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Volume 18
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Article

Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic

by
César Torres-Martín
1,
Inmaculada Alemany-Arrebola
2,*,
Manuel Enrique Lorenzo-Martín
3 and
Ángel Custodio Mingorance-Estrada
4
1
Department of Didactics and School Organization, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
2
Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
3
Company of Mary School, 18014 Granada, Spain
4
Department of Didactics and School Organization, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8722; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168722
Submission received: 6 July 2021 / Revised: 6 August 2021 / Accepted: 12 August 2021 / Published: 18 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Factors and Health in Education: An Interdisciplinary Approach)
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Abstract

Psychological distress and psychosocial factors are studied in the sports context in players of various specialties, but are only little studied with coaches who carry out their work with these athletes; that is where we put the emphasis, trying to determine the perception of coaches on psychological distress and psychosocial risk factors that may influence their sports work in times of a pandemic. It is an ex post facto study with a single-group retrospective design, with a representative sample of 94 coaches out of a possible 109. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the short version of the ISTAS21 Psychosocial Risk Assessment at Work Questionnaire were adapted to the sports context. The results show that the youngest, those with the least experience and level 1 and level 2 coaches show the highest levels of stress. According to the psychosocial risk assessment, level 1 and 2 coaches, with experience between 6 to 10 years, are in the risk zone. Therefore, it is important to work with a group of coaches who are in the psychosocial risk zone and with high levels of psychological discomfort in order to avoid mental, emotional and physical stress, for the good performance of their work in the best possible conditions.
Keywords: coaches; non-formal education; health; psychosocial factors; stress coaches; non-formal education; health; psychosocial factors; stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Torres-Martín, C.; Alemany-Arrebola, I.; Lorenzo-Martín, M.E.; Mingorance-Estrada, Á.C. Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168722

AMA Style

Torres-Martín C, Alemany-Arrebola I, Lorenzo-Martín ME, Mingorance-Estrada ÁC. Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168722

Chicago/Turabian Style

Torres-Martín, César, Inmaculada Alemany-Arrebola, Manuel Enrique Lorenzo-Martín, and Ángel Custodio Mingorance-Estrada. 2021. "Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168722

APA Style

Torres-Martín, C., Alemany-Arrebola, I., Lorenzo-Martín, M. E., & Mingorance-Estrada, Á. C. (2021). Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8722. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168722

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