The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Neuregulin 1-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Wall of Porcine Uterus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Influence of BPA on the Number of NRG-1-Positive Nerves
2.2. BPA-Induced Changes in the Neurochemical Characterization of NRG-1-Positive Nerves in the Muscular Layer of the Uterine Corpus
2.3. BPA-Induced Changes in the Neurochemical Characterization of NRG-1-Positive Nerves in the Muscular Layer of the Uterine Horns
2.4. BPA-Induced Changes in the Neurochemical Characterization of NRG-1-Positive Nerves in the Mucosal Layer of the Uterine Corpus
2.5. BPA-Induced Changes in the Neurochemical Characterization of NRG-1-Positive Nerves in the Mucosal Layer of the Uterine Horns
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BPA | bisphenol A |
NRG-1 | neuregulin 1 |
GAL | galanin |
nNOS | neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase |
VIP | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide |
SP | substance P |
CART | cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript |
DBH | dopamine beta-hydroxylase |
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Muscular Layer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuronal Factor | Corpus of the Uterus | Right Horn | Left Horn | ||||||
Control | E1 | E2 | Control | E1 | E2 | Control | E1 | E2 | |
NRG-1+ 1) | 5.45 ± 0.52 a | 8.38 ± 0.43 b | 12.29 ± 0.58 c | 3.89 ± 0.38 a | 5.38 ± 0.35 b | 9.2 ± 0.46 c | 3.78 ± 0.34 a | 5.18 ± 0.35 b | 9.97 ± 0.37 c |
NRG-1+/DBH+ 2) | 0.34 ± 0.06 a | 3.45 ± 0.30 b | 8.31 ± 0.39 c | 2.77 ± 0.24 a | 10.45 ± 0.44 b | 11.69 ± 0.12 b | 2.85 ± 0.27 a | 8.89 ± 0.41 b | 11.26 ± 0.20 c |
NRG-1+/GAL+ 2) | 14.59 ± 0.97 a | 31.38 ± 1.75 b | 30.58 ± 1.69 b | 10.15 ± 0.85 a | 25.79 ± 1.18 b | 19.58 ± 1.02c | 9.62 ± 0.89 a | 27.43 ± 1.67 b | 20.49 ± 1.36 c |
NRG-1+/VIP+ 2) | 31.79 ± 1.21 a | 42.28 ± 1.17 b | 49.24 ± 1.25 c | 26.02 ± 1.13 a | 29.74 ± 1.55 a | 33.85 ± 1.20 b | 26.67 ± 2.20 a | 29.04 ± 1.55 a | 33.42 ± 1.21 b |
NRG-1+/nNOS+ 2) | 25.73 ± 0.98 a | 40.10 ± 1.38 b | 49.92 ± 1.62 c | 20.60 ± 1.25 a | 30.49 ± 0.96 b | 37.56 ± 0.83 c | 21.09 ± 1.04 a | 29.96 ± 1.09 b | 37.38 ± 1.42 c |
NRG-1+/SP+ 2) | 34.37 ± 1.63 a | 38.14 ± 2.05 a | 39.03 ± 1.73 a | 29.15 ± 2.12 a | 32.02 ± 0.94 a | 34.5 ± 1.38 b | 28.97 ± 1.28 a | 32.52 ± 1.65 a | 34.35 ± 1.21 b |
NRG-1+/CART+ 2) | 24.6 ± 1.15 a | 30.35 ± 1.46 b | 42.49 ± 1.48 c | 19.02 ± 1.08 a | 26.45 ± 1.63 b | 39.34 ± 1.93 c | 18.6 ± 1.72 a | 25.12 ± 1.27 b | 39.23 ± 1.78 c |
Mucosal Layer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuronal Factor | Corpus of the Uterus | Right Horn | Left Horn | ||||||
Control | E1 | E2 | Control | E1 | E2 | Control | E1 | E2 | |
NRG-1+ 1) | 5.08 ± 0.43 a | 4.78 ± 0.43 a | 7.86 ± 0.29 b | 2.93 ± 0.45 a | 3.19 ± 0.31 a | 5.7 ± 0.54 b | 3.08 ± 0.32 a | 3.47 ± 0.44 a | 6.25 ± 0.45 b |
NRG-1+/DBH+ 2) | 1.87 ± 0.41 a | 10.73 ± 0.57 b | 17.35 ± 1.08 c | 7.32 ± 0.62 a | 19.97 ± 0.87 b | 38.62 ± 1.73 c | 7.26 ± 0.99 a | 20.71 ± 1.36 b | 39.76 ± 1.06 c |
NRG-1+/GAL+ 2) | 10.52 ± 0.47 a | 25.86 ± 1.04 b | 25.27 ± 0.7 b | 7.99 ± 0.77 a | 21.76 ± 0.7 b | 20.00 ± 1.17 b | 8.15 ± 0.79 a | 21.58 ± 1.24 b | 19.84 ± 1.06 b |
NRG-1+/VIP+ 2) | 24.1 ± 0.98 a | 35.53 ± 0.69 b | 41.44 ± 0.97 c | 21.02 ± 1.46 a | 24.83 ± 0.95 a | 24.5 ± 1.24 a | 21.96 ± 1.03 a | 24.51 ± 1.93 a | 23.74 ± 1.03 a |
NRG-1+/nNOS+ 2) | 22.30 ± 1.06 a | 39.13 ± 1.72 b | 45.33 ± 1.99 c | 15.85 ± 0.85 a | 26.15 ± 0.89 b | 34.44 ± 1.54 c | 16.07 ± 0.74 a | 26.74 ± 1.55 b | 34.56 ± 2.19 c |
NRG-1+/SP+ 2) | 31.55 ± 0.92 a | 34.25 ± 0.76 b | 34.05 ± 1.75 b | 30.45 ± 0.78 a | 35.41 ± 0.99 b | 32.24 ± 1.07 a | 30.72 ± 1.15 a | 34.89 ± 1.72 b | 33.02 ± 1.30 a |
NRG-1+/CART+ 2) | 18.56 ± 1.39 a | 22.61 ± 0.82 a | 36.36 ± 1.67 b | 14.77 ± 1.13 a | 18.86 ± 1.25 a | 36.35 ± 0.99 b | 14.3 ± 1.08 a | 18.46 ± 1.85 a | 35.59 ± 1.43 b |
Antigen | Species of Origin | Code | Supplier |
---|---|---|---|
Primary Antibodies | |||
GAL | Guinea pig | T-5036 | PENINSULA |
nNOS | Mouse | N218 | Sigma-Aldrich |
VIP | Mause | 9535-0504 | BIOGENE |
SP | Rat | 8450-0505 | AbDserotec |
CART | Mouse | R&D | MAB 163 |
Neu-1 | Rabbit | AA 198-229 | antibodies-online |
DBH | Mouse | MAB308 | Chemicon |
Secondary Antibodies | |||
Alexa fluor 488 | Anti Rabbit | A21206 | Invitrogen |
Alexa fluor 546 | Anti Mouse | A10036 | Invitrogen |
Alexa fluor 546 | Anti Rat | A11081 | Invitrogen |
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Rytel, L. The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Neuregulin 1-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Wall of Porcine Uterus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102962
Rytel L. The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Neuregulin 1-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Wall of Porcine Uterus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10):2962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102962
Chicago/Turabian StyleRytel, Liliana. 2018. "The Influence of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Neuregulin 1-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Wall of Porcine Uterus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10: 2962. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102962