Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle Aged Women with Osteoarthritis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population and Data Collection
2.2. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | non-OA a (n = 2209) | OA a (n = 246) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Aerobic (n = 1214) | Aerobic (n = 995) | p-Value | Non-Aerobic (n = 138) | Aerobic (n = 108) | p-Value | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Age (years) | >40 | 631 | 52.0 | 520 | 52.3 | 0.034 * | 26 | 18.8 | 18 | 16.7 | 0.121 |
<59 | 583 | 48.0 | 475 | 47.7 | 112 | 81.2 | 90 | 83.3 | |||
Income level | level 1 | 307 | 25.3 | 214 | 21.5 | <0.001 ** | 46 | 33.3 | 35 | 32.4 | 0.046 * |
level 2 | 322 | 26.6 | 237 | 23.8 | 35 | 25.4 | 25 | 23.1 | |||
level 3 | 287 | 23.7 | 260 | 26.1 | 30 | 21.7 | 30 | 27.8 | |||
level 4 | 296 | 24.4 | 284 | 28.5 | 27 | 19.6 | 18 | 16.7 | |||
Education level | elementary | 110 | 9.1 | 58 | 5.8 | <0.001 ** | 42 | 30.4 | 18 | 16.7 | 0.006 ** |
middle | 130 | 10.7 | 89 | 9.0 | 26 | 18.8 | 22 | 20.4 | |||
high | 526 | 43.4 | 425 | 42.8 | 46 | 33.3 | 48 | 44.4 | |||
university | 445 | 36.7 | 422 | 42.5 | 24 | 17.4 | 20 | 18.5 | |||
Marital status | single | 37 | 3.1 | 35 | 3.5 | 0.004 ** | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.097 |
marriaged | 1022 | 84.3 | 864 | 86.9 | 109 | 79.0 | 89 | 82.4 | |||
divorced | 154 | 12.7 | 95 | 9.6 | 28 | 20.3 | 18 | 16.7 | |||
Economic activity | no | 417 | 34.4 | 414 | 41.6 | <0.001 ** | 52 | 37.7 | 39 | 36.1 | 0.103 |
yes | 796 | 65.6 | 581 | 58.4 | 86 | 62.3 | 69 | 63.9 | |||
Type of insurance | local | 408 | 33.7 | 253 | 25.5 | <0.001 ** | 48 | 34.8 | 34 | 31.5 | 0.087 |
company | 764 | 63.2 | 719 | 72.5 | 78 | 56.5 | 70 | 64.8 | |||
gov. cover | 37 | 3.1 | 20 | 2.0 | 12 | 8.7 | 4 | 3.7 | |||
Private insurance | no | 97 | 8.0 | 66 | 6.6 | 0.031 * | 20 | 14.5 | 10 | 9.3 | 0.074 |
yes | 1115 | 92.0 | 928 | 93.4 | 118 | 85.5 | 98 | 90.7 | |||
Self-health status | good | 301 | 24.8 | 323 | 32.5 | <0.001 ** | 26 | 18.8 | 16 | 14.8 | 0.074 |
fair | 704 | 58.0 | 531 | 53.4 | 68 | 49.3 | 60 | 55.6 | |||
bad | 209 | 17.2 | 141 | 14.2 | 44 | 31.9 | 32 | 29.6 | |||
Drinking | non-drinker | 139 | 11.5 | 91 | 9.2 | 0.003 ** | 20 | 14.5 | 19 | 17.6 | 0.041 * |
1 year non-drinker | 215 | 17.8 | 149 | 15.0 | 33 | 23.9 | 20 | 18.5 | |||
<4/m b | 705 | 58.3 | 634 | 63.8 | 64 | 46.4 | 62 | 57.4 | |||
>4/m b | 151 | 12.5 | 120 | 12.1 | 21 | 15.2 | 7 | 6.5 | |||
Smoking | non-smoker | 1081 | 89.4 | 918 | 92.4 | 0.001 ** | 120 | 87.0 | 101 | 93.5 | 0.035 * |
past | 57 | 4.7 | 43 | 4.3 | 9 | 6.5 | 3 | 2.8 | |||
present | 71 | 5.9 | 32 | 3.2 | 9 | 6.5 | 4 | 3.7 | |||
Sleep hours (per day) | <7 | 507 | 41.8 | 446 | 44.8 | 0.003 ** | 59 | 42.8 | 55 | 50.9 | 0.032 * |
7 | 386 | 31.8 | 325 | 32.7 | 44 | 31.9 | 30 | 27.8 | |||
≥8 | 320 | 26.4 | 224 | 22.5 | 35 | 25.4 | 23 | 21.3 | |||
Muscle exercise (days/week) | no | 1057 | 87.1 | 736 | 74.0 | <0.001 ** | 116 | 84.1 | 82 | 75.9 | 0.031 * |
<5 | 117 | 9.6 | 192 | 19.3 | 13 | 9.4 | 16 | 14.8 | |||
>5 | 39 | 3.2 | 67 | 6.7 | 9 | 6.5 | 10 | 9.3 | |||
Menopause | menopause | 531 | 44.0 | 431 | 43.4 | 0.033 * | 106 | 76.8 | 84 | 77.8 | 0.120 |
no-menopause | 677 | 56.0 | 563 | 56.6 | 32 | 23.2 | 24 | 22.2 | |||
Obesity | low | 42 | 3.5 | 33 | 3.3 | 0.030 * | 3 | 2.2 | 0.084 | ||
normal | 818 | 67.4 | 684 | 68.7 | 78 | 56.5 | 70 | 64.8 | |||
obesity | 354 | 29.2 | 278 | 27.9 | 57 | 41.3 | 38 | 35.2 |
