Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variability and Driving Factors of Artificial Lighting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Using Remote Sensing Imagery and Socioeconomic Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Data Sources
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources and Processing
2.2.1. DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Imagery
2.2.2. Socioeconomic Data
2.2.3. High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery
3. Methods
3.1. Trend Analysis
3.1.1. Mann-Kendall Non-Parametric Test Method (M-K Test)
3.1.2. Standard Deviation
3.2. Construction of the Nighttime Light Indices
3.3. Correlation Analysis Method
4. Results
4.1. Analysis of the Characteristics of Artificial Lighting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
4.1.1. The Trend Analysis of Artificial Lighting
4.1.2. Change Characteristics Analysis of Artificial Lighting
4.2. Analysis of Artificial Lighting at Prefecture-Level Cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
4.3. Analysis of Driving Factors of Artificial Lighting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Typical Area | Sensor | Resolution (m) | Acquisition Time | Cloud Cover (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
a1 | IKONOS | 0.8 | 01-28-2001 | 0.0 |
a2 | Pléiades-1 | 0.5 | 10-13-2012 | 0.0 |
b1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 04-24-2002 | 0.0 |
b2 | WorldView-2 | 0.5 | 09-14-2012 | 4.0 |
c1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 08-28-2004 | 0.0 |
c2 | WorldView-2 | 0.5 | 11-23-2011 | 0.0 |
d1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 11-16-2003 | 0.0 |
d2 | GeoEye-1 | 0.5 | 12-31-2012 | 0.0 |
e1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 05-04-2014 | 0.0 |
e2 | KOMPSAT-2 | 1 | 03-03-2013 | 0.0 |
f1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 06-30-2005 | 3.0 |
f2 | Pléiades-1 | 0.5 | 08-22-2012 | 0.0 |
g1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 04-24-2008 | 2.0 |
g2 | WorldView-2 | 0.5 | 05-04-2014 | 1.0 |
h1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 08-28-2014 | 0.0 |
h2 | GeoEye-1 | 0.45 | 05-31-2012 | 1.0 |
i1 | IKONOS | 0.8 | 06-14-2006 | 0.0 |
i2 | GeoEye-1 | 0.48 | 09-29-2012 | 0.0 |
j1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 09-07-2004 | 0.0 |
j2 | WorldView-2 | 0.5 | 12-11-2013 | 0.0 |
k1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 05-22-2002 | 0.0 |
k2 | GeoEye-1 | 0.49 | 08-19-2013 | 0.0 |
l1 | QuickBird | 0.6 | 03-24-2002 | 0.0 |
l2 | WorldView-2 | 0.5 | 04-06-2013 | 0.0 |
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Leng, W.; He, G.; Jiang, W. Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variability and Driving Factors of Artificial Lighting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Using Remote Sensing Imagery and Socioeconomic Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111950
Leng W, He G, Jiang W. Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variability and Driving Factors of Artificial Lighting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Using Remote Sensing Imagery and Socioeconomic Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(11):1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111950
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeng, Wanchun, Guojin He, and Wei Jiang. 2019. "Investigating the Spatiotemporal Variability and Driving Factors of Artificial Lighting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Using Remote Sensing Imagery and Socioeconomic Data" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111950