Statistical Extraction Method for Revealing Key Factors from Posture before Initiating Successful Throwing Technique in Judo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- We have developed a system based on a statistical approach, called the Extraction for Successful Movements method (XSM method), that extracts the key factors by applying a dataset of available factors from body parts at a posture before a target movement. The dataset is captured from throwing scenes in videos recorded during matches.
- We have developed a method that finds differences among groups by projecting a subset of the dataset against attributes (gender difference, weight class, etc.). This function is included in the XSM method.
- According to effective results experimentally demonstrated regarding the throwing technique in judo, we have proved that the XSM method is able to becomes an effective method that finds key factors for a successful target movement.
2. Backgrounds and Definitions
2.1. Methodologies for Learning Motor Skills in Sports
2.2. Classifications and Training Methods for Throwing Techniques in Judo
2.3. Discussion
3. Extraction for Successful Movement Method Applying to Judo
3.1. Overview of Method
3.2. Selecting Candidate Factors for Successful Throwing Techniques in Judo
3.3. Data Pickup from Video in Judo Match
3.4. Statistical Analysis According to Test and Residual Analysis
4. Experimental Analysis Examples
4.1. Experimental Setup
4.2. Analysis Example without Projection
4.3. Analysis Example Projected by Gender Difference
4.4. Discussion for Experimental Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Candidate Factors | ||
---|---|---|
Depth = 1 | Depth = 2 | Depth = 3 |
Head height | Head height | No difference |
Tori’s chin above Uke’s parietal | ||
Tori’s parietal below Uke’s chin | ||
Body contact | Body contact | Untouched |
Touched | ||
Body position | Tori’s upper body | Natural |
Defensive | ||
Uke’s upper body | Natural | |
Defensive | ||
Uke’s position against Tori’s shoulders | Front | |
Right | ||
Left | ||
Uke’s position against Tori’s legs | Front | |
Right | ||
Left | ||
Tori’s position against Uke’s shoulders | Front | |
Right | ||
Left | ||
Tori’s position against Uke’s legs | Front | |
Right | ||
Left | ||
Arm position | Tori’s right arm action | No effect |
Arm | ||
Front | ||
Back | ||
Reverse | ||
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s right arm | Outside | |
Inside | ||
Tori’s left arm action | No effect | |
Arm | ||
Front | ||
Back | ||
Reverse | ||
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s left arm | Outside | |
Inside | ||
Uke’s right arm action | No effect | |
Arm | ||
Front | ||
Back | ||
Reverse | ||
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s right arm | Outside | |
Inside | ||
Uke’s left arm action | No effect | |
Arm | ||
Front | ||
Back | ||
Reverse | ||
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s left arm | Outside | |
Inside |
Techniques | Male | Female | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Hand | 121 | 73 | 194 |
Hip | 65 | 66 | 131 |
Foot | 169 | 128 | 297 |
Sacrifice | 65 | 94 | 159 |
Classification of Throwing Techniques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key Factor | Action | Hand | Hip | Foot | Sacrifice |
Head height | No difference | - | - | - | - |
Tori’s chin above Uke’s parietal | - | - | - | - | |
Tori’s parietal below Uke’s chin | - | - | - | - | |
Body contact | Untouched | 3.03 | 1.35 | −1.48 | −3.13 |
Touched | −4.02 | −1.56 | 1.37 | 2.50 | |
Tori’s upper body | Natural | 2.30 | 2.18 | 0.73 | −6.68 |
Defensive | −2.72 | −2.69 | −0.76 | 4.52 | |
Uke’s upper body | Natural | 1.31 | 0.48 | 1.99 | −5.22 |
Defensive | −1.43 | −0.50 | −2.19 | 3.81 | |
Uke’s position against Tori’s shoulders | Front | 1.54 | 3.11 | −2.24 | −2.50 |
Right | −5.51 | −4.04 | 5.71 | −1.04 | |
Left | 2.76 | −0.90 | −14.72 | 3.51 | |
Uke’s position against Tori’s legs | Front | 3.06 | 1.89 | −5.01 | −0.05 |
