Phosphoinositides, Major Actors in Membrane Trafficking and Lipid Signaling Pathways
Abstract
:1. Phosphoinositides in Cellular Membranes
1.1. Lipids, Major Membrane Components
1.2. Phosphoinositides, Lipid Signaling Molecules
1.3. Phosphatidylinositol, the Precursor of Phosphoinositides
2. PtdIns4P a Key Trafficking Effector for Phospholipids and Sterols
2.1. PtdIns4P Synthesis
2.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns4P
3. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate (PtdIns3P) an Endosomal Lipid Essential in Membrane Trafficking and Autophagy
3.1. PtdIns3P Synthesis
- -
- Two members of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3KC), which phosphorylate predominantly PtdIns(4,5)P2 to generate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
- -
- Three members of the class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PIK3C2), which predominantly phosphorylate PtdIns4P to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2
- -
- One member of the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (homologous to the yeast Vps34 lipid kinase). As Vps34, the human PIK3C3 is specific for PtdIns and is consequently most probably the biggest source of cellular PtdIns3P. The regulatory subunit of VPS34/PIK3C3 is the protein p150/PIK3R4, the homologue of the yeast Vps15 [42]. A phylogenetic study suggests the co-evolution of VPS34/PIK3C3 and its regulatory subunit VPS15/PIK3R4 in most eukaryotes, from yeast to human and plants and in many protists, such as amoeba [43]. However, a recent study shows that in human cells, VPS15 has an additional function in trafficking from Golgi to primary cilia, independent from its association with VPS34, and that a missense mutation in the VPS15 gene is responsible for ciliopathy [44].
3.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns3P
4. PtdIns5P, an Underappreciated Phosphoinositide
4.1. PtdIns5P Synthesis
4.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns5P
5. PtdIns(4,5)P2, a Phosphoinositide Involved in Actin Dynamics and in Endocytosis
5.1. PtdIns(4,5)P2 Synthesis
5.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns(4,5)P2
6. PtdIns(3,5)P2, a Regulator of Endosome-Lysosome Trafficking
6.1. PtdIns(3,5)P2 Synthesis
6.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns(3,5)P2
7. PtdIns(3,4)P2, a Lipid Secondary Messenger
7.1. PtdIns(3,4)P2 Synthesis
7.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns(3,4)P2
8. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, a Key Effector of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
8.1. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 Synthesis
8.2. Physiological Role of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3
9. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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De Craene, J.-O.; Bertazzi, D.L.; Bär, S.; Friant, S. Phosphoinositides, Major Actors in Membrane Trafficking and Lipid Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030634
De Craene J-O, Bertazzi DL, Bär S, Friant S. Phosphoinositides, Major Actors in Membrane Trafficking and Lipid Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(3):634. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030634
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Craene, Johan-Owen, Dimitri L. Bertazzi, Séverine Bär, and Sylvie Friant. 2017. "Phosphoinositides, Major Actors in Membrane Trafficking and Lipid Signaling Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 3: 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030634