Low-Operating-Temperature NO2 Sensor Based on a CeO2/ZnO Heterojunction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Preparation of ZnO and CeO2/ZnO
2.2. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological and Structural Characteristics
3.2. Gas-Sensing Properties
3.3. Sensing Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Atkinson, R.W.; Butland, B.K.; Anderson, H.R.; Maynard, R.L. Long-term Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Epidemiology 2018, 29, 460–472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Orellano, P.; Reynoso, J.; Quaranta, N.; Bardach, A.; Ciapponi, A. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Int. 2020, 142, 105876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rumsey, D.W.; Cesta, R.P. Odor Threshold Levels for UDMH and NO2. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1970, 31, 339–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wenchao, T.; Xiaohan, L.; Wenbo, Y. Research Progress of Gas Sensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives: A Review. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1118. [Google Scholar]
- Rianjanu, A.; Fauzi, F.; Triyana, K.; Wasisto, H.S. Electrospun Nanofibers for Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensors: A Review. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2021, 4, 9957–9975. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rezki, M.; Septiani, N.L.W.; Iqbal, M.; Adhika, D.R.; Wenten, I.G.; Yuliarto, B. Review—Recent Advance in Multi-Metallic Metal Organic Frameworks (MM-MOF) and their Derivatives for Electrochemical Biosensor Application. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021. [CrossRef]
- Rebelo, P.; Costa-Rama, E.; Seguro, I.; Pacheco, J.G.; Nouws, H.P.A.; Cordeiro, M.N.D.S.; Delerue-Matos, C. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for environmental analysis. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2021, 172, 112719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Yin, L.; Zhang, L.; Xiang, D.; Gao, R. Metal oxide gas sensors: Sensitivity and influencing factors. Sensors 2010, 10, 2088–2106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, G.; Sun, Z.; Zhang, D.; Xu, Q.; Meng, L.; Qin, Y. Mechanism of Sensitivity Enhancement of a ZnO Nanofilm Gas Sensor by UV Light Illumination. ACS Sens. 2019, 4, 1577–1585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Y.H.; Li, Y.L.; Gong, F.L.; Xie, K.F.; Liu, M.; Zhang, H.L.; Fang, S.M. Al doped narcissus-like ZnO for enhanced NO2 sensing performance: An experimental and DFT investigation. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2020, 305, 127489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Righettoni, M.; Tricoli, A.; Pratsinis, S.E. Thermally Stable, Silica-Doped ε-WO3 for Sensing of Acetone in the Human Breath. Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 3152–3157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, J.; Wang, T.Y.; Li, T.T.; Yu, H.; Dong, X.T. Enhanced NOx Gas Sensing Properties of Ordered Mesoporous WO3/ZnO Prepared by Electroless Plating. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 5, 1701167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bai, X.; Lv, H.; Liu, Z.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Sun, B.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, R.; Shi, K.J. Thin-layered MoS2 nanoflakes vertically grown on SnO2 nanotubes as highly effective room-temperature NO2 gas sensor. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 416, 125830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gu, D.; Wang, X.; Liu, W.; Li, X.; Lin, S.; Wang, J.; Rumyantseva, M.N.; Gaskov, A.M.; Akbar, S.A. Visible-light Activated Room Temperature NO2 Sensing of SnS2 Nanosheets Based Chemiresistive Sensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2020, 305, 127455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shaikh, S.F.; Ghule, B.G.; Nakate, U.T.; Shinde, P.V.; Ekar, S.U.; Colm, O.; Ho, K.K.; Mane, R.S. Low-Temperature Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction Grown Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystalline Films for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell and Gas Sensor Applications. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 11016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vijayalakshmi, K.; Renitta, A. Enhanced hydrogen sensing performance of tungsten activated ZnO nanorod arrays prepared on conductive ITO substrate. Ceram. Int. 2015, 41, 14315–14325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, R.; Al-Dossary, O.; Kumar, G.; Umar, A. Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for NO2 Gas–Sensor Applications: A Review. Nano-Micro Lett. 2015, 7, 97–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sun, Y.; Chen, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Li, P.; Zhang, W.; Leprince-Wang, Y.; Hu, J. Synthesis of MoO3/WO3 composite nanostructures for highly sensitive ethanol and acetone detection. J. Mater. Sci. 2016, 52, 1561–1572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, C.; Li, H.; Chem, L. ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Ceria-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 8475–8505. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Serpone, N.; Maruthamuthu, P.; Pichat, P.; Pelizzetti, E.; Hidaka, H. Exploiting the interparticle electron transfer process in the photocatalysed oxidation of phenol, 2-chlorophenol and pentachlorophenol: Chemical evidence for electron and hole transfer between coupled semiconductors. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 1995, 85, 247–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sherly, E.D.; Vijaya, J.J.; Kennedy, L.J. Effect of CeO2 coupling on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticle. J. Mol. Struct. 2015, 1099, 114–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saravanan, R.; Joicy, S.; Gupta, V.K.; Narayanan, V.; Stephen, A.J. Visible light induced degradation of methylene blue using CeO2/V2O5 and CeO2/CuO catalysts. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2013, 33, 4725–4731. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsueh, T.J.; Peng, C.H.; Chen, W.S. A transparent ZnO nanowire MEMS gas sensor prepared by an ITO micro-heater. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2020, 304, 127319. