Effects of Farnesiferol B on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Renal Damage, Inflammation, and NF-κB Signaling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Farnesiferol B Protection for Kidney Damage in I/R Kidney
2.2. Farnesiferol B Reduces Oxidative Stress and Lipid Oxidative Signaling Pathways in I/R Kidney
2.3. Farnesiferol B Protectes Kidney from I/R-Induced Inflammation and Inhibits NF-κB Signaling Pathway
2.4. Farnesiferol B Inhibits the Activity of Inflammatory Cells by Activating TGR5
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals Study Approval and Tissue Samples
4.2. Measurements in Serum, Urine, and Kidney Samples
4.3. Renal Pathological Assessments and Immunostaining
4.4. Cell Culture and Migration Assay
4.5. NF-κB DNA Binding Assay
4.6. Isolation of RNA from Kidney Tissue and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.7. Western Blotting
4.8. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
4-HNE | 4-hydroxynonenal |
AKI | Acute kidney injury |
ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
GPBAR1 | G protein–coupled bile acid receptor 1 |
H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
Icam | Intercellular adhesion molecule |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
i.p. | Intraperitoneally |
I/R | Ischemia/reperfusion |
IRI | Ischemia/reperfusion injury |
Kim1 | Kidney injury molecule-1 |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor-kappa B |
NGAL | Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin |
RIR | Renal ischemia reperfusion |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
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Zhang, L.; Fu, X.; Gui, T.; Wang, T.; Wang, Z.; Kullak-Ublick, G.A.; Gai, Z. Effects of Farnesiferol B on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Renal Damage, Inflammation, and NF-κB Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246280
Zhang L, Fu X, Gui T, Wang T, Wang Z, Kullak-Ublick GA, Gai Z. Effects of Farnesiferol B on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Renal Damage, Inflammation, and NF-κB Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(24):6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246280
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Lu, Xianjun Fu, Ting Gui, Tianqi Wang, Zhenguo Wang, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick, and Zhibo Gai. 2019. "Effects of Farnesiferol B on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Renal Damage, Inflammation, and NF-κB Signaling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246280