Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) Regulates Cell Permissivity to HIV-1 Infection by Acting on HDAC6
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of the Expression and Cellular Localization of TDP-43
2.2. TDP-43 Stabilizes HDAC6 and Diminishes α-Tubulin Acetylation
2.3. TDP-43 Overexpression Inhibits HIV-1 Entry and Infection
2.4. TDP-43 Overexpression Inhibits HIV-1 Env-Mediated Pore Fusion Formation
2.5. Specific siRNA Silencing of Endogenous TDP-43 Decreases HDAC6 Protein Level, Increases α-Tubulin Acetylation and Enhances Cell Permissivity to HIV-1 Infection
2.6. TDP-43 Affects the Viral Function of Primary Viral Envs from Virus of HIV-1 Individuals with Different Clinical Phenotypes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Antibodies and Reagents
4.2. DNA Plasmids and Viral DNA Constructs
4.3. Primary Env Clones and Ethics Statement
4.4. Cells
4.5. Messenger RNA Silencing
4.6. RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR
4.7. RNA Sequencing
4.7.1. Library Preparation and Sequencing
4.7.2. Bioinformatic Analysis
4.8. Cell Fractioning
4.9. Western Blotting
4.10. Immunofluorescence and Confocal Microscopy Analysis
4.11. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.12. HIV-1 Env Mediated Cell-to-Cell Fusion Assay
4.13. Production of Viral Particles with Luciferase-Reporter Pseudoviruses
4.14. Luciferase Viral Entry and Infection Assay
4.15. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cabrera-Rodríguez, R.; Pérez-Yanes, S.; Montelongo, R.; Lorenzo-Salazar, J.M.; Estévez-Herrera, J.; García-Luis, J.; Íñigo-Campos, A.; Rubio-Rodríguez, L.A.; Muñoz-Barrera, A.; Trujillo-González, R.; et al. Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) Regulates Cell Permissivity to HIV-1 Infection by Acting on HDAC6. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116180
Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Yanes S, Montelongo R, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Estévez-Herrera J, García-Luis J, Íñigo-Campos A, Rubio-Rodríguez LA, Muñoz-Barrera A, Trujillo-González R, et al. Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) Regulates Cell Permissivity to HIV-1 Infection by Acting on HDAC6. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(11):6180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116180
Chicago/Turabian StyleCabrera-Rodríguez, Romina, Silvia Pérez-Yanes, Rafaela Montelongo, José M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Judith Estévez-Herrera, Jonay García-Luis, Antonio Íñigo-Campos, Luis A. Rubio-Rodríguez, Adrián Muñoz-Barrera, Rodrigo Trujillo-González, and et al. 2022. "Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein (TARDBP/TDP-43) Regulates Cell Permissivity to HIV-1 Infection by Acting on HDAC6" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11: 6180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116180