Item | Group 1 Non-OA a (n = 2209) | Group 2 OA a (n = 246) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1-1 Non-Aerobic (n = 1214) | p-Value | Group1-2 Aerobic (n = 995) | p-Value | Group2-1 Non-Aerobic (n = 138) | p-Value | Group2-2 Aerobic (n = 108) | p-Value | ||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||
Age (years) | >40 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.006 ** | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.011 * | 0.89 | 0.20 | 0.869 | 0.92 | 0.11 | 0.749 |
<59 | 0.96 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.90 | 0.15 | 0.91 | 0.11 | |||||
Income level | level 1 | 0.95 | 0.09 | <0.001 ** | 0.96 | 0.10 | <0.001 ** | 0.82 | 0.23 | <0.001 ** | 0.89 | 0.12 | 0.166 |
level 2 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.09 | 0.91 | 0.11 | |||||
level 3 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.91 | 0.10 | 0.94 | 0.08 | |||||
level 4 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.06 | 0.94 | 0.08 | |||||
Education level | elementary | 0.95 | 0.09 | <0.001 ** | 0.92 | 0.12 | <0.001 ** | 0.85 | 0.23 | 0.076 | 0.88 | 0.14 | 0.139 |
middle | 0.95 | 0.08 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.91 | 0.13 | 0.90 | 0.10 | |||||
high | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.93 | 0.10 | 0.94 | 0.09 | |||||
university | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.93 | 0.13 | 0.91 | 0.11 | |||||
Marital status | single | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.001 ** | 0.96 | 0.09 | 0.002 ** | 1.00 | . | <0.001 ** | 1.00 | . | 0.442 |
marriaged | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.93 | 0.09 | 0.92 | 0.10 | |||||
divorced | 0.95 | 0.09 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.79 | 0.29 | 0.89 | 0.13 | |||||
Economic activity | no | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.001 ** | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.003 ** | 0.83 | 0.22 | <0.001 ** | 0.90 | 0.12 | 0.306 |
yes | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.94 | 0.08 | 0.92 | 0.09 | |||||
Type of insurance | local | 0.97 | 0.07 | <0.001 ** | 0.97 | 0.07 | <0.001 ** | 0.93 | 0.09 | <0.001 ** | 0.88 | 0.12 | 0.014 * |
company | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.92 | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.09 | |||||
gov. cover | 0.90 | 0.12 | 0.86 | 0.20 | 0.64 | 0.23 | 0.85 | 0.07 | |||||
Private insurance | no | 0.96 | 0.10 | 0.086 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.003 ** | 0.87 | 0.15 | 0.385 | 0.91 | 0.10 | 0.841 |
yes | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.90 | 0.16 | 0.92 | 0.11 | |||||
Self-health status | good | 0.99 | 0.03 | <0.001 ** | 0.99 | 0.03 | <0.001 ** | 0.96 | 0.07 | <0.001 ** | 0.96 | 0.06 | <0.001 ** |
fair | 0.97 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.07 | 0.94 | 0.07 | |||||
bad | 0.92 | 0.11 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 0.78 | 0.23 | 0.85 | 0.14 | |||||
Drinking | non-drinker | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.319 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.022 * | 0.89 | 0.22 | 0.603 | 0.91 | 0.12 | 0.953 |
1 year non-drinker | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.89 | 0.09 | 0.92 | 0.12 | |||||
<4/m b | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.90 | 0.19 | 0.92 | 0.09 | |||||
>4/m b | 0.96 | 0.07 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.07 | 0.91 | 0.15 | |||||
Smoking | non-smoker | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.154 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.406 | 0.90 | 0.16 | 0.409 | 0.92 | 0.10 | 0.236 |
