Value Co-Creation on TV Talent Shows: Cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- How are the service ecosystems of online talent shows created and operated in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan? How do members of these ecosystems derive value through collaborative creation?
- (2)
- What are the capabilities required to sustain the popularity of online talent shows?
- (3)
- How does the level of fan engagement impact online talent shows?
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. SDL Service Ecosystem
2.2. Value Co-Creation and Actor’s “Engagement”
2.3. TV Talent Shows Dynamic Capabilities
3. Research Methods
3.1. Case Study
3.2. Case Selection
3.3. Data Collection
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Case Profile
4.1. Produce 101 China
4.2. Good Night Show—King Maker
4.3. Dancing Diamond 52
5. Research Findings
5.1. Fans’ Participation and Value Creation
5.2. Talent Show System and Process Create Differentiated Value
5.3. Creating C2C Interaction
5.4. Bringing in Foreign Resources for Local Innovation
6. Discussion
6.1. Digital Platforms and the Service Ecosystem
6.1.1. Talent Shows Are Developing as a Touch Point in the Social Sphere
6.1.2. Diversified Services Form a Digital Platform Ecosystem
6.2. Value Co-Creation and Engagement
6.2.1. Partners in Different Countries and Sectors Complement and Enhance Value
6.2.2. The Influence of Talent Show Planning on Enhancing Fans Interaction
6.2.3. Data Ranking Will Serve as an Incentive
6.3. TV Talent Show Dynamic Capabilities
6.3.1. The Dynamic Capability of the Organization Affects the Market Share of the Talent Show
6.3.2. Multilateral Effects Spread by the Fan’s Voluntary Behavior
7. Conclusions
7.1. Theoretical Implications
7.2. Managerial Implications
7.3. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
References
- Liu, Y.; Zhang, Z. News Narration, Local Visibility and Public Life in Chinese Short Videos. J. Pract. 2022, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gray, J.; Lotz, A.D. Television Studies, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2019; p. 208. [Google Scholar]
- de Reuver, M.; Sørensen, C.; Basole, R.C. The Digital Platform: A Research Agenda. J. Inf. Technol. 2018, 33, 124–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, R.K. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods, 6th ed.; SAGE: Los Angeles, NY, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Pandita, D.; Vapiwala, F. Waving the flames of fan engagement: Strategies for coping with the digital transformation in sports organizations. J. Strategy Manag. 2023; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huettermann, M.; Uhrich, S.; Koenigstorfer, J. Components and Outcomes of Fan Engagement in Team Sports: The Perspective of Managers and Fans. J. Glob. Sport Manag. 2022, 7, 447–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buhalis, D.; Harwood, T.; Bogicevic, V.; Viglia, G.; Beldona, S.; Hofacker, C. Technological disruptions in services: Lessons from tourism and hospitality. J. Serv. Manag. 2019, 30, 484–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yu, C.-Y.; Lo, R.-A. Factors Affecting Customers’ Purchase Intentions in Live Streaming Shopping. J. Manag. Decis. Sci. 2020, 3, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoyer, W.; Kroschke, M.; Schmitt, B.; Kraume, K.; Shankar, V. Transforming the Customer Experience through New Technologies. J. Interact. Mark. 2020, 51, 57–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, X.; Wu, J.-H.; Li, Q. What drives consumer shopping behavior in live streaming commerce? J. Electron. Commer. Res. 2020, 21, 144–167. [Google Scholar]
- Heyder, T.; Passlack, N.; Posegga, O. Ethical management of human-AI interaction: Theory development review. J. Strat. Inf. Syst. 2023, 32, 101772. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- VVargo, S.L.; Lusch, R.F. Service-dominant logic 2025. Int. J. Res. Mark. 2017, 34, 46–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ng, I.C.L.; Vargo, S.L. Service-dominant logic, service ecosystems and institutions: An editorial. J. Serv. Manag. 2018, 29, 518–520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brodie, R.J.; Hollebeek, L.D.; Jurić, B.; Ilić, A. Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. J. Serv. Res. 2011, 17, 1–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Helmefalk, M.; Palmquist, A.; Rosenlund, J. Understanding the mechanisms of household and stakeholder engagement in a recycling ecosystem: The SDL perspective. Waste Manag. 2023, 160, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ford, D.; Redwood, M. Making sense of network dynamics through network pictures: A longitudinal case study. Ind. Mark. Manag. 2005, 34, 648–657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beirão, G.; Patrício, L.; Fisk, R.P. Value cocreation in service ecosystems. J. Serv. Manag. 2017, 28, 227–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kolyperas, D.; Maglaras, G.; Sparks, L. Sport fans’ roles in value co-creation. Eur. Sport Manag. Q. 2019, 19, 201–220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramaswamy, V.; Ozcan, K. What is co-creation? An interactional creation framework and its implications for value creation. J. Bus. Res. 2018, 84, 196–205. [Google Scholar]
