Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chili Pepper Ripening Regulation Process
3. Transcriptional Regulation of Capsaicinoids Biosynthesis
4. Transcriptional Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis
5. Transcriptional Regulation of the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway
6. Transcriptional Regulation of the Ascorbic Acid (AsA) Biosynthetic Pathway
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Transcription Factor | Consensus Motif | Gene | Function during Ripening | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
ARF (Auxin-response factor) | TGTCTC TGTCCC TGTCAC | CaARF4, CaARF5, CaARF18 | Flower and fruit development | [38] |
bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) | E-box CANNTG | CabHLH007, CabHLH009, CabHLH026, CabHLH063 CabHLH086 | Capsaicinoid biosynthesis regulation | [39] |
CabHLH009 CabHLH032 CabHLH048 CabHLH095 CabHLH100 | Carotenoid accumulation | |||
CaMYC | Anthocyanin biosynthesis | [40] | ||
ERF | GCC box TAAGAGCCGCC | CaERF102, CaERF53, CaERF111, CaERF92 | Capsaicinoid biosynthesis | [41,42] |
CaERF82, CaERF97, CaERF66, CaERF107, CaERF101 | Carotenoid biosynthesis | [42] | ||
MADS box | CArG | CaMADS CaMADS6 CaMADS-RIN | Ethylene signaling | [25,31,37] |
MYB | TAACTAAC | CaMYB31 CaMYB48 CaMYB108 CaMYB103 CaMYB115 CaDIV14 | Capsaicinoid biosynthesis and accumulation | [43,44,45,46,47] |
CaMYB3R-5 CaDIV1 | Carotenoid biosynthesis Putative regulator of the CCS gene | [47] | ||
MYB | Anthocyanin biosynthesis | [48] | ||
CaMYB16 | Ascorbic acid biosynthesis | [47] | ||
F-box protein SKIP23 | Carotenoid biosynthesis. Putative regulators of the CCS gene | [49] | ||
GATA transcription factor 26 | ||||
U-box domain-containing protein 52 | ||||
zinc finger family FYVE/PHD-type | ||||
RING/FYVE/PHD-type | ||||
CONSTANS-LIKE 9 |
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Villa-Rivera, M.G.; Ochoa-Alejo, N. Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212151
Villa-Rivera MG, Ochoa-Alejo N. Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212151
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilla-Rivera, Maria Guadalupe, and Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo. 2021. "Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12151. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212151