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Article

Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene Family in Pepper

by
Long-Bin Shen
1,†,
Yuan Yao
2,†,
Huang He
1,†,
Yu-Ling Qin
1,
Zi-Ji Liu
1,
Wei-Xia Liu
1,
Zhi-Qiang Qi
1,
Li-Jia Yang
3,
Zhen-Mu Cao
1,* and
Yan Yang
1,*
1
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China
2
Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
3
Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(1), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010224
Submission received: 6 December 2017 / Revised: 5 January 2018 / Accepted: 8 January 2018 / Published: 11 January 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Plant Sciences)
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Abstract

Alkaline/neutral invertase (NINV) proteins irreversibly cleave sucrose into fructose and glucose, and play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and plant development. To investigate the role of NINVs in the development of pepper fruits, seven NINV genes (CaNINV1–7) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CaNINV family could be divided into α and β groups. CaNINV1–6 had typical conserved regions and similar protein structures to the NINVs of other plants, while CaNINV7 lacked amino acid sequences at the C-terminus and N-terminus ends. An expression analysis of the CaNINV genes in different tissues demonstrated that CaNINV5 is the dominant NINV in all the examined tissues (root, stem, leaf, bud, flower, and developmental pepper fruits stage). Notably, the expression of CaNINV5 was found to gradually increase at the pre-breaker stages, followed by a decrease at the breaker stages, while it maintained a low level at the post-breaker stages. Furthermore, the invertase activity of CaNINV5 was identified by functional complementation of the invertase-deficient yeast strain SEY2102, and the optimum pH of CaNINV5 was found to be ~7.5. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of CaNINV5 suggest that it might be the main NINV enzyme for hydrolysis of sucrose during pepper fruit development.
Keywords: alkaline/neutral invertase; pepper; gene expression; enzymatic activity alkaline/neutral invertase; pepper; gene expression; enzymatic activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shen, L.-B.; Yao, Y.; He, H.; Qin, Y.-L.; Liu, Z.-J.; Liu, W.-X.; Qi, Z.-Q.; Yang, L.-J.; Cao, Z.-M.; Yang, Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene Family in Pepper. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010224

AMA Style

Shen L-B, Yao Y, He H, Qin Y-L, Liu Z-J, Liu W-X, Qi Z-Q, Yang L-J, Cao Z-M, Yang Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene Family in Pepper. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010224

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shen, Long-Bin, Yuan Yao, Huang He, Yu-Ling Qin, Zi-Ji Liu, Wei-Xia Liu, Zhi-Qiang Qi, Li-Jia Yang, Zhen-Mu Cao, and Yan Yang. 2018. "Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene Family in Pepper" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 1: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010224

APA Style

Shen, L.-B., Yao, Y., He, H., Qin, Y.-L., Liu, Z.-J., Liu, W.-X., Qi, Z.-Q., Yang, L.-J., Cao, Z.-M., & Yang, Y. (2018). Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Alkaline/Neutral Invertase Gene Family in Pepper. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1), 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010224

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