- Biagioli, M.; Sunder, M. Academic Brands; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2022. [Google Scholar]
- Kotler, P.; Kartajaya, H.; Setiawan, I. Marketing 5.0: Technology for Humanity; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Rather, R.A.; Hollebeek, L.D.; Islam, J.U. Tourism-based customer engagement: The construct, antecedents, and consequences. Serv. Ind. J. 2018, 39, 519–540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lievens, A.; Blažević, V. A service design perspective on the stakeholder engagement journey during B2B innovation: Challenges and future research agenda. Ind. Mark. Manag. 2021, 95, 128–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Alstyne, M.W.; Parker, G.G.; Choudary, S.P. Pipelines, platforms, and the new rules of strategy. Harv. Bus. Rev. 2016, 94, 54–62. [Google Scholar]
- Nieborg, D.B.; Poell, T. The platformization of cultural production: Theorizing the contingent cultural commodity. New Media Soc. 2018, 20, 4275–4292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Z. Infrastructuralization of Tik Tok: Transformation, power relationships, and platformization of video entertainment in China. Media Cult. Soc. 2021, 43, 219–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vargo, S.L.; Lusch, R.F. Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing. J. Mark. 2004, 68, 1–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grönroos, C.; Voima, P. Critical service logic: Making sense of value creation and co-creation. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 2013, 41, 133–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheung, M.L.; Pires, G.D.; Rosenberger, P.J.; Leung, W.K.S.; Salehhuddin Sharipudin, M.-N. The role of consumer-consumer interaction and consumer-brand interaction in driving consumer-brand engagement and behavioral intentions. J. Retail. Consum. Serv. 2021, 61, 102574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Behnam, M.; Dickson, G.; Delshab, V.; Gerke, A.; Savari Nikou, P. The moderating effect of fan engagement on the relationship between fan knowledge and fan co-creation in social media. Int. J. Sports Mark. Spons. 2023, 24, 606–622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lusch, R.; Vargo, S.; Tanniru, M. Service, Value Networks and Learning. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 2009, 38, 19–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McDonald, H.; Biscaia, R.; Yoshida, M.; Conduit, J.; Doyle, J.P. Customer Engagement in Sport: An Updated Review and Research Agenda. J. Sport Manag. 2022, 36, 289–304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Centeno, D.; Wang, J.J. Celebrities as human brands: An inquiry on stakeholder-actor co-creation of brand identities. J. Bus. Res. 2017, 74, 133–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Santos, T.O.; Correia, A.; Biscaia, R.; Pegoraro, A. Examining fan engagement through social networking sites. Int. J. Sports Mark. Spons. 2019, 20, 163–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Steve Fong, C.C. Strategic management accounting of social networking site service company in China. J. Technol. Manag. China 2011, 6, 125–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, L.; Zhang, M.; Ming, Y.; Niu, T.; Wang, Y. The effect of image richness on customer engagement: Evidence from Sina Weibo. J. Bus. Res. 2023, 154, 113307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scholz, J.; Smith, A.N. Augmented reality: Designing immersive experiences that maximize consumer engagement. Bus. Horizons 2016, 59, 149–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.T.; Cassany, D. The ‘danmu’ phenomenon and media participation: Intercultural understanding and language learning through ‘The Ministry of Time’. Comunicar 2019, 58, 19–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- AlHasan, A.J.M.S. The Power of YouTube Videos for Surgical Journals. Surgery 2023, 174, 744–746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- von Richthofen, G.; von Wangenheim, F. Managing service providers in the sharing economy: Insights from Airbnb’s host management. J. Bus. Res. 2021, 134, 765–777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petricevic, O.; Teece, D.J. The structural reshaping of globalization: Implications for strategic sectors, profiting from innovation, and the multinational enterprise. J. Int. Bus. Stud. 2019, 50, 1487–1512. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reinartz, W.; Wiegand, N.; Imschloss, M. The impact of digital transformation on the retailing value chain. Int. J. Res. Mark. 2019, 36, 350–366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teece, D.J. Profiting from innovation in the digital economy: Enabling technologies, standards, and licensing models in the wireless world. Res. Policy 2018, 47, 1367–1387. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matarazzo, M.; Penco, L.; Profumo, G.; Quaglia, R. Digital transformation and customer value creation in Made in Italy SMEs: A dynamic capabilities perspective. J. Bus. Res. 2021, 123, 642–656. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarasvuo, S.; Rindell, A.; Kovalchuk, M. Toward a conceptual understanding of co-creation in branding. J. Bus. Res. 2021, 139, 543–563. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ranjan, K.R.; Read, S. Value co-creation: Concept and measurement. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 2016, 44, 290–315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Q.; Negus, K. East Asian pop music idol production and the emergence of data fandom in China. Int. J. Cult. Stud. 2020, 23, 493–511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hur, W.; Ahn, K.; Kim, M. Building brand loyalty through managing brand community commitment. Manag. Decis. 2011, 49, 1194–1213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McIntyre, D.P.; Srinivasan, A. Networks, platforms, and strategy: Emerging views and next steps. Strat. Manag. J. 2016, 38, 141–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- StStavros, C.; Meng, M.D.; Westberg, K.; Farrelly, F. Understanding fan motivation for interacting on social media. Sport Manag. Rev. 2014, 17, 455–469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Patrício, L.; Fisk, R.P.; Cunha, J.F.; Constantine, L. Multilevel Service Design: From Customer Value Constellation to Service Experience Blueprinting. J. Serv. Res. 2011, 14, 180–200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benbasat, I.; Goldstein, D.K.; Mead, M. The Case Research Strategy in Studies of Information Systems. MIS Q. 1987, 11, 369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ridder, H.-G. The theory contribution of case study research designs. Bus. Res. 2017, 10, 281–305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, R.K. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3rd ed.; Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Ozcan, P.; Eisenhardt, K.M. Origin of Alliance Portfolios: Entrepreneurs, Network Strategies, and Firm Performance. Acad. Manag. J. 2009, 52, 246–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herriott, R.E.; Firestone, W.A. Multisite Qualitative Policy Research: Optimizing Description and Generalizability. Educ. Res. 1983, 12, 14–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kai, Y.O. The Influence of Mainland China’s Cultural Soft Power on Taiwan’s Political Security: A Case Study on Idol Survival Variety Programmes; Nanyang Technological University: Nanyang, China, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, J.; Lee, H.; Chung, N. The impact of customers’ prior online experience on future hotel usage behavior. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 2020, 91, 102669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Etikan, I.; Musa, S.A.; Alkassim, R.S. Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2016, 5, 1–4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oppermann, M. Triangulation—A methodological discussion. Int. J. Tour. Res. 2000, 2, 141–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eisenhardt, K.M. Building Theories from Case Study Research. Acad. Manag. Rev. 1989, 14, 532–550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mishler, E.G. Research Interviewing: Context and Narrative; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1991. [Google Scholar]
- Patton, M.Q. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 2nd ed.; Sage Publications, Inc.: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 1990; p. 532. [Google Scholar]
- Perry, C. Processes of a case study methodology for postgraduate research in marketing. Eur. J. Mark. 1998, 32, 785–802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krippendorff, K. Content Analysis An Introduction to Its Methodology, 4th ed.; SAGE: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2018; p. 472. [Google Scholar]
- Graneheim, U.H.; Lindgren, B.-M.; Lundman, B. Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper. Nurse Educ. Today 2017, 56, 29–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Graneheim, U.H.; Lundman, B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ. Today 2004, 24, 105–112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sugihartati, R.; Suyanto, B.; Sirry, M. The Shift from Consumers to Prosumers: Susceptibility of Young Adults to Radicalization. Soc. Sci. 2020, 9, 40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, J.-S.; Kerr, D.; Chou, C.Y.; Ang, C. Business co-creation for service innovation in the hospitality and tourism industry. Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag. 2017, 29, 1522–1540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, T.; Gerlowski, D.; Acs, Z. Working from home: Small business performance and the COVID-19 pandemic. Small Bus. Econ. 2021, 58, 611–636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fathy, D.; Elsharnouby, M.H.; AbouAish, E. Fans behave as buyers? Assimilate fan-based and team-based drivers of fan engagement. J. Res. Interact. Mark. 2022, 16, 329–345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, J.; Li, T.; Chen, R.; Yang, K.; Li, P.; Wen, S. Converting idol worship into destination loyalty: A study of “idol pilgrimage tour” in China. J. Res. Interact. Mark. 2023; ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McCarthy, J.; Rowley, J.; Keegan, B.J. Social media marketing strategy in English football clubs. Soccer Soc. 2022, 23, 513–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fennell, D.; Guo, Y. Ubiquitous Love or Not? Animal Welfare and Animal-Informed Consent in Giant Panda Tourism. Animals 2023, 13, 718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liao, C.; Fu, P. Love your idol in a ‘cleaned’ way: Fans, fundraising platform, and fandom governance in China. Media Int. Aust. 2022, 185, 57–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fehrer, J.A.; Woratschek, H.; Brodie, R.J. A systemic logic for platform business models. J. Serv. Manag. 2018, 29, 546–568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vale, L.; Fernandes, T. Social media and sports: Driving fan engagement with football clubs on Facebook. J. Strateg. Mark. 2018, 26, 37–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Woo, H.; Kim, S.J.; Wang, H. Understanding the role of service innovation behavior on business customer performance and loyalty. Ind. Mark. Manag. 2021, 93, 41–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jovanovic, M.; Sjödin, D.; Parida, V. Co-evolution of platform architecture, platform services, and platform governance: Expanding the platform value of industrial digital platforms. Technovation 2021, 118, 102218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schiavone, F.; Mancini, D.; Leone, D.; Lavorato, D. Digital business models and ridesharing for value co-creation in healthcare: A multi-stakeholder ecosystem analysis. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 2021, 166, 120647. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, Z. Commercialization of Creative Videos in China in the Digital Platform Age. Telev. New Media 2020, 22, 152747642095358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brandt, S. Donald Trump, the Reality Show: Populism as Performance and Spectacle Donald Trump, die Reality-Show: Populismusals Performanz und Schauspiel. Z. Lit. Linguist. 2020, 50, 303–321. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, D. An(un)romantic journey: Authentic performance in a Chinese dating show. Glob. Media China 2020, 5, 40–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, Q.; Li, Y. Civic Engagement Intention and the Data-Driven Fan Community: Investigating the Motivation behind Chinese Fans’ Online Data-Making Behavior from a Collective Action Perspective. Soc. Media Soc. 2023, 9, 20563051221150409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Locher, M.A.; Messerli, T.C. Translating the other: Communal TV watching of Korean TV drama. J. Pragmat. 2020, 170, 20–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, E.; Tang, L.; Bosselman, R. Customer Perceptions of Innovativeness: An Accelerator for Value Co-Creation. J. Hosp. Tour. Res. 2019, 43, 807–838. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gorfinkel, L. Chinese Television and National Identity Construction: The Cultural Politics of Music-Entertainment Talent Showmes, 1st ed.; Routledge: London, UK, 2017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Code | Category | Title | Data Source | Date of Interview |
---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | Participants | TW participants | Call interview | 11 October 2022 |
A2 | Participants | HK participants | Text mode interview | 24 October 2022 |
A3 | Talent show staff | PRC sponsor contact and director | Call interview | 27 October 2022 |
A4 | Talent show staff | PRC translator | Call interview | 1 November 2022 |
A5 | Talent show Staff | TW participants manager | Text mode interview | 29 October 2022 |
A6 | Cooperative platform staff | TW advertising contact | Face-to-face interview | 6 November 2022 |
A7 | Fan club | Fans of TW show | Text mode interview | 25 October 2022 |
A8 | Fan club | Fans of HK show | Text mode interview | 30 October 2022 |
A9 | Fan club | Fans of PRC show | Text mode interview | 3 November 2022 |
Category Code | Second-Order Code | Open Code |
---|---|---|
Digital platforms and the service ecosystem | Digital platforms | Platform voting |
Platform cooperation | ||
Live voting | ||
Vote | App voting | |
Internet voting | ||
Talent shows | Talent show production | Talent show operation |
Talent show process | ||
Value co-creation | Audience | Fans interaction |
Collaboration | App resources sharing | |
App voting | ||
Participants | Control | |
Features | ||
Agency | Main company | |
Dynamic capabilities and value network | The Method | Realization |
Talent Show | The effect of the show | |
Discussion sessions | ||
Sessions | Performance sessions | |
Life session |
