Adoption of Clean Cookstoves after Improved Solid Fuel Stove Programme Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Peruvian Andean Regions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Settings
2.2. Sampling, Inclusion Criteria and Selection of Households
2.3. Study Design and Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Stove Use and Adoption
3.2. Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Clean Cookstove Adoption
3.2.1. Daily IS Use
3.2.2. LPG Stove Use
3.2.3. Traditional Stove Displacement
4. Discussion
4.1. Stove Use and Adoption
4.2. Factors Associated with Cookstove Adoption and Displacement
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics and Further Explanatory Variables | n (%) |
---|---|
Region | |
Cajamarca | 344 (33.3) |
Cuzco | 331 (32.0) |
La Libertad | 358 (34.7) |
Age of reporting female | |
<35 | 245 (23.7) |
35–<45 | 289 (28.0) |
45–<55 | 249 (24.1) |
≥55 | 230 (22.3) |
Education of reporting female (years of schooling) | |
0 | 133 (12.9) |
1–6 | 701 (67.9) |
≥7 | 177 (17.1) |
Civil status of reporting female (married/civil partnership vs. single/separated/divorced/widowed) | 876 (84.8) |
Household size, ≥5 persons | 473 (45.8) |
Wealth index a | |
1. Quintile (lowest) | 207 (20.0) |
2. Quintile | 212 (20.5) |
3. Quintile | 215 (20.8) |
4. Quintile | 197 (19.1) |
5. Quintile (highest) | 202 (19.6) |
Land ownership (where house is built) | 915 (88.6) |
Internet use | 341 (33.0) |
Firewood is bought | 362 (35.0) |
Stove programme | |
IIN | 147 (14.2) |
Sembrando | 191 (18.5) |
Juntos | 183 (17.7) |
Municipalidad | 118 (11.4) |
NINA | 237 (22.9) |
others (various, programmes with <5% coverage) | 157 (15.2) |
Participation in national gas programme | 189 (18.3) |
Year of stove programme participation | |
≤2008 | 197 (19.1) |
2009 | 161 (15.6) |
2010 | 193 (18.7) |
2011 | 209 (20.2) |
2012 | 105 (10.2) |
2013 | 50 (4.8) |
Problems with IS | 338 (32.7) |
Knowledge of somebody who can build an IS | 332 (32.1) |
IS parts can be obtained in the community | 174 (16.8) |
Local authorities/leaders support IS use | 435 (42.1) |
Stove use and adoption | |
Primary cookstove | |
IS | 902 (87.3) |
LPG stove | 43 (4.2) |
Traditional cookstove b | 86 (8.3) |
Secondary cookstove | |
IS | 80 (7.7) |
LPG stove | 469 (45.4) |
Traditional cookstove | 167 (16.2) |
None | 317 (30.7) |
Daily IS use | 900 (87.1) |
LPG stove use | 529 (51.2) |
Traditional stove displacement | 677 (65.5) |
Daily IS Use (n = 1033) | LPG Stove Use (n = 844) | Traditional Stove Displacement (n = 1033) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
Region | 0.3 | 0.3 | <0.0001 | |||
Cajamarca | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
La Libertad | 1.27 (0.44, 3.68) | 1.19 (0.48, 2.94) | 2.42 (1.19, 4.93) | |||
Cuzco | 2.46 (0.83, 7.29) | 1.71 (0.87, 3.36) | 4.48 (2.28, 8.79) | |||
Age of reporting female | 0.4 | 1 | 0.002 | |||
<35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
35–<45 | 0.75 (0.44, 1.28) | 0.89 (0.56, 1.42) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.89) | |||
45–<55 | 1.26 (0.68, 2.32) | 0.94 (0.57, 1.54) | 0.43 (0.28, 0.67) | |||
≥55 | 0.96 (0.49, 1.87) | 0.93 (0.53, 1.63) | 0.49 (0.3, 0.81) | |||
Education of reporting female (years of schooling) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.2 | |||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
1–6 | 0.90 (0.46, 1.76) | 2.09 (1.22, 3.6) | 1.39 (0.89, 2.17) | |||
≥7 | 0.44 (0.20, 0.99) | 2.47 (1.26, 4.87) | 1.03 (0.57, 1.84) | |||
Civil status of reporting female, married/civil partnership vs. single/separated/divorced/widowed | 1.75 (1.06, 2.88) | 0.03 | 0.97 (0.62, 1.54) | 0.9 | 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) | 0.9 |
Household size, ≥5 persons | 1.25 (0.82, 1.91) | 0.3 | 0.80 (0.56, 1.13) | 0.2 | 0.64 (0.47, 0.88) | 0.005 |
Wealth index | 0.9 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | |||
1. Quintile (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2. Quintile | 1.05 (0.57, 1.93) | 2.41 (1.4, 4.15) | 1.40 (0.92, 2.14) | |||
3. Quintile | 0.77 (0.43, 1.4) | 2.03 (1.17, 3.51) | 1.81 (1.17, 2.8) | |||
4. Quintile | 0.93 (0.48, 1.78) | 5.05 (2.92, 8.74) | 1.27 (0.81, 1.99) | |||
5. Quintile (highest) | 0.91 (0.46, 1.79) | 10.17 (5.67, 18.22) | 2.74 (1.65, 4.54) | |||
Land ownership | 1.06 (0.58, 1.93) | 0.9 | 0.97 (0.57, 1.65) | 0.9 | 0.77 (0.47, 1.26) | 0.3 |
Internet use | 1.36 (0.85, 2.18) | 0.2 | 1.28 (0.89, 1.83) | 0.2 | 1.07 (0.76, 1.5) | 0.7 |
Firewood is bought | 0.80 (0.52, 1.23) | 0.3 | 1.09 (0.76, 1.55) | 0.6 | 1.28 (0.92, 1.77) | 0.1 |
Stove programme | 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.1 | |||
IIN | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Sembrando | 2.32 (0.74, 7.25) | 1.04 (0.44, 2.47) | 1.48 (0.73, 2.98) | |||
Juntos | 2.37 (0.68, 8.27) | 2.61 (0.99, 6.9) | 0.80 (0.36, 1.78) | |||
Municipalidad | 3.21 (0.75, 13.76) | 1.13 (0.4, 3.21) | 0.66 (0.27, 1.64) | |||
NINA | 1.42 (0.28, 7.32) | 1.43 (0.47, 4.34) | 0.51 (0.19, 1.39) | |||
others (various, <5%) | 3.91 (1.11, 13.78) | 1.39 (0.57, 3.43) | 0.93 (0.45, 1.93) | |||
Year of stove programme participation | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |||
≤2008 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
2009 | 0.48 (0.13, 1.86) | 0.54 (0.2, 1.46) | 0.96 (0.43, 2.14) | |||
2010 | 0.33 (0.09, 1.24) | 0.90 (0.36, 2.26) | 1.00 (0.46, 2.17) | |||
2011 | 0.41 (0.11, 1.61) | 0.87 (0.34, 2.25) | 1.24 (0.53, 2.91) | |||
2012 | 0.77 (0.19, 3.22) | 1.61 (0.62, 4.16) | 1.42 (0.62, 3.25) | |||
2013 | 0.31 (0.07, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.33, 2.88) | 3.23 (1.18, 8.84) | |||
Problems with IS | 0.62 (0.41, 0.93) | 0.02 | 1.13 (0.8, 1.6) | 0.5 | 0.65 (0.48, 0.88) | 0.005 |
Knowledge of somebody who can build IS | 2.01 (1.24, 3.27) | 0.01 | 0.68 (0.47, 0.98) | 0.04 | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 0.9 |
IS parts can be obtained in community | 0.84 (0.51, 1.39) | 0.5 | 1.23 (0.81, 1.87) | 0.3 | 1.48 (1, 2.2) | 0.05 |
Local authorities/leaders support IS use | 0.94 (0.58, 1.52) | 0.8 | 0.85 (0.57, 1.26) | 0.4 | 0.99 (0.7, 1.39) | 0.9 |
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Wolf, J.; Mäusezahl, D.; Verastegui, H.; Hartinger, S.M. Adoption of Clean Cookstoves after Improved Solid Fuel Stove Programme Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Peruvian Andean Regions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070745
Wolf J, Mäusezahl D, Verastegui H, Hartinger SM. Adoption of Clean Cookstoves after Improved Solid Fuel Stove Programme Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Peruvian Andean Regions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(7):745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070745
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolf, Jennyfer, Daniel Mäusezahl, Hector Verastegui, and Stella M. Hartinger. 2017. "Adoption of Clean Cookstoves after Improved Solid Fuel Stove Programme Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Peruvian Andean Regions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070745