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Article

Prenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Induce Differentiation of B16-F10 Melanoma Cells

by
Yunfeng Zheng
1,
Huaiyou Wang
2,3,
Min Yang
1,
Guoping Peng
1,
Tina Ting Xia Dong
2,3,
Miranda Li Xu
2,3 and
Karl Wah Keung Tsim
2,3,*
1
School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
2
Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
3
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Shenzhen 518057, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(8), 2422; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082422
Submission received: 12 July 2018 / Revised: 7 August 2018 / Accepted: 8 August 2018 / Published: 16 August 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Natural Products for Human Health)
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Abstract

Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis have been used as herbal medicine and natural sweetener. By activity-guided phytochemical investigation of the extracts from G. uralensis root, ten flavonoids, namely GF-1–GF-10, of which five were prenylated flavonoids, were found to show antiproliferative effects in melanoma B16-F10 cells. Three of the prenylated flavonoids, namely GF-1, GF-4 and GF-9, significantly induced the differentiation of B16-F10 cells; the inductions included increase of tyrosinase activity, tyrosinase protein, and melanin content. In GF-1 and GF-9 induced melanoma differentiation, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (mitogen activated potein kinase) was identified; while GF-4 could trigger the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B) signaling. However, application of GF-6 to the melanoma cells did not induce differentiation; but which promoted cell apoptotic signaling, i.e., increase levels of cleaved-PRAP, cleaved-caspase 3, and cleaved-caspase 9. These results suggested that different types of prenylated flavonoids from G. uralensis might have potential anticancer effects against melanoma cells by acting through different signaling pathways.
Keywords: Glycyrrhiza uralensis; prenylated flavonoids; antiproliferation; differentiation; melanoma cell Glycyrrhiza uralensis; prenylated flavonoids; antiproliferation; differentiation; melanoma cell
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zheng, Y.; Wang, H.; Yang, M.; Peng, G.; Dong, T.T.X.; Xu, M.L.; Tsim, K.W.K. Prenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Induce Differentiation of B16-F10 Melanoma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082422

AMA Style

Zheng Y, Wang H, Yang M, Peng G, Dong TTX, Xu ML, Tsim KWK. Prenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Induce Differentiation of B16-F10 Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(8):2422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082422

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng, Yunfeng, Huaiyou Wang, Min Yang, Guoping Peng, Tina Ting Xia Dong, Miranda Li Xu, and Karl Wah Keung Tsim. 2018. "Prenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Induce Differentiation of B16-F10 Melanoma Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8: 2422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082422

APA Style

Zheng, Y., Wang, H., Yang, M., Peng, G., Dong, T. T. X., Xu, M. L., & Tsim, K. W. K. (2018). Prenylated Flavonoids from Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Induce Differentiation of B16-F10 Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(8), 2422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082422

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