Produce 101 | Good Night Show | DD52 |
---|---|---|
Mainland China | Hong Kong | Taiwan |
A total of four seasons | A total of two seasons | A total of three seasons |
First season: 2018 | First season: 2020 | First season: 2018 |
10 episodes in the first season | 61 episodes in the first season | 13 episodes in the first season |
Mainland China: web | Hong Kong: VIU TV and web | Taiwan: TV and web |
YouTube | Bilibili (mainland China) | Youku (mainland China) |
2 h for the first episode | 31 min for the first episode | 2 h and 17 min for the first episode |
YouTube: 4,729,976 views | Bilibili: 1,599,000 views | YouTube: 715,191 views |
None | 3 points audience rating | 0.2–0.3 points audience rating |
185,244 and 357 votes | 21.4% of the judge and public votes | 1390,146 votes |
9 brand sponsors | 8 brand sponsors | 4 brand sponsors |
Free of charge | Free for the first two episodes | Free of charge |
Produce 101 | Good Night Show | DD52 |
---|---|---|
VIP extras and other services | VIP members can watch subsequent episodes | A series of co-branded merchandise such as hats, t-shirts and pillows are launched |
Free voting and paid voting, six voting channels and purchase members to receive platform services and additional votes | Free voting, single platform. Voters can change their choices an unlimited number of times before the close of polling, and only one vote is counted | Free voting and paid voting, six voting platforms and members can purchase more votes |
Functions of community sharing and real-time pop-up | App: live discussion, AR interactive games and talent show schedule | YouTube platform: functions of messaging, liking and sharing |
The result is decided by fans | The result is jointly decided by fans and the final judges | The result is decided by fans |
Fans need to keep voting to help their favorite contestants to win | Fans do not have to constantly vote for their favorite contestants every day | The voting number of contestants varies from platform to platform; fans need to participate in the multi-platform voting to provide more votes for the contestants |
Produce 101 | Good Night Show | DD52 |
---|---|---|
43 talent agencies | 6 talent agencies | 23 talent agencies |
Fan vote for the first 11 girls who will debut as a girl group | Fans vote for one group and the production company chooses two groups | Judges choose one champion team and fans vote for the most popular team |
One initiator (host), two vocal music tutors, two dance tutors and one singing/creation tutor | Five judges and four tutors are divided into two teams to train the participants | Four tutors, a talent show assistant and a host |
101 contestants | 99 contestants | 104 contestants |
3 months | 3 months | 3 months |
Contract duration of 2 years for a temporary group | Long-term contracts | Contract duration of 3~5 years |
Produce 101 | Good Night Show | DD52 | |
---|---|---|---|
Peer | Grouping, competing and becoming good friends | Competitive performance | Competition and strategy |
Contents conveyed | Developing and working hard | Diversified elements | Youthful vitality |
Participants design | Painstaking training | Judges’ conversations and comments in small room | Contestants’ self-expression and personal emotional content |
Negative effects | Building the image of contestants by editing the contents of the program | Judges have more say, and there are fewer aspects of the main show that are not performance | The topic is created by performing the current hot topic |
Publicity | Creating heated topics on social media | YouTube advertisement | YouTube advertisement |
Participant | Network | Provide | Obtain | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Value Connotation | ||||
Manager | Control | Product and service | Build a self-brand | |
Sponsor | Investment | Finance and product | Advertising | |
Tutor and guests | Actor | Professional advice | Exposure | |
Contestants | Actor | Performance | Attention and professional development | |
Show agencies | Partner | Contestants | Value produced by contestants | |
Fans | Participator | Interaction | Experience |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ng, W.-K.; Yang, C.-M.; Chen, C.-L. Value Co-Creation on TV Talent Shows: Cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2024, 19, 249-271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19010014
Ng W-K, Yang C-M, Chen C-L. Value Co-Creation on TV Talent Shows: Cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2024; 19(1):249-271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg, Wai-Kit, Cheng-Ming Yang, and Chun-Liang Chen. 2024. "Value Co-Creation on TV Talent Shows: Cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong" Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 19, no. 1: 249-271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19010014
APA StyleNg, W. -K., Yang, C. -M., & Chen, C. -L. (2024). Value Co-Creation on TV Talent Shows: Cases from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 19(1), 249-271. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19010014