Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fractures, Falls and Vitamin D
3. Cancer and Vitamin D
4. Extraskeletal Diseases and Vitamin D
5. Mortality and Vitamin D
6. Reference Values for Dietary Intake of Vitamin D
7. Definition and Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency
8. Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency
9. Future Perspectives
10. UV-Effects beyond Vitamin D
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Meta-Analyses | Biomarker | Meta-Analysis Metric | No. of Patients/Studies | No. of Events | Relative Risk | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fractures and falls | |||||||
Bischoff-Ferrari H. 2012 [11] | 25(OH)D | HR | 31,022 patients | 1111 incident hip fractures | hip fracture: 0.90 | hip fracture: 0.80, 1.01; | NR |
3770 nonvertebral fractures | nonvertebral fracture: 0.93 | nonvertebral fracture: 0.87, 0.99 | |||||
Murad M.H. 2011 [17] | 25(OH)D | OR | 45,782 patients | OR for suffering at least one fall 0.86 | 0.77, 0.96 | NR | |
Cancer incidence and cancer mortality | |||||||
Yin L. 2013 [28] | 25(OH)D | RR | 5 studies | total cancer incidence 0.89 | 0.81, 0.97 | 0.01 | |
13 studies | total cancer mortality 0.83 | 0.71, 0.96 | <0.01 | ||||
Keum N. 2014 [31] | 25(OH)D | RR | 4 RCTs, 45,151 participants | 4333 cases | total cancer incidence 1.00 | 0.94, 1.06 | 0.998 |
3 RCTs, 44,260 participants | 1190 deaths | total cancer mortality 0.88 | 0.78, 0.98 | 0.02 | |||
Cardiovascular mortality | |||||||
Chowdhury R. 2014 [73] | 25(OH)D | RR | 29 studies, 101,649 participants | 10,203 events | Cardiovascular mortality 1.43 | 1.25, 1.64 | 0.96 |
Vulnerable Populations for Vitamin D Deficiency—Whom to Screen? |
---|
Patients with rickets and osteomalacia |
Patients with osteoporosis |
Patients with chronic kidney disease |
Patients with hepatic failure |
Patients with malabsorption syndromes |
Patients with cystic fibrosis |
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease |
Patients with bariatric surgery |
Patients with radiation enteritis |
Patients with hyperparathyroidism |
Patients with lymphomas |
Patients with medications including antiseizure medications, glucocorticoids, anti-retroviral medications, antifungals, cholestyramine |
African-American and Hispanic individuals |
Pregnant and lactating women |
Older adults with history of falls |
Older adults with history of nontraumatic fractures |
Obese individuals |
Patients with granuloma-forming disorders, including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, etc. |
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Trummer, C.; Pandis, M.; Verheyen, N.; Grübler, M.R.; Gaksch, M.; Obermayer-Pietsch, B.; Tomaschitz, A.; Pieber, T.R.; Pilz, S.; Schwetz, V. Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101028
Trummer C, Pandis M, Verheyen N, Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Tomaschitz A, Pieber TR, Pilz S, Schwetz V. Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(10):1028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101028
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrummer, Christian, Marlene Pandis, Nicolas Verheyen, Martin R. Grübler, Martin Gaksch, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Andreas Tomaschitz, Thomas R. Pieber, Stefan Pilz, and Verena Schwetz. 2016. "Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 10: 1028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101028
APA StyleTrummer, C., Pandis, M., Verheyen, N., Grübler, M. R., Gaksch, M., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Tomaschitz, A., Pieber, T. R., Pilz, S., & Schwetz, V. (2016). Beneficial Effects of UV-Radiation: Vitamin D and beyond. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(10), 1028. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13101028