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Volume 13
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10.3390/polym13081282
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Article

Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites

by
M.J. Suriani
1,2,
Fathin Sakinah Mohd Radzi
1,*,
R.A. Ilyas
3,4,*,
Michal Petrů
5,
S.M. Sapuan
6,7 and
C.M. Ruzaidi
1,2
1
Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
2
Marine Materials Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
3
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
4
Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
5
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
6
Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
7
Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2021, 13(8), 1282; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081282
Submission received: 10 March 2021 / Revised: 2 April 2021 / Accepted: 5 April 2021 / Published: 14 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics of Polymer and Polymer Composite Materials and Structures)
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Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is a natural fiber that possesses many advantages, such as biodegradability, eco-friendly, and renewable nature. The effect of the OPEFB fiber loading reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites on flammability and tensile properties of the polymer biocomposites were investigated. The tests were carried out with four parameters, which were specimen A (constant), specimen B (20% of fiber), specimen C (35% of fiber), and specimen D (50% of fiber). The PET yarn and magnesium hydroxide were used as the reinforcement material and fire retardant agent, respectively. The results were obtained from several tests, which were the horizontal burning test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result for the burning test showed that specimen B exhibited better flammability properties, which had the lowest average burning rate (11.47 mm/min). From the tensile strength, specimen A revealed the highest value of 10.79 N/mm2. For the SEM morphological test, increasing defects on the surface ruptured were observed that resulted in decreased tensile properties of the composites. It can be summarized that the flammability and tensile properties of OPEFB fiber reinforced fire retardant epoxy composites were reduced when the fiber volume contents were increased at the optimal loading of 20%, with the values of 11.47 mm/min and 4.29 KPa, respectively.
Keywords: OPEFB composite; flammability; fire retardant; hybrid composite; tensile; morphology; pet yarn; epoxy OPEFB composite; flammability; fire retardant; hybrid composite; tensile; morphology; pet yarn; epoxy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Suriani, M.J.; Radzi, F.S.M.; Ilyas, R.A.; Petrů, M.; Sapuan, S.M.; Ruzaidi, C.M. Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081282

AMA Style

Suriani MJ, Radzi FSM, Ilyas RA, Petrů M, Sapuan SM, Ruzaidi CM. Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites. Polymers. 2021; 13(8):1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081282

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suriani, M.J., Fathin Sakinah Mohd Radzi, R.A. Ilyas, Michal Petrů, S.M. Sapuan, and C.M. Ruzaidi. 2021. "Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites" Polymers 13, no. 8: 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081282

APA Style

Suriani, M. J., Radzi, F. S. M., Ilyas, R. A., Petrů, M., Sapuan, S. M., & Ruzaidi, C. M. (2021). Flammability, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber/Pet Yarn-Reinforced Epoxy Fire Retardant Hybrid Polymer Composites. Polymers, 13(8), 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081282

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