past | 0.96 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 0.82 | 0.23 | |||||
present | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.09 | 0.83 | 0.19 | 0.88 | 0.19 | |||||
Sleep hours (per day) | <7 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.242 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.340 | 0.88 | 0.21 | 0.591 | 0.90 | 0.12 | 0.144 |
7 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.07 | 0.91 | 0.11 | 0.94 | 0.09 | |||||
≥8 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.12 | 0.93 | 0.08 | |||||
Muscle exercise (days/week) | no | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.411 | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.300 | 0.90 | 0.13 | 0.047 * | 0.91 | 0.11 | 0.902 |
<5 | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.94 | 0.10 | 0.93 | 0.10 | |||||
>5 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.78 | 0.39 | 0.92 | 0.10 | |||||
Menopause | menopause | 0.96 | 0.07 | 0.001 ** | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.001 ** | 0.90 | 0.16 | 0.750 | 0.91 | 0.11 | 0.082 |
no-menopause | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.91 | 0.18 | 0.95 | 0.07 | |||||
Obesity | low | 0.96 | 0.06 | <0.001 ** | 0.97 | 0.08 | 0.041 * | 0.93 | 0.07 | 0.946 | 0.92 | 0.10 | 0.551 |
normal | 0.97 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.06 | 0.90 | 0.17 | 0.91 | 0.11 | |||||
obesity | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.08 | 0.90 | 0.16 | 0.92 | 0.11 |
Item | non-OA a (n = 2209) | OA a (n = 246) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Aerobic (n = 1214) | Aerobic (n = 995) | Non-Aerobic (n = 138) | Aerobic (n = 108) | ||||||||||
Age (years) | >40 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.543 | −0.001 | 0.006 | 0.797 | −0.032 | 0.036 | 0.376 | −0.043 | 0.032 | 0.182 |
<59 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Income level | level 1 | −0.002 | 0.005 | 0.743 | −0.003 | 0.006 | 0.667 | −0.067 | 0.033 | 0.041 * | −0.039 | 0.032 | 0.216 |
level 2 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.641 | −0.001 | 0.005 | 0.854 | −0.020 | 0.031 | 0.528 | −0.054 | 0.030 | 0.067 | |
level 3 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.661 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.760 | −0.045 | 0.034 | 0.185 | −0.010 | 0.029 | 0.723 | |
level 4 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Education level | elementary | −0.016 | 0.007 | 0.020 * | −0.025 | 0.010 | 0.008 ** | −0.019 | 0.034 | 0.585 | 0.007 | 0.036 | 0.847 |
middle | −0.008 | 0.006 | 0.223 | −0.016 | 0.008 | 0.045 * | 0.024 | 0.035 | 0.493 | 0.008 | 0.031 | 0.792 | |
high | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.731 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.602 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.297 | 0.016 | 0.026 | 0.543 | |
university | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Marital status | single | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.389 | −0.001 | 0.012 | 0.938 | 0.039 | 0.150 | 0.792 | −0.003 | 0.097 | 0.975 |
marriaged | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.183 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.467 | 0.025 | 0.030 | 0.401 | 0.013 | 0.026 | 0.618 | |
divorced | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Economic activity | no | −0.008 | 0.004 | 0.030 * | −0.009 | 0.004 | 0.021 * | −0.041 | 0.024 | 0.084 | −0.026 | 0.020 | 0.212 |
yes | - | 0 a | 0 a | 0 a | |||||||||
Type of insurance | local | 0.049 | 0.011 | <0.001 ** | 0.086 | 0.015 | <0.001 ** | 0.123 | 0.047 | 0.008 ** | −0.016 | 0.048 | 0.737 |
