Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Bacterial Biofilms and the Components of Biofilms
1.2. Current Status of Biofilm Inhibition
2. Gold and Silver Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents
3. Interaction of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Biofilm Components
3.1. Interactions with Biofilm Nucleic Acids
3.2. Interactions of Nanoparticles with Biofilm Proteins
3.3. Interactions of Nanoparticles with Biofilm Polysaccharides
3.4. Interactions of Nanoparticles with Biofilm Lipids
3.5. Effect of Physicochemical Properties of Nanoparticles and Biofilms on Interactions
4. Interactions Involved in Biofilm Resistance to the Nanoparticles
5. Conclusions and Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3D | Three-dimensional |
Ag+ | Silver ions |
AgNDs | Silver nanodiscs |
AgNPs | Silver nanoparticles |
AgNS | Silver nanospheres |
AgNtr | Silver nanotriangular plates |
AIP-I | Autoinducing peptide-I |
AMPs | Antimicrobial peptides |
ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
Au+ | Gold ions |
Au-Ag-NPs | Bimetallic hybrid gold–silver nanoparticles |
AuNFs | Gold nanoflowers |
AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
AuNRs | Gold nanorods |
AuNS | Gold nanospheres |
AuNSts | Gold nanostars |
BAP | Biofilm-associated protein |
bPEI | Branched polyethylenimine |
bPEI-AgNPs | Branched polyethylenimine coated silver nanoparticles |
bPEI-AuNPs | Branched polyethylenimine coated gold nanoparticles |
BslA | Biofilm surface layer protein A |
Chitosan-AgNPs | Chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles |
copA | Copper transporter gene |
cpsB | Capsular polysaccharide regulon gene |
CTAB | Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide |
CTAB-AuNPs | Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide coated gold nanoparticles |
Cyclic-di-GMP | Bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate |
DLS | Dynamic light scattering |
DLVO theory | Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory |
DSPE | 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine |
DSPE-AuNPs | 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine coated gold nanoparticles |
EbpA | Enterococcus faecalis pilus tip |
eDNA | Extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
EPS | Extracellular polymeric substances |
FapC | Amyloid-like fimbriae protein from Pseudomonas species |
FnBPs | Fibronectin binding proteins |
HSP-18 | Heat shock protein-18 |
LasI | Acyl-homoserine-lactone (AHL) synthase |
LasR | Transcriptional activator protein required for activation of elastase structural gene (LasB) |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
LpxC | UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (encoded by lpxC gene) |
MexAb-OprM | Outer membrane efflux protein from P. aeruginosa |
MreB | Cell shape determining protein of E. coli |
MvfR | Multiple virulence factor regulator protein from P. aeruginosa |
NIR | Near infrared |
NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
NRs | Nanorods |
PAA | Poly(acrylic acid) |
PAA-AuNPs | Poly(acrylic acid)-coated gold nanoparticles |
PAH-AuNPs | Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-coated gold nanoparticles |
PEG | Poly(ethyleneglycol) |
PEG-AuNPs | Poly(ethyleneglycol)-coated gold nanoparticles |
PEG-PSB-PALA-AgNAs | Poly(ethyleneglycol)-poly(aminopropyl imidazole aspartate)-polyalanine-coated silver nanoassemblies |
POPS-AgNPs | 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine-coated silver nanoparticles |
PS-AuNPs | Polystyrene-coated gold nanoparticles |
PT | Phosphorothioation |
PUFAs | Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
PVP | Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
QS | Quorum sensing |
QscR | Quorum sensing control repressor protein |
RhlR | Regulatory protein required for transcriptional activation of gene associated with rhamnosyltransferase |
RIP | RNA-III inhibiting peptide |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
silCFBA | Active efflux transporter complex of proteins (ATPase and silver binding protein SilE) responsible for efflux of silver ions |
silE | Silver binding/sequestering protein |
TEGOH | Tetraethylene glycol |
TTMA | Thioalkyl tetra(ethylene glycol)ated trimethylammonium |
Vfr | cAMP-activated global transcriptional regulator which controls virulence factor gene expression |
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Interactions between Nanoparticles and Biofilm Components during Antimicrobial Action of AuNPs and AgNPs | |
Component | Type of Interaction |
Nucleic acids | Electrostatic interactions, Van der Waals interactions, Hydrophobic interactions, Gold–Sulphur (Au-S) chemistry |
Proteins | Electrostatic interactions, Hydrophobic interactions, Hydrogen-bonding interactions, Van der Waals interactions, π–π interactions, Gold–Sulphur (Au-S) chemistry |
Polysaccharides | Electrostatic interactions, Hydrophobic interactions, Hydrogen-bonding interactions, Electrosteric repulsion interactions |
Lipids | Hydrophobic interactions, Electrostatic interactions |
Interactions between Nanoparticles and Biofilm/Planktonic Bacterial Cells during Resistance to the Antimicrobial Action of AuNPs and AgNPs | |
Component | Type of Interaction |
Proteins | Electrostatic interactions, Van der Waals interactions, Hydrophobic interactions, Hydrogen-bonding interactions |
Polysaccharides | Electrostatic interactions, Physical barrier for nanoparticles (no interactions involved) |
Cations | Ionic interactions |
Anions | Electrostatic interactions, ionic interactions |
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Joshi, A.S.; Singh, P.; Mijakovic, I. Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207658
Joshi AS, Singh P, Mijakovic I. Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(20):7658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207658
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoshi, Abhayraj S., Priyanka Singh, and Ivan Mijakovic. 2020. "Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20: 7658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207658