Right | −6.35 | −1.76 | 6.33 | −2.96 | |
Left | 1.74 | −0.84 | −6.55 | 2.92 | |
Tori’s position against Uke’s shoulders | Front | −1.61 | 2.94 | 1.24 | −3.07 |
Right | 2.72 | −8.79 | −4.25 | 3.82 | |
Left | −1.71 | 0.76 | 1.98 | −2.13 | |
Tori’s position against Uke’s legs | Front | −0.60 | 3.24 | −1.66 | −0.81 |
Right | 2.63 | −7.11 | −2.36 | 2.67 | |
Left | −2.83 | −0.12 | 3.51 | −2.73 | |
Tori’s right arm action | No effect | 4.82 | −2.62 | −4.81 | −0.72 |
Arm | −4.16 | 5.59 | −5.81 | 1.70 | |
Front | 0.90 | −8.10 | 2.56 | 0.13 | |
Back | −12.32 | 1.01 | 5.17 | −3.06 | |
Reverse | 2.61 | −12.34 | −1.31 | 1.04 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s right arm | Outside | −4.49 | 3.09 | 1.33 | −0.37 |
Inside | 3.48 | −4.31 | −1.42 | 0.36 | |
Tori’s left arm action | No effect | 0.56 | 0.27 | 0.81 | −3.14 |
Arm | −2.52 | 2.05 | 2.08 | −2.28 | |
Front | 3.20 | −0.78 | −1.60 | −1.73 | |
Back | −3.36 | −4.43 | −2.84 | 4.43 | |
Reverse | −0.09 | −1.20 | −0.01 | 0.85 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s left arm | Outside | - | - | - | - |
Inside | - | - | - | - | |
Uke’s right arm action | No effect | 0.56 | 0.36 | 1.16 | −3.06 |
Arm | −3.24 | 1.77 | 2.44 | −2.24 | |
Front | 3.02 | 0.18 | −5.60 | 1.64 | |
Back | −1.45 | −4.27 | −1.06 | 3.48 | |
Reverse | −0.81 | −2.41 | 2.76 | −3.42 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s right arm | Outside | - | - | - | - |
Inside | - | - | - | - | |
Uke’s left arm action | No effect | 4.34 | −0.53 | −5.80 | 0.35 |
Arm | 0.55 | −3.41 | −0.76 | 2.52 | |
Front | −5.56 | 1.61 | 3.48 | −2.34 | |
Back | −3.28 | 1.86 | 1.80 | −2.11 | |
Reverse | 0.02 | −0.23 | 0.18 | −0.04 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s left arm | Outside | 4.37 | −2.40 | −4.03 | 1.46 |
Inside | −6.41 | 2.00 | 3.38 | −1.64 |
Classification of Throwing Techniques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key Factor | Action | Hand | Hip | Foot | Sacrifice |
Head height | No difference | - | - | - | - |
Tori’s chin above Uke’s parietal | - | - | - | - | |
Tori’s parietal below Uke’s chin | - | - | - | - | |
Body contact | Untouched | 1.78 | 2.14 | −1.34 | −3.11 |
Touched | −2.14 | −3.15 | 1.23 | 2.24 | |
Tori’s upper body | Natural | 1.66 | 1.81 | 1.18 | −7.90 |
Defensive | −1.93 | −2.35 | −1.28 | 4.16 | |
Uke’s upper body | Natural | 1.16 | 0.51 | 1.97 | −7.11 |
Defensive | −1.28 | −0.55 | −2.24 | 3.88 | |
Uke’s position against Tori’s shoulders | Front | 0.86 | 1.84 | −2.89 | 0.57 |
Right | −5.06 | −2.29 | 5.00 | −3.44 | |
Left | 2.69 | −0.60 | −10.23 | 1.83 | |
Uke’s position against Tori’s legs | Front | 2.30 | 0.40 | −4.83 | 2.11 |
Right | −4.87 | 0.28 | 4.97 | −8.12 | |
Left | 1.24 | −1.26 | −2.90 | 1.79 | |
Tori’s position against Uke’s shoulders | Front | −0.06 | 2.44 | −1.19 | −1.09 |
Right | 1.50 | −5.73 | −0.94 | 1.66 | |
Left | −2.05 | −0.42 | 2.10 | −0.86 | |
Tori’s position against Uke’s legs | Front | 0.58 | 2.26 | −2.63 | 0.07 |
Right | 1.68 | −4.26 | −0.10 | 0.38 | |
Left | −3.19 | −0.48 | 2.61 | −0.48 | |
Tori’s right arm action | No effect | 4.02 | −2.19 | −5.63 | −0.20 |
Arm | −3.70 | 4.43 | −6.36 | 2.59 | |
Front | 0.26 | −6.32 | 2.77 | −0.89 | |
Back | −9.00 | 0.26 | 3.86 | −1.30 | |
Reverse | 2.39 | - | 0.46 | −4.84 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s right arm | Outside | −3.50 | 3.22 | −0.01 | 0.30 |
Inside | 2.75 | −5.59 | 0.01 | −0.31 | |
Tori’s left arm action | No effect | −0.57 | 0.42 | 1.02 | −2.51 |
Arm | −0.58 | 1.55 | 1.26 | −3.16 | |
Front | 1.20 | −0.32 | −0.77 | −0.32 | |
Back | −1.84 | −3.93 | −1.74 | 3.06 | |
Reverse | 0.83 | - | −1.34 | 1.33 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s left arm | Outside | - | - | - | - |
Inside | - | - | - | - | |
Uke’s right arm action | No effect | 0.10 | −0.24 | 0.49 | −0.62 |
Arm | −2.24 | 2.07 | 1.32 | −2.16 | |
Front | 2.60 | −1.09 | −3.24 | 0.96 | |
Back | −1.94 | −1.52 | −0.10 | 2.25 | |
