Location Choice in the Context of Older Adults’ Leisure-Time Walking
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Theoretical Foundation
2.2. Individual-Level Characteristics and Physical Activity
2.3. Neighborhood Characteristics and Physical Activity
2.4. Summary and Focus of Current Research
- (1)
- Are there differences in the choice behavior of leisure-time walking locations of older adults due to the effects of socio-demographic characteristics?
- (2)
- How do contextual features of activity participation such as activity time and trip purpose influence the choice of locations for leisure-time walking?
- (3)
- Do neighborhood characteristics play different roles in the use of different locations for leisure-time walking?
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Measures
3.2.1. Socio-Demographics
3.2.2. Neighborhood Characteristics
3.2.3. Leisure-Time Walking Behavior
3.3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Sample Characteristics
4.2. Description of Walking Location Choices
4.3. Model Results
4.3.1. Socio-Demographics
4.3.2. Episode Participation Occasion Variables
4.3.3. Neighborhood Characteristics
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Levels | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | |||
Gender | Male | 164 | 51.9 |
Female | 152 | 48.1 | |
Age | 60–64 | 68 | 21.5 |
65–69 | 63 | 19.9 | |
70–74 | 66 | 20.9 | |
75+ | 119 | 37.7 | |
Income level | 0 ≤ 2000 Chinese Yuan | 71 | 22.5 |
2001 ≤ 4000 Chinese Yuan | 151 | 47.8 | |
4000+ Chinese Yuan | 94 | 29.7 | |
Mobility disability | No | 187 | 59.2 |
Yes | 129 | 40.8 | |
Household type | With grandchildren ≤ 12 years | 53 | 16.8 |
No grandchildren ≤ 12 years | 263 | 83.2 | |
Environmental characteristics | |||
Accessibility to local shops | 0–10 min | 231 | 73.1 |
Over 10 min | 85 | 26.9 | |
Distance to the nearest park | Less than 800 m | 83 | 26.3 |
800 to 1600 m | 142 | 44.9 | |
More than 1600 m | 91 | 28.8 | |
Footpath conditions | Less satisfied | 45 | 14.3 |
(Very) satisfied | 271 | 85.7 | |
Neighborhood aesthetics | Less satisfied | 165 | 52.2 |
(Very) satisfied | 151 | 47.8 | |
Traffic safety | Less satisfied | 164 | 51.9 |
(Very) satisfied | 152 | 45.1 |
Activity Locations | n | % |
---|---|---|
Street | 1427 | 44.8 |
Square | 880 | 27.6 |
Park | 669 | 21.0 |
Playground | 208 | 6.6 |
Total | 3184 | 100 |
Variables | Coefficient | ||
---|---|---|---|
Playground | Square | Park | |
Constant | −2.300 *** | −0.532 *** | −1.180 *** |
Socio-demographics | |||
Gender | |||
Male | 0.319 *** | 0.209 *** | 0.528 *** |
Female | −0.319 | −0.209 | −0.528 |
Age | |||
60–64 | 0.628 | 0.199 | 0.024 |
65–69 | 0.045 | −0.278 *** | −0.268 ** |
70–74 | −0.149 | 0.101 | 0.191 ** |
75+ | −0.524 *** | −0.022 | 0.053 |
Income level | |||
0 ≤ 2000 Chinese Yuan | −0.167 | 0.177 ** | −0.257 *** |
2001 ≤ 4000 Chinese Yuan | −0.175 | −0.158 | −0.019 |
4000+ Chinese Yuan | 0.342 *** | −0.019 | 0.276 *** |
Mobility disability | |||
Yes | 0.048 | −0.191 *** | −0.272 *** |
No | −0.048 | 0.191 | 0.272 |
Household type | |||
Presence of children (≤12 years) | 0.062 | −0.117 | 0.052 |
Non-presence of children (≤12 years) | −0.062 | 0.117 | −0.052 |
Episode participation occasion variables | |||
Activity time | |||
Morning | −0.666 *** | 0.017 | 0.222 *** |
Afternoon | −0.008 | −0.283 *** | −0.217 *** |
Evening | 0.674 | 0.266 | 0.005 |
Trip purpose | |||
Joint | −0.722 *** | 0.480 *** | 0.315 *** |
Single | 0.722 | −0.480 | −0.315 |
Activity duration | |||
10–30 min | −0.922 *** | −0.061 | −0.113 |
31–60 min | 0.453 | −0.221 | 0.427 |
60+ min | 0.469 *** | 0.282 *** | −0.314 *** |
Activity companion | |||
Yes | 0.438 *** | −0.062 | 0.318 *** |
No | −0.438 | 0.062 | −0.318 |
Environmental characteristics | |||
Accessibility to local shops | |||
0–10 min | 0.337 | −0.023 | 0.075 |
Over 10 min | −0.337 *** | 0.023 | −0.075 |
Distance to the nearest park | |||
≤800 m (base) | −0.345 | 0.397 | 1.071 |
800–1600 m | 0.199 | −0.117 * | −0.094 |
1600+ meters | 0.146 | −0.280 *** | −0.977 *** |
Footpath conditions | |||
Less satisfied | 0.176 | 0.157 | −0.191 |
(Very) satisfied | −0.176 | −0.157 ** | 0.191 ** |
Neighborhood aesthetics | |||
Less satisfied | 0.099 | 0.076 | 0.387 |
(Very) satisfied | −0.099 | −0.076 | −0.387 *** |
Traffic safety | |||
Less satisfied | −0.146 | −0.005 | −0.185 |
(Very) satisfied | 0.146 | 0.005 | 0.185 *** |
Goodness of fit statistics | |||
LL(0) | −4413.96 | ||
LL(β) | −3320.66 | ||
McFadden Rho-squared | 0.247 |
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Liu, Z.; Kemperman, A.; Timmermans, H. Location Choice in the Context of Older Adults’ Leisure-Time Walking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134775
Liu Z, Kemperman A, Timmermans H. Location Choice in the Context of Older Adults’ Leisure-Time Walking. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(13):4775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134775
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zhengying, Astrid Kemperman, and Harry Timmermans. 2020. "Location Choice in the Context of Older Adults’ Leisure-Time Walking" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13: 4775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134775