An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Gastric Histology Was Accurately Recognised
3.2. Subepithelial Telocytes (TCs) Are a Mixture of Blood and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells
4. Discussion
4.1. The Lymphatics of the Gastrointestinal Tract Were Poorly Documented
4.2. Expression of CD44 in the Gastric Mucosa
4.3. Subepithelial ‘Telocytes’ Were Previously Studied as ‘Fibrocytes’ and as ‘Pericryptal Fibroblasts’
4.4. The Markers Used on Gut Subepithelial Cells Are Not Enough for a Positive Diagnosis of Telocytes
4.5. Critical Mini-Review of the Studies Used to Assess Subepithelial Telocytes
4.6. The Interstitial Organ: TC-Like Cells Limit Prelymphatic Spaces
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CSC | crypt stromal cell |
Cx43 | Connexin 43 |
FOXL1 | winged helix transcriptional factor |
LEC | lymphatic endothelial cell |
PDGFR | platelet-derived growth factor receptor |
PF | pericryptal fibroblast |
SETC | subepithelial telocyte |
TC | telocyte |
TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
References
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Organ | Intramural Lymphatics | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Oesophagus (human) | Lymphatic plexuses in the lamina propria, submucosa and muscularis propria | [30] |
Stomach (rabbit) | Blind-ending lymphatic capillaries in the deep mucosa; layered lymphatic plexuses in the submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa | [31] |
Stomach (Wistar rat) | Initial lymphatics in the mucosa, built-up by extremely thin endothelial cells. Submucosa, myenteric and serosal lymphatic networks. | [32] |
Jejunum (Japanese monkey) | Central lymphatics in the villi are connected to an irregular mucosal lymphatic network consisting of tubular lymphatics. Tubulo-saccular lymphatics build a submucosa mesh-like network. Within the muscularis propria lies a maze-like lymphatic network. The lymphatic networks are independent of the blood vessels. | [33] |
Small intestine (rat) | Lacteals in the villi fuse and form a wide sinus at the villous base which further drains into a submucosa lymphatic plexus. The coarse myenteric lymphatic plexus and the submucosa one drain through collecting lymphatics towards the mesenteric ones. | [34] |
Large intestine (dog) | Superficial and deep lymphatic networks in the lamina propria, beneath the blood capillary networks. Thicker lymphatics and denser networks in the submucosa. Two efferent paths to the subserosa collecting trunks, a direct one and a minor one, the later supplemented by the lymphatics of the muscularis propria. | [35] |
Papers Which Support the Use of the Term ‘Telocytes’ for Subepithelial Mesenchymal Cells | TCs Identified in Light Microscopy (LM) | TCs Identified in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) | TCs Were Differentiated from LECs |
---|---|---|---|
‘Identification of telocytes in the lamina propria of rat duodenum: transmission electron microscopy’ [60] | (+): LM on semithin sections | (+) | (–) |
‘Telocytes, a distinct type of cell among the stromal cells present in the lamina propria of jejunum’ [59] | (+): LM on semithin sections | (+) | (–) |
‘Telocytes express PDGFRa in the human gastrointestinal tract’ [10] | (+): IF, IHC | (–) | (–) |
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Toader, O.D.; Rusu, M.C.; Mogoantă, L.; Hostiuc, S.; Jianu, A.M.; Ilie, A.C. An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells. Medicina 2019, 55, 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070316
Toader OD, Rusu MC, Mogoantă L, Hostiuc S, Jianu AM, Ilie AC. An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells. Medicina. 2019; 55(7):316. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070316
Chicago/Turabian StyleToader, Oana D., Mugurel C. Rusu, Laurenţiu Mogoantă, Sorin Hostiuc, Adelina Maria Jianu, and Adrian Cosmin Ilie. 2019. "An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells" Medicina 55, no. 7: 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070316