Children Exposure-Related Behavior Patterns and Risk Perception Associated with Recreational Beach Use
Abstract
:1. Introduction and Background
2. Methods
2.1. Survey Instruments
2.2. Recruitment and Data Collection
2.3. Data Refinement and Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Demographic Results
3.2. Exposure Assessment Results
3.2.1. Exposure Subsection 1
3.2.2. Exposure Subsection 2
3.2.3. Exposure Subsection 3
3.3. Risk Perception Results
3.4. Key Comparison of Demographics, Exposure, and Risk Perceptions by Race
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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% Yes | % No | % Sometimes | % Uncertain | NR a % | ||
Stay longer at beach if bathroom available | 47.8 | 31.0 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 3.3 | |
Children wash hands before eating | 56.5 | 23.2 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 21.3 | |
Go to other places after the beach | 30 | 24.8 | 43.9 | 1.3 | 3.3 | |
Use of shower to rinse yourself | 63.4 | 22.3 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 3.8 | |
Use of shower to rinse children | 62.5 | 24.2 | 12.8 | 0.6 | 10.0 | |
Use foot rinse for children | 68.1 | 20 | 10 | 1.9 | 10.0 | |
Take soap to beach | 9.6 | 82.5 | 7.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | |
EveryHour | Couple Hours | BeforeMeals | Before Going Home | Never/Uncertain | ||
How often is soap and water applied to children’s hands | 3.4 | 13.6 | 55.9 | 47.5 | 5.1/5.1 | 85.3 |
How often is soap and water applied to your hands | 5.1 | 12.8 | 48.7 | 48.7 | 5.1/7.7 | 90.3 |
Timing of children have a bath or shower upon arrival at home | Right away: 74.1% | Within 1 h: 15.8% | Within couple h: 6.5% | Later that night: 3.0% | Next day/uncertain: 0/0.5% | 0.5 |
Mean Percent in Ranking # | NR a % | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Danger/ranking # | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
Infections | 39.7 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 14.1 | 25.8 |
Shark attacks | 31.8 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 22.3 |
Strong waves | 23.4 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 13 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 5.8 | 9.1 | 23.0 |
Rip tides | 29.2 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 7.2 | 9.5 | 23.8 |
Hurricanes or strong storms | 35.4 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 2.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 20.2 | 25.8 |
Chemical or oil spill | 34.7 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 16.2 | 25.8 |
Other | 35.7 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0 | 21.4 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 0 | 14.3 | 96.5 |
Characteristics | Overall (N = 359) | White (N = 271) | Black African American (N = 66) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Mean (SE) | 37.95 (0.58) | 37.51 (0.71) | 39.81 (1.47) |
Median (IQR) | 37 (30–44) | 36 (29–43) | 39 (32.5–41) |
Sex | |||
Male | 28.2% | 28.8% | 25.86% |
Female | 71.8% | 71.2% | 74.14% |
Income | |||
Mean Range | 30,001–100,000 | 30,001–100,000 | 20,001–50,000 |
Median Range | 50,001–100,000 | 30,001–100,000 | 30,001–50,000 |
Hours Worked in Primary Job (SE) | 38.30 (0.78) | 37.96 (1.04) | 40.14 (1.58) |
Mean Range Distance Live From Beach | 10–30 | 5–20 | 10–30 |
Mean Range Frequency to Beach | Once a week–Once a month | Once a week–Once a month | Once a week–Once a month |
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Share and Cite
Ferguson, A.; Del Donno, C.; Obeng-Gyasi, E.; Mena, K.; Kaur Altomare, T.; Guerrero, R.; Gidley, M.; Montas, L.; Solo-Gabriele, H.M. Children Exposure-Related Behavior Patterns and Risk Perception Associated with Recreational Beach Use. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152783
Ferguson A, Del Donno C, Obeng-Gyasi E, Mena K, Kaur Altomare T, Guerrero R, Gidley M, Montas L, Solo-Gabriele HM. Children Exposure-Related Behavior Patterns and Risk Perception Associated with Recreational Beach Use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(15):2783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152783
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerguson, Alesia, Courtney Del Donno, Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, Kristina Mena, Tanu Kaur Altomare, Rosalía Guerrero, Maribeth Gidley, Larissa Montas, and Helena M. Solo-Gabriele. 2019. "Children Exposure-Related Behavior Patterns and Risk Perception Associated with Recreational Beach Use" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15: 2783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152783