Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Promising Materials Platform for Photocatalytic CO2 Reductions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
ΔG0 = 237 kJ/mol, ΔE0 = 1.23 V.
ΔG0 = 257 kJ/mol, ΔE0 = 1.33 V.
ΔG0 = 286 kJ/mol, ΔE0 = 1.48 V.
ΔG0 = 522 kJ/mol, ΔE0 = 1.35 V.
ΔG0 = 703 kJ/mol, ΔE0 = 1.21 V.
ΔG0 = 818 kJ/mol, ΔE0 = 1.06 V.
2. COFs Application for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
2.1. Metalated COFs and Hybrid COF Photocatalyst Systems with Homogeneous CO2 Reduction Catalysts
2.2. Pure COFs CO2 Reduction Photocatalysts
2.3. CTF-Organometallic Complex-based CO2 Photocatalytic Systems
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reaction | E0 (V) vs NHE at pH = 7 |
---|---|
2H+ + 2e− → H2 | −0.41 |
CO2 + e− → CO2− | −1.9 |
CO2 + 2H+ + 2e− → HCOOH | −0.61 |
CO2 + 2H+ + 2e− → CO + H2O | −0.53 |
CO2 + 4H+ + 4e− → C + 2H2O | −0.2 |
CO2 + 4H+ + 4e− → HCHO + H2O | −0.48 |
CO2 + 6H+ + 6e− → CH3OH + H2O | −0.38 |
CO2 + 8H+ + 8e− → CH4 + 2H2O | −0.24 |
2CO2 + 8H2O + 12e− → C2H4 + 12OH− | −0.34 |
2CO2 + 9H2O + 12e− → C2H5OH + 12OH− | −0.33 |
3CO2 + 13H2O + 18e− → C3H7OH + 18OH− | −0.32 |
Type | COFs | Light | Additive | Conditions | Product Yield | Selectivity (%) | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enamine | DQTP-COF-Co | λ ≥ 420 nm 300 W Xe lamp | Ru(bpy)3Cl2/TEOA | Liquid (MeCN) | CO: 1.02 × 103 μmol·g−1·h−1 | 59.4 | [31] |
Imine | COF-367 -Co NS | λ ≥ 420 nm 300 W Xe lamp | Ru(bpy)3Cl2/ascorbic acid | Liquid (MeCN) | CO: 10,672 μmol·g−1·h−1 | 78 | [32] |
Enamine | TpBp-COF-Ni | λ ≥ 420 nm 300 W Xe lamp | Ru(bpy)3Cl2/TEOA | Liquid (H2O) | CO: 966 μmol g−1 h−1 | 96 | [33] |
Imine | Re-COF | λ ≥ 390 nm 300W Xe lamp | TEOA | Liquid (MeCN) | CO:780 μmol·g−1·h−1 | 98 | [34] |
Enamine | Re-TpBpy COFs | λ ≥ 390 nm 200 W Xe lamp | TEOA | Liquid (MeCN/H2O) | CO: 270.8 μmol·g−1 h−1 | N/A | [35] |
Olefin | Bpy-sp2-c-COF | λ ≥ 420 nm 300 W Xe lamp | TEOA | Liquid (MeCN) | CO: 1040 μmol·g−1 h−1 | 81 | [36] |
Enamine | TFPG-DAAQ-COF | λ = 445 nm blue LED | TEOA | Liquid (MeCN) | HCOOH: TOF = 6 | N/A | [37] |
Imine | TTCOF-Zn | 420–800 nm 300 W Xe lamp | None | Liquid (H2O) | CO: 2.055 μmol·g−1 h−1 | 100 | [38] |
Azine | N3-COF | 420–800nm 500 W Xe lamp | None | Liquid (H2O) | CH3OH:0.57μmol·g−1 h−1 | N/A | [39] |
Imine | TT-COF | λ > 420 nm 300 W Xe lamp | None | Solid-gaseous H2O | CO: 102.7 μmol·g−1·h−1 | 98 | [40] |
Imine | TAPPB-COF | 200–1000 nm Xe lamp | None | Solid-gaseous H2O | CO: 24.6 μmol·g−1·h−1 | 95.6 | [41] |
Arylether | COF-318-SCs | 380–800 nm 300 W Xe lamp | None | Solid-gaseous H2O | CO: 69.67 μmol·g−1·h−1 | N/A | [42] |
