Differential Immune Responses to New World and Old World Mammalian Arenaviruses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. New World (NW) and Old World (OW) Arenaviruses Trigger Different Immune Responses in Infected Hosts
3. Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic NW and OW Arenaviruses
4. Vaccine Development for the NW (JUNV) and OW (LASV) Arenaviruses
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | Virus | Geographic Location | Incidence of Disease |
---|---|---|---|
Old World | LCMV | Worldwide | Over 5% of people show evidence of prior exposure, <1% mortality |
Lassa virus | West Africa | Up to 500,000 infections annually, ~5000 deaths/year | |
Lujo virus | South Africa | 5 identified cases, 4 fatal | |
New World | Junín virus | Argentina | 300–1000 cases/year before Candid #1 vaccination program, 30–50 cases/year after introduction of vaccine, 15–30% mortality |
Machupo virus | Bolivia | 1962–1964: 1000 cases; 1990s: 19 cases; 2007–2008: >200 cases; ~20% mortality | |
Sabiá virus | Brazil | 1 naturally occurring case, fatal | |
Guanarito virus | Venezuela | 618 cases, 23% fatal | |
Chapare virus | Bolivia | 1 confirmed case, fatal |
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Ly, H. Differential Immune Responses to New World and Old World Mammalian Arenaviruses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051040
Ly H. Differential Immune Responses to New World and Old World Mammalian Arenaviruses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(5):1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051040
Chicago/Turabian StyleLy, Hinh. 2017. "Differential Immune Responses to New World and Old World Mammalian Arenaviruses" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 5: 1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051040