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khodami, Z.; Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A. Investigation of photocatalytic effect of ZnO–SnO2/nano clinoptilolite system in the photodegradation of aqueous mixture of 4-methylbenzoic acid/2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 2015, 409, 59–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lian, S.; Huang, H.; Zhang, J.; Kang, Z.; Liu, Y. One-step solvothermal synthesis of ZnO–carbon composite spheres containing different amounts of carbon and their use as visible light photocatalysts. Solid State Commun. 2013, 155, 53–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhella, S.S.; Shafi, S.P.; Trobec, F.; Bieringer, M.; Thangadurai, V. In-Situ Powder X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Reaction Pathways for the BaCO3−CeO2−In2O3 and CeO2−In2O3 Systems. Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 1699–1704. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ji, W.Y.; Kim, J.S.; Kim, T.H.; Hong, Y.J.; Yun, C.K.; Lee, J.H. A New Strategy for Humidity Independent Oxide Chemiresistors: Dynamic Self-Refreshing of In2O3 Sensing Surface Assisted by Layer-by-Layer Coated CeO2 Nanoclusters. Small 2016, 12, 4229–4240. [Google Scholar]
- Ye, Z.; Li, J.; Zhou, M.; Wang, H.; Ma, Y.; Huo, P.; Yu, L.; Yan, Y. Well-dispersed nebula-like ZnO/CeO2@HNTs heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline. Chem. Eng. J. 2016, 304, 917–933. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A.; Bahrami, M. Investigation of the photocatalytic activity of supported ZnO–TiO2 on clinoptilolite nano-particles towards photodegradation of wastewater-contained phenol. Desalin. Water Treat. 2015, 55, 1096–1104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wetchakun, N.; Chaiwichain, S.; Inceesungvorn, B.; Pingmuang, K.; Phanichphant, S.; Minett, A.I.; Chen, J. BiVO4/CeO2 Nanocomposites with High Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Activity. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 3718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Samuels, A.C.; Zhu, C.; Williams, B.R.; Ben-David, A.; Miles, R.W.; Hulet, M. Improving the Linearity of Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy Data for Quantitative Analysis: An Application in Quantifying Organophosphorus Contamination in Soil. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 408–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Subhan, M.A.; Uddin, N.; Sarker, P.; Nakata, H.; Makioka, R. Synthesis, characterization, low temperature solid state PL and photocatalytic activities of Ag2O·CeO2·ZnO nanocomposite. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2015, 151, 56–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, X.; Wang, G.; Xie, S.; Shi, J.; Wei, L.; Tong, E.; Li, Y. Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over hydrogenated ZnO nanorod arrays. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 7717–7719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qian, J.; Chen, Z.; Liu, C.; Lu, X.; Wang, F.; Wang, M. Improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of CeO2 microspheres obtained by using lotus flower pollen as biotemplate. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 2014, 25, 27–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.; Zhou, K.; Wang, L.; Wang, B.; Li, Y. Oxygen Vacancy Clusters Promoting Reducibility and Activity of Ceria Nanorods. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3140–3141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chao, L.; Tang, X.; Mo, C.; Qiang, Z. Characterization and activity of visible-light-driven TiO2 photocatalyst codoped with nitrogen and cerium. J. Solid State Chem. 2008, 181, 913–919. [Google Scholar]
- Al-Kuhaili, M.F.; Durrani, S.; Bakhtiari, I.A. Carbon monoxide gas-sensing properties of CeO2–ZnO thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2008, 255, 3033–3039. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Wang, Z.; Huang, B.; Ma, Y.; Liu, Y.; Qin, X.; Zhang, X.; Dai, Y. Oxygen Vacancy Induced Band-Gap Narrowing and Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 4024–4030. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsai, F.S.; Wang, S.J. Enhanced sensing performance of relative humidity sensors using laterally grown ZnO nanosheets. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2014, 193, 280–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Gu, D.; Li, X.; Lin, S.; Zhao, S.; Rumyantseva, M.N.; Gaskov, A.M. Reduced graphene oxide hybridized with WS2 nanoflakes based heterojunctions for selective ammonia sensors at room temperature. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2019, 282, 290–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, L.; Fan, H.; Tian, H.; Fang, J.; Qian, X. The n-ZnO/n-In2O3 heterojunction formed by a surface-modification and their potential barrier-control in methanal gas sensing. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2016, 222, 508–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, K.; Gu, S.; Wu, Y.; Fan, Q.; Zhu, C. Preparation of pyramidal SnO/CeO2 nano-heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline. Nanotechnology 2020, 31, 215702. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhao, L.; Chen, Y.; Li, X.; Lin, S.; Li, T. Room Temperature Formaldehyde Sensing of Hollow SnO2/ZnO Heterojunctions under UV-LED Activation. IEEE Sens. J. 2019, 19, 7207–7214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fa Isal, M.; Khan, S.B.; Rahman, M.M.; Jamal, A.; Abdullah, M.M. Role of ZnO-CeO2 Nanostructures as a Photo-catalyst and Chemi-sensor. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2011, 27, 594–600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Sun, K.; Zhan, G.; Chen, H.; Lin, S. Low-Operating-Temperature NO2 Sensor Based on a CeO2/ZnO Heterojunction. Sensors 2021, 21, 8269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248269
Sun K, Zhan G, Chen H, Lin S. Low-Operating-Temperature NO2 Sensor Based on a CeO2/ZnO Heterojunction. Sensors. 2021; 21(24):8269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248269
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Kai, Guanghui Zhan, Hande Chen, and Shiwei Lin. 2021. "Low-Operating-Temperature NO2 Sensor Based on a CeO2/ZnO Heterojunction" Sensors 21, no. 24: 8269. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248269