company | 0.054 | 0.011 | <0.001 ** | 0.090 | 0.015 | <0.001 ** | 0.101 | 0.046 | 0.027 * | 0.053 | 0.047 | 0.263 | |
gov. cover | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Private insurance | no | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.895 | −0.004 | 0.008 | 0.643 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.312 | −0.009 | 0.034 | 0.793 |
yes | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Self-health status | good | 0.069 | 0.006 | <0.001 ** | 0.062 | 0.007 | <0.001 ** | 0.120 | 0.032 | <0.001 ** | 0.122 | 0.031 | <0.001 ** |
fair | 0.055 | 0.005 | <0.001 ** | 0.052 | 0.006 | <0.001 ** | 0.135 | 0.024 | <0.001 ** | 0.093 | 0.021 | <0.001 ** | |
bad | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Drinking | non-drinker | 0.013 | 0.007 | 0.062 | −0.008 | 0.009 | 0.350 | 0.002 | 0.040 | 0.958 | 0.014 | 0.043 | 0.747 |
1 year non-drinker | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.157 | −0.015 | 0.008 | 0.049 | −0.001 | 0.035 | 0.969 | 0.025 | 0.040 | 0.537 | |
<4/m b | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.198 | −0.011 | 0.006 | 0.078 | 0.006 | 0.031 | 0.841 | 0.012 | 0.039 | 0.766 | |
>4/m b | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Smoking | non-smoker | −0.006 | 0.008 | 0.400 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.765 | −0.018 | 0.041 | 0.670 | −0.021 | 0.051 | 0.678 |
past | −0.008 | 0.011 | 0.453 | 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.933 | 0.015 | 0.055 | 0.781 | −0.056 | 0.073 | 0.444 | |
present | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Sleep hours (per day) | <7 | −0.010 | 0.004 | 0.020 * | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.818 | −0.013 | 0.026 | 0.624 | −0.048 | 0.022 | 0.030 * |
7 | −0.004 | 0.005 | 0.436 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.417 | −0.014 | 0.027 | 0.604 | −0.030 | 0.027 | 0.270 | |
≥8 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Muscle exercise (days/week) | no | −0.008 | 0.010 | 0.387 | −0.010 | 0.008 | 0.193 | 0.141 | 0.042 | 0.001 ** | 0.034 | 0.030 | 0.256 |
<5 | −0.009 | 0.011 | 0.413 | −0.011 | 0.009 | 0.211 | 0.173 | 0.053 | 0.001 ** | 0.029 | 0.035 | 0.408 | |
>5 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Menopause | menopause | −0.003 | 0.005 | 0.482 | −0.006 | 0.006 | 0.298 | 0.006 | 0.031 | 0.858 | −0.079 | 0.028 | 0.005 ** |
no-menopause | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
Obesity | low | −0.005 | 0.010 | 0.623 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.945 | 0.015 | 0.088 | 0.867 | |||
normal | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.127 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.557 | −0.003 | 0.022 | 0.884 | −0.021 | 0.018 | 0.259 | |
obesity | - | - | - | - |
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Ryu, M.; Lee, S.; Kim, H.; Baek, W.-C.; Kimm, H. Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle Aged Women with Osteoarthritis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020527
Ryu M, Lee S, Kim H, Baek W-C, Kimm H. Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle Aged Women with Osteoarthritis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2):527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020527
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyu, Mikyung, Sol Lee, Ho Kim, Weon-Chil Baek, and Heejin Kimm. 2020. "Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life in Middle Aged Women with Osteoarthritis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020527