Emerging and Resurging Viruses: Zoonotic Threats in a Changing World

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging and resurging viruses—especially those with zoonotic potential— remain a major and evolving threat to animal health, human health, and socio-economic stability. Changes in human–animal interactions, wildlife and livestock management, land use, climate, and global mobility continue to reshape the processes that drive viral emergence, re-emergence, and spread. At the same time, advances in molecular virology and disease surveillance are transforming how these threats are detected, interpreted, and anticipated.

This Topic aims to bring together high-quality contributions that address emerging and resurging zoonotic viruses across the human–animal–environment interface. We welcome studies spanning viral genetics and evolution, molecular mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis, virus–host interactions, virus–reservoir adaptations, molecular determinants of cross-species transmission, and the biological mechanisms underlying spillover and spillback events. Contributions on pathogenesis, diagnostics, epidemiology, and preparedness strategies within a One Health framework are also encouraged.

Particular attention is given to the integration of classical virology with modern surveillance and analytical approaches, including metagenomics, global sequence-sharing platforms (e.g., GISAID), large-scale genomic and epidemiological datasets, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning for outbreak detection and risk assessment.

By combining molecular, ecological, and data-driven perspectives, this Topic seeks to provide a timely overview of current challenges while highlighting realistic pathways toward improved preparedness and response.