Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use and Instagram Use Intensity on Self-Esteem with University Students from Physical Education
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures and Instruments
2.2.1. Social Media Intensity Scale (SMIS)
2.2.2. Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV)
2.2.3. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | PSU | Self-Esteem | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | p | M | SD | p | M | SD | p | |
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 16.72 | 4.715 | 0.912 | 19.88 | 5.704 | 0.943 | 32.68 | 5.755 | 0.444 |
Female | 16.78 | 4.884 | 19.92 | 5.613 | 32.20 | 6.076 | |||
Age | |||||||||
≤20 | 18.66 | 4.582 | 0.000 | 20.93 | 6.130 | 0.034 | 31.41 | 6.309 | 0.057 |
21–35 | 16.09 | 4.721 | 19.54 | 5.424 | 32.73 | 5.795 | |||
Employment status | |||||||||
Active | 16.02 | 4.621 | 0.002 | 19.20 | 5.768 | 0.011 | 32.93 | 6.200 | 0.063 |
Inactive | 17.54 | 4.903 | 20.66 | 5.415 | 31.80 | 5.634 |
Dimension | Skewness | Kurtosis | Kolmogorov–Smirnov | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K-S | df | p | |||
Instagram Use Intensity | −0.108 | −0.594 | 0.061 | 385 | 0.002 |
Problematic Smartphone Use | 0.609 | 0.031 | 0.082 | 385 | 0.000 |
Self-esteem | −0.744 | 0.054 | 0.114 | 385 | 0.000 |
Fit Indices | Obtained Values | Criteria |
---|---|---|
χ2 | 10.44 | |
df | 8 | |
χ2/df | 1.305 | ≤3 |
GFI | 0.993 | ≥0.90 |
RMSEA | 0.028 | <0.05 |
NFI | 0.973 | ≥0.90 |
CFI | 0.993 | ≥0.90 |
AGFI | 0.969 | ≥0.90 |
SRMR | 0.025 | <0.08 |
Associations between Variables | RW | SE | CR | p | SRW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Instagram ← Gender | 1.034 | 0.523 | 1.976 | 0.048 | 0.104 |
Instagram ← Age | −2.658 | 0.632 | −4.202 | *** | −0.242 |
Instagram ← Employment situation | 0.687 | 0.523 | 1.313 | 0.189 | 0.071 |
Instagram → No. Photos | 8.460 | 2.030 | 4.168 | *** | 0.205 |
Instagram → No. Followers | 92.338 | 16.954 | 5.446 | *** | 0.268 |
Instagram → Self-esteem | 0.083 | 0.069 | 11.199 | 0.230 | 0.067 |
PSU ← Gender | 0.630 | 0.645 | 0.977 | 0.329 | 0.054 |
PSU ← Age | −1.073 | 0.769 | −1.395 | 0.163 | −0.084 |
PSU ← Employment situation | 1.124 | 0.632 | 1.777 | 0.076 | 0.100 |
PSU ← No. Photos | −0.001 | 0.001 | −0.518 | 0.605 | −0.025 |
PSU ← No. Followers | 0.000 | 0.000 | −0.959 | 0.338 | −0.045 |
PSU → Self-esteem | −0.333 | 0.059 | −5.668 | *** | −0.316 |
Instagram ↔ PSU | 0.172 | 0.028 | 6.154 | *** | 0.492 |
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Romero-Rodríguez, J.-M.; Aznar-Díaz, I.; Marín-Marín, J.-A.; Soler-Costa, R.; Rodríguez-Jiménez, C. Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use and Instagram Use Intensity on Self-Esteem with University Students from Physical Education. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124336
Romero-Rodríguez J-M, Aznar-Díaz I, Marín-Marín J-A, Soler-Costa R, Rodríguez-Jiménez C. Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use and Instagram Use Intensity on Self-Esteem with University Students from Physical Education. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12):4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124336
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomero-Rodríguez, José-María, Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz, José-Antonio Marín-Marín, Rebeca Soler-Costa, and Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez. 2020. "Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use and Instagram Use Intensity on Self-Esteem with University Students from Physical Education" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124336
APA StyleRomero-Rodríguez, J.-M., Aznar-Díaz, I., Marín-Marín, J.-A., Soler-Costa, R., & Rodríguez-Jiménez, C. (2020). Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use and Instagram Use Intensity on Self-Esteem with University Students from Physical Education. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124336