Multiple Activities of Punica granatum Linne against Acne Vulgaris
1
PhD Program for Clinical Drug Discovery of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
2
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
3
School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
4
Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Paula Andrade and Patrícia Valentão
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010141
Received: 31 October 2016 / Revised: 11 December 2016 / Accepted: 13 December 2016 / Published: 12 January 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
Acne is a common skin condition with sebum overproduction, hyperkeratosis, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus aureus, and inflammation. Punica granatum (pomegranate) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory effects; however, few studies have discussed the anti-acne effects of pomegranate. In this study, we found that pomegranate extract (PG-E) significantly reduced P. acnes-induced edema in Wistar rat ears. Therefore, an evaluation platform using multiple pathogenic mechanisms of acne was established to explore the anti-acne effects of pomegranate. Results showed that PG-E inhibited bacterial growth and lipase activity. Through a bioguided-fractionation-isolation system, four hydrolysable tannins, punicalagin (1), punicalin (2), strictinin A (3), and granatin B (4), were isolated. Compounds 1 and 2 had greater anti-bacterial activities and anti-testosterone-induced HaCaT proliferative effects than the others. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 displayed lipase inhibitory effects. Compound 4 decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and downregulated prostaglandin E2 production in heat-killed P. acnes-treated RAW 246.7 cells. In conclusion, PG-E is abundant in hydrolysable tannins that display multiple anti-acne capacities, including anti-bacterial, anti-lipase, anti-keratinocyte proliferation, and anti-inflammatory actions. Hence, PG-E has great potential in the application of anti-acne and skin-care products, and punicalagin (1), the most effective component in PG-E, can be employed as a quality control marker.
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Keywords:
acne; Punica granatum; anti-inflammation
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lee, C.-J.; Chen, L.-G.; Liang, W.-L.; Wang, C.-C. Multiple Activities of Punica granatum Linne against Acne Vulgaris. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010141
AMA Style
Lee C-J, Chen L-G, Liang W-L, Wang C-C. Multiple Activities of Punica granatum Linne against Acne Vulgaris. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(1):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010141
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Chia-Jung; Chen, Lih-Geeng; Liang, Wen-Li; Wang, Ching-Chiung. 2017. "Multiple Activities of Punica granatum Linne against Acne Vulgaris" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, no. 1: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010141
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