Reverse | −0.10 | −1.99 | 1.82 | - | |
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s right arm | Outside | - | - | - | - |
Inside | - | - | - | - | |
Uke’s left arm action | No effect | 3.98 | −0.06 | −6.38 | 0.24 |
Arm | −0.31 | −0.79 | −0.15 | 1.19 | |
Front | −6.41 | 0.62 | 3.79 | −1.78 | |
Back | −1.20 | 0.66 | 1.02 | −1.05 | |
Reverse | 0.48 | - | −1.13 | 1.12 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s left arm | Outside | 4.23 | −3.72 | −2.76 | 0.84 |
Inside | −6.96 | 2.59 | 2.35 | −0.94 |
Classification of Throwing Techniques | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Key factor | Action | Hand | Hip | Foot | Sacrifice |
Head height | No difference | - | - | - | - |
Tori’s chin above Uke’s parietal | - | - | - | - | |
Tori’s parietal below Uke’s chin | - | - | - | - | |
Body contact | Untouched | 2.75 | −0.44 | −0.66 | −1.68 |
Touched | −4.71 | 0.41 | 0.63 | 1.43 | |
Tori’s upper body | Natural | 1.58 | 1.27 | −0.24 | −-2.67 |
Defensive | −1.93 | −1.50 | 0.24 | 2.15 | |
Uke’s upper body | Natural | - | - | - | - |
Defensive | - | - | - | - | |
Uke’s position against Tori’s shoulders | Front | 0.90 | 2.67 | −0.53 | −3.47 |
Right | −2.30 | −3.66 | 3.18 | 0.18 | |
Left | 1.16 | −0.71 | −10.53 | 2.99 | |
Uke’s position against Tori’s legs | Front | 1.59 | 2.33 | −2.56 | −1.55 |
Right | −3.46 | −3.28 | 4.21 | −0.58 | |
Left | 1.29 | −0.10 | −7.95 | 2.30 | |
Tori’s position against Uke’s shoulders | Front | −2.89 | 1.79 | 2.78 | −2.90 |
Right | 2.55 | −6.92 | −5.70 | 3.40 | |
Left | −0.35 | 1.32 | 0.55 | −2.13 | |
Tori’s position against Uke’s legs | Front | −1.86 | 2.34 | 0.29 | −1.11 |
Right | 2.21 | −5.96 | −3.64 | 2.89 | |
Left | -0.85 | 0.34 | 2.31 | −3.48 | |
Tori’s right arm action | No effect | 2.79 | −1.60 | −1.52 | -0.91 |
Arm | −1.99 | 3.40 | −2.06 | −0.50 | |
Front | 0.81 | −4.93 | 0.47 | 1.25 | |
Back | −8.51 | 1.10 | 3.47 | −3.14 | |
Reverse | 1.32 | −6.51 | −2.86 | 2.27 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s right arm | Outside | −2.35 | 0.82 | 2.22 | −1.33 |
Inside | 1.86 | −0.91 | −2.73 | 1.18 | |
Tori’s left arm action | No effect | 1.20 | −0.07 | −0.01 | −2.04 |
Arm | −3.64 | 1.37 | 1.68 | −0.40 | |
Front | 3.31 | −0.79 | −1.56 | −2.15 | |
Back | −3.19 | −2.69 | −2.27 | 3.19 | |
Reverse | −2.09 | 0.29 | 0.98 | −0.44 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Tori’s left arm | Outside | −1.41 | −0.03 | −1.36 | 2.54 |
Inside | 1.21 | 0.03 | 1.23 | −3.57 | |
Uke’s right arm action | No effect | 0.66 | 0.75 | 1.14 | −3.93 |
Arm | −2.80 | 0.36 | 2.08 | −0.87 | |
Front | 1.81 | 1.06 | −4.68 | 1.14 | |
Back | −0.13 | −6.51 | −1.65 | 2.71 | |
Reverse | −0.97 | −1.63 | 2.13 | −1.89 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s right arm | Outside | - | - | - | - |
Inside | - | - | - | - | |
Uke’s left arm action | No effect | 1.83 | −0.66 | −1.98 | 0.47 |
Arm | 1.22 | −4.67 | −0.94 | 2.24 | |
Front | −1.64 | 1.65 | 0.77 | −1.46 | |
Back | −4.20 | 1.84 | 1.58 | −2.13 | |
Reverse | −0.34 | 0.52 | 0.90 | −2.51 | |
Inside-outside relationship of Uke’s left arm | Outside | 1.70 | 0.06 | −3.01 | 1.29 |
Inside | −2.13 | −0.06 | 2.46 | −1.47 |
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Kato, S.; Yamagiwa, S. Statistical Extraction Method for Revealing Key Factors from Posture before Initiating Successful Throwing Technique in Judo. Sensors 2021, 21, 5884. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175884
Kato S, Yamagiwa S. Statistical Extraction Method for Revealing Key Factors from Posture before Initiating Successful Throwing Technique in Judo. Sensors. 2021; 21(17):5884. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175884
Chicago/Turabian StyleKato, Satoshi, and Shinichi Yamagiwa. 2021. "Statistical Extraction Method for Revealing Key Factors from Posture before Initiating Successful Throwing Technique in Judo" Sensors 21, no. 17: 5884. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175884