Triazine | CTF | λ ≥ 420 nm 450 W Xe lamp | β-NAD+/Rh complex/formate hydrogenase/ ascorbic acid | Liquid (Na3PO4 aq. solution) | HCOOH: 881.3 × 103 μmol·g−1·h−1 | N/A | [45] |
Triazine | Re-CTF-py | 200–1100 nm 300 W Xe lamp | TEOA | Solid–gas | CO: 353.05 μmol·g−1·h−1 | N/A | [46] |
Photocatalyst | Light Source | Product Yield μmol·g−1 h−1 | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
TTCOF-Zn | 420–800 nm 300 W Xe lamp | CO: 2.055 | [38] |
N3-COF | 420–800 nm 500 W Xe lamp | CH3OH: 0.57 | [39] |
TT-COF | Λ > 420 nm 300 W Xe lamp | CO: 102.7 | [40] |
TAPPB-COF | 200–1000 nm Xe lamp | CO: 24.6 | [41] |
COF-318-SCs | 380–800 nm 300 W Xe lamp | CO: 69.67 | [42] |
CPO-27-Mg/TiO2 | UV lamp 4 W 365 nm | CO: 4.09, CH4: 2.35 | [47] |
Well-crystallized ordered mesoporous TiO2 | UV-Vis 300W Xe lamp | CO: 0.145, CH4: 0.195 | [48] |
TiO2 | 300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 408 nm) | CO: 50.7, CH4: 13.5 | [49] |
Co-ZIF-9/TiO2 | UV-Vis 300 W Xe lamp (200 < λ < 900) | CO: 17.58 | [50] |
BiOBr | 300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 400 nm) | CO: 87.4 | [51] |
Defect-Rich Bi12O17Cl2 Nanotubes | 300 W Xe lamp | CO: 48.6 | [52] |
ZIF-8/C3N4 | 300 W full-spectrum Xe lamp | CH3OH: 0.75 | [53] |
QS-Co3O4 (ZIF-67) | 200 W Xe lamp (AM 1.5) | CO: 46.3 | [54] |
Bi4O5I2/g-C3N4 | 300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 400 nm) | CO: 45.6, CH4: 6 | [55] |
Z-scheme CdS– WO3 | 300 W Xe lamp (λ > 420 nm) | CH4:1.02 | [56] |
HCP-TiO2-FG | 300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm) | CO: 27.62, CH4: 21.63 | [57] |
α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 | 300 W Xe lamp (λ≥ 420 nm) | CO: 27.2 | [58] |
C-TiO2-x@g-C3N4 | 300 W Xe lamp (λ ≥ 420 nm) | CO: 205 | [59] |
TiO2/N-doped-RGO | 400 W Xe lamp (λ = 250–400 nm) | CO: 44.56 | [60] |
TiO2/NH2-UiO-66 | 1500 W Xe lamp (λ > 325 nm | CO: 4.25 | [61] |
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Li, J.; Zhao, D.; Liu, J.; Liu, A.; Ma, D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Promising Materials Platform for Photocatalytic CO2 Reductions. Molecules 2020, 25, 2425. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102425
Li J, Zhao D, Liu J, Liu A, Ma D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Promising Materials Platform for Photocatalytic CO2 Reductions. Molecules. 2020; 25(10):2425. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102425
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jundan, Dongni Zhao, Jiangqun Liu, Anan Liu, and Dongge Ma. 2020. "Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Promising Materials Platform for Photocatalytic CO2 Reductions" Molecules 25, no. 10: 2425. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102425