Evaluation of Black Tea Polyphenol Extract Against the Retrogradation of Starches from Various Plant Sources
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Amylose and Moisture Contents of Starches from Various Plant Sources
Starches | Amylose (%) | Moisture (%) |
---|---|---|
MS | 27.6 ± 0.13 a | 11.6 ± 0.21 c |
PS | 20.3 ± 0.56 b | 10.8 ± 0.24 d |
RS (HAR) | 28.3 ± 0.27 a | 11.2 ± 0.17 c |
IAR | 13.7 ± 0.36 e | 12.6 ± 0.26 b |
LAR | 1.15 ± 0.12 g | 13.5 ± 0.18 a |
2.2. Polyphenols in BTPE Sample
Polyphenols | % in Black Tea Polyphenol Extract |
---|---|
(−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) | 13.8 ± 0.41 |
(−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) | 8.3 ± 0.32 |
(−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) | 1.8 ± 0.11 |
(−)epicatechin (EC) | 1.1 ± 0.04 |
(−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) | 0.2 ± 0.02 |
(−)-catechin gallate (CG) | 1.2 ± 0.03 |
Theaflavins | 6.9 ± 0.42 |
2.3. Effect of BTPE on the Thermal Properties of Starcahes from Different Botanical Sources
Starch Samples | To (°C) | Tp (°C) | Tc (°C) | ΔHgel (J/g) | R (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS + 0% BTPE | 66.53 ± 0.47 f | 71.03 ± 0.59 g | 74.58± 0.79 f | 10.62 ± 0.48 b | 8.05 e |
MS + 5% BTPE | 68.05 ± 0.65 d | 72.61 ± 0.65 e | 76.03 ± 0.81 e | 10.39 ± 0.42 b | 7.98 e |
MS + 10% BTPE | 69.37 ± 0.54 b | 73.85 ± 0.61 c | 76.41± 0.85 d | 9.23 ± 0.39 d | 7.04 f |
MS + 15% BTPE | 71.28 ± 0.61 a | 74.92 ± 0.69 a | 77.60 ± 0.88 c | 8.18 ± 0.33 e | 6.32 g |
PS + 0% BTPE | 57.64 ± 0.32 g | 62.40 ± 0.31 h | 69.03 ± 0.67 g | 12.14 ± 0.51 a | 11.39 a |
PS + 5% BTPE | 57.68 ± 0.31 g | 62.83 ± 0.32 h | 69.00 ± 0.65 g | 12.11 ± 0.51 a | 11.32 a |
PS + 10% BTPE | 57.73 ± 0.30 g | 62.84 ± 0.38 h | 69.07 ± 0.63 g | 12.17 ± 0.52 a | 11.34 a |
PS + 15% BTPE | 57.69 ± 0.31 g | 62.38 ± 0.35 h | 69.09 ± 0.62 g | 12.10 ± 0.53 a | 11.40 a |
RS (HAR) + 0% BTPE | 66.39 ± 0.39 f | 71.40 ± 0.55 f | 76.12 ± 0.66 e | 9.68 ± 0.32 c | 9.73 d |
RS (HAR) + 5% BTPE | 67.35 ± 0.41 e | 72.45 ± 0.57 e | 77.65 ± 0.69 c | 9.59 ± 0.27 c | 10.30 c |
RS(HAR) + 10% BTPE | 68.41 ± 0.49 c | 73.36 ± 0.62 d | 78.88 ± 0.71 b | 8.29 ± 0.24 e | 10.47 c |
RS(HAR) + 15% BTPE | 69.27 ± 058 b | 74.25 ± 0.58 b | 80.35 ± 0.75 a | 7.07 ± 0.19 | 11.08 b |
IAR + 0% BTPE | 64.33 ± 0.35 g | 67.70 ± 0.37 | 71.64 ± 0.55 | 10.45 ± 0.43 b | 7.31 g |
IAR + 5% BTPE | 65.17 ± 0.40 f | 69.16 ± 0.48 g | 73.08 ± 0.46 i | 10.36 ± 0.38 b | 7.91 f |
IAR + 10% BTPE | 66.90 ± 0.47 e | 70.31 ± 0.52 f | 74.91 ± 0.39 g | 8.96 ± 0.25 d | 8.01 f |
IAR + 15% BTPE | 67.34 ± 0.50 d | 71.74 ± 0.59 e | 75.83 ± 0.57 f | 7.33 ± 0.23 e | 8.49 e |
LAR + 0% BTPE | 65.03 ± 0.28 f | 68.14 ± 0.47 h | 72.51 ± 0.42 j | 11.86 ± 0.49 a | 7.48 g |
LAR + 5% BTPE | 66.14 ± 0.37 e | 69.58 ± 0.38 g | 73.90 ± 0.44 h | 11.67 ± 0.41 a | 7.76 f |
LAR + 10% BTPE | 67.29 ± 0.43 d | 70.14 ± 0.53 f | 75.26 ± 0.39 f | 9.98 ± 0.33 c | 7.97 f |
LAR + 15% BTPE | 68.61 ± 0.56 c | 71.52 ± 0.56 e | 77.40 ± 0.66 d | 8.76 ± 0.27 d | 8.79 e |
Starch Samples | 5 Days | 10 Days | 20 Days | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔHret (J/g) | DR% | ΔHret (J/g) | DR% | ΔHret (J/g) | DR% | |
