Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Untargeted Lipidomics and Metabolomics Profiling of COVID-19 Plasma
2.2. Molecules Alterations in COVID-19 Plasma
2.3. Lipids Are Strongly Involved in the Host Response to COVID-19
2.4. Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, and the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Are Involved in the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.5. Lipidomics and Metabolomics Alterations in Critical COVID-19 Patients
2.6. Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. Materials and Reagents
4.3. Sample Preparation for Metabolomics Analysis
4.4. GCxGC/TOFMS Analysis
4.5. Metabolomics Data Analysis
4.6. Quality Control of Metabolomics Analysis
4.7. Sample Preparation for Lipidomics Analysis
4.8. LC-MS/MS Analysis
4.9. Lipidomics Data Processing
4.10. Quality Control of Lipidomics Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Non-COVID-19 Patients | COVID-19 Patients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (58) | Healthy Control (n = 26) | Non-critical (n = 20) | Critical (n = 12) | Total (n = 103) | Non-critical (n = 84) | Critical (n = 19) | |
Sex (no.) | |||||||
Male | 23 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 61 | 48 | 13 |
Female | 29 | 15 | 11 | 6 | 42 | 36 | 6 |
Age (year) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 61.8 ± 15.4 | 50.1 ± 5.3 | 68.6 ± 8.9 | 67.4 ± 17.3 | 67.3 ± 18.0 | 59.7 ± 13.0 | 69.0 ± 18.5 |
Range | 38.0–96.0 | 42.0–56.0 | 56.0–82.0 | 38.0–96.0 | 21.0–107.0 | 21.0–76.0 | 29.0–107.0 |
Time from onset to admission (days) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 5.7 ± 10.0 | 7.7 ± 6.5 | 5.8 ± 7.2 | 5.8 ± 7.6 | 5.5 ± 5.0 | ||
Range | 1.0–45.0 | 1.0–12.0 | 1.0–32.0 | 1.0–32.0 | 1.0–19.0 | ||
Time from admission to severe (days) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 4.9 | 6.5 ± 7.3 | |||||
Range | 1.0–13.0 | 1.0–28.0 | |||||
Symptoms (n° of patients) | |||||||
Fever | 9 | 0 | 52 | 40 | 12 | ||
Cough | 5 | 0 | 34 | 25 | 13 | ||
Headache | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Fatigue | 1 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 0 | ||
Dyspnea | 4 | 0 | 27 | 23 | 4 | ||
Diarrhea | 2 | 1 | 13 | 9 | 4 | ||
Chest pain | 3 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Abdominal pain | 4 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 1 | ||
Vomiting | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Comorbidity (n°) | |||||||
Hypertension | 0 | 2 | 38 | 29 | 9 | ||
Diabetes | 0 | 1 | 17 | 12 | 5 | ||
Respiratory system | 1 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | ||
Cardiovascular system | 4 | 1 | 38 | 34 | 4 | ||
Other endocrine system | 0 | 0 | 12 | 9 | 3 | ||
Chronic kidney | 1 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 2 | ||
Digestive system | 2 | 0 | 16 | 15 | 1 | ||
Oxygen saturation index (%) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 85.5 ± 6.3 | 94.3 ± 3.8 | 90.7 ± 6.7 | 90.8 ± 6.4 | 90.3 ± 8.2 | ||
Range | 81.0–90.0 | 87.0–99.0 | 71.0–99.0 | 71.0–99.0 | 71.0–98.0 |
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Barberis, E.; Timo, S.; Amede, E.; Vanella, V.V.; Puricelli, C.; Cappellano, G.; Raineri, D.; Cittone, M.G.; Rizzi, E.; Pedrinelli, A.R.; et al. Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228623
Barberis E, Timo S, Amede E, Vanella VV, Puricelli C, Cappellano G, Raineri D, Cittone MG, Rizzi E, Pedrinelli AR, et al. Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(22):8623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228623
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarberis, Elettra, Sara Timo, Elia Amede, Virginia V. Vanella, Chiara Puricelli, Giuseppe Cappellano, Davide Raineri, Micol G. Cittone, Eleonora Rizzi, Anita R. Pedrinelli, and et al. 2020. "Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22: 8623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228623