Metallomic Profile of Placental Tissue and Its Association with Maternal and Neonatal Parameters: A Cross-Sectional ICP-OES Study in Lower Silesia

The placenta, a temporary organ that connects mother and child for nutrient and metabolite exchange, becomes medical waste after birth but can provide valuable metabolic insights. Thirty-three placenta samples were analyzed using ICP-OES to determine concentrations of ten elements, including macro-, micro-, trace, and heavy metals. Results were compared with maternal and neonatal data, including Apgar scores, maternal age, and blood parameters. Correlations were found between elements (e.g., Ca–Mg, Fe–Zn, and Mn–Cu) and between mineral levels and maternal or infant parameters (e.g., Ca–RBC, Mn–Hb, Cu–PLT, and Cu–UA Pi). No quantifiable heavy metals were detected, nor associations with smoking, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, birth weight, or Apgar scores. Findings suggest that maintaining proper blood morphology and preventing anemia in pregnancy requires attention not only to iron but also to Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Mn²⁺ levels. Manganese and copper assessment may be beneficial for diagnostic purposes in pregnant women. Further large-scale tissue studies are recommended, including comprehensive maternal–fetal health data such as Doppler velocimetry of placental vessels.