MS + 0% BTPE | 3.14 ± 0.18 a | 29.6 a | 5.68 ± 0.45 a | 53.5 a | 8.01 ± 0.51 a | 75.4 b |
MS + 5% BTPE | 3.07 ± 0.16 b | 25.5 b | 5.03 ± 0.41 b | 48.4 c | 7.52 ± 0.43 c | 72.4 c |
MS + 10% BTPE | 1.87 ± 0.10 e | 20.2 d | 4.12 ± 0.36 c | 44.6 d | 6.49 ± 0.38 e | 70.3 d |
MS + 15% BTPE | ND | - | 2.04 ± 0.28 e | 24.9 h | 4.54 ± 0.25 g | 55.5 f |
PS + 0% BTPE | 2.68 ± 0.20 f | 22.0 c | 4.13 ± 0.34 c | 34.0 g | 7.48 ± 0.41 c | 61.5 e |
PS + 5% BTPE | 2.66 ± 0.19 f | 22.0 c | 4.12 ± 0.35 c | 34.0 g | 7.42 ± 0.42 c | 61.3 e |
PS + 10% BTPE | 2.45 ± 0.20 f | 20.1 d | 4.08 ± 0.33 c | 33.5 g | 7.46 ± 0.44 c | 61.3 e |
PS + 15% BTPE | 2.36 ± 0.21 g | 19.5 d | 4.01 ± 0.32 c | 33.1 g | 7.43 ± 0.40 c | 61.4 e |
RS (HAR) + 0% BTPE | 2.18 ± 0.19 c | 22.5 c | 4.98 ± 0.41 b | 51.4 b | 7.65 ± 0.44 b | 79.0 a |
RS (HAR) + 5% BTPE | 2.01 ± 0.15 d | 20.9 d | 4.06 ± 0.38 c | 42.3 e | 6.91 ± 0.40 d | 72.1 c |
RS(HAR) + 10% BTPE | ND | - | 3.15 ± 0.32 d | 38.0 f | 5.07 ± 0.39 f | 61.2 e |
RS(HAR) + 15% BTPE | ND | - | 1.23 ± 0.11 f | 17.4 i | 2.36 ± 0.27 h | 33.3 g |
IAR + 0% BTPE | 2.09 ± 0.16 b | 20.0 d | 3.43 ± 0.26 e | 32.8 f | 6.86 ± 0.48 d | 65.6 d |
IAR + 5% BTPE | 1.97 ± 0.13 b | 19.0 e | 2.86 ± 0.24 f | 27.6 g | 5.74 ± 0.38 f | 55.4 f |
IAR + 10% BTPE | ND | - | 2.03 ± 0.20 g | 22.7 i | 4.37 ± 0.29 g | 48.8 g |
IAR + 15% BTPE | ND | - | 1.02 ± 0.11 h | 13.9 k | 2.08 ± 0.12 i | 28.4 j |
LAR + 0% BTPE | 3.14 ± 0.24 a | 26.5 a | 6.43 ± 0.41 a | 54.2 a | 9.86 ± 0.61 a | 83.1 a |
LAR + 5% BTPE | 3.02 ± 0.19 a | 25.9 b | 5.63 ± 0.39 b | 48.2 c | 8.51 ± 0.64 b | 72.9 c |
LAR + 10% BTPE | ND | - | 4.27 ± 0.35 d | 42.8 d | 6.27 ± 0.45 d | 62.8 e |
LAR + 15% BTPE | ND | - | 2.13 ± 0.21 g | 24.3 h | 3.44 ± 0.26 h | 39.3 h |
2.4. Evaluation of BTPE against the Retrogradation of Starches from Different Rice Varieties
2.5. Effect of BTPE on X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Starches from Different Botanical Sources
2.6. Effect of BTPE on X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Starches from Different Rice Varieties
3. Experimental
3.1. Materials
3.2. Determination of Amylose and Moisture Contents of Starches from Different Plant Sources
3.3. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis of BTPE
3.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.5. X-ray Diffraction
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Sample Availability: Samples of BTPE are available from the authors.
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Xiao, H.; Lin, Q.; Liu, G.-Q.; Yu, F. Evaluation of Black Tea Polyphenol Extract Against the Retrogradation of Starches from Various Plant Sources. Molecules 2012, 17, 8147-8158. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078147
Xiao H, Lin Q, Liu G-Q, Yu F. Evaluation of Black Tea Polyphenol Extract Against the Retrogradation of Starches from Various Plant Sources. Molecules. 2012; 17(7):8147-8158. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078147
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Huaxi, Qinlu Lin, Gao-Qiang Liu, and Fengxiang Yu. 2012. "Evaluation of Black Tea Polyphenol Extract Against the Retrogradation of Starches from Various Plant Sources" Molecules 17, no. 7: 8147-8158. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078147