Chitosan/Virgin-Coconut-Oil-Based System Enriched with Cubosomes: A 3D Drug-Delivery Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structural and Morphological Features
2.2. Mechanical Properties
2.3. Stability and Degree of Swelling
2.4. Release Study
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. Cubosome Preparation
3.2.2. Preparation of CHT/VCO-Based Emulsion Scaffolds
3.3. Characterization
3.3.1. Dynamic Light-Scattering (DLS) Measurements
3.3.2. Small-Angle X-ray-Scattering (SAXS) Measurements
3.3.3. Scanning Electron Microscope
3.3.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.3.5. Mechanical Properties
3.3.6. Swelling
3.3.7. Diclofenac-Release Quantification
3.3.8. Confocal Analysis
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cub | Mean Diameter (nm) |
---|---|
Cub | 215 ± 30 |
Cub_D | 215 ± 12 |
CV_Cub 1 | 550 ± 37 |
CV_CubD 1 | 748 ± 90 |
Sample | Mean Diameter | |
---|---|---|
Cubosomes (nm) | Oil Droplets (µm) | |
Cub_NR | 307.8 ± 28.2 | - |
CV_NR | - | 3.43 ± 1.01 |
CV_Cub_NR | 728.3 ± 112.0 | 3.00 ± 0.97 |
Identification | CHT (%) | VCO (%) | Gly (%) | Cubosomes (%) | Diclofenac (%) | Loaded Cubosomes (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV | 98 | 1 | 1 | _ | _ | _ |
CV_Cub | 97 | 1 | 1 | 1 | _ | _ |
CV_CubD | 97 | 1 | 1 | _ | _ | 1 |
CV_D | 97 | 1 | 1 | _ | 1 | _ |
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Silva, S.S.; Rodrigues, L.C.; Fernandes, E.M.; Soares da Costa, D.; Villalva, D.G.; Loh, W.; Reis, R.L. Chitosan/Virgin-Coconut-Oil-Based System Enriched with Cubosomes: A 3D Drug-Delivery Approach. Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21070394
Silva SS, Rodrigues LC, Fernandes EM, Soares da Costa D, Villalva DG, Loh W, Reis RL. Chitosan/Virgin-Coconut-Oil-Based System Enriched with Cubosomes: A 3D Drug-Delivery Approach. Marine Drugs. 2023; 21(7):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21070394
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Simone S., Luísa C. Rodrigues, Emanuel M. Fernandes, Diana Soares da Costa, Denise G. Villalva, Watson Loh, and Rui L. Reis. 2023. "Chitosan/Virgin-Coconut-Oil-Based System Enriched with Cubosomes: A 3D Drug-Delivery Approach" Marine Drugs 21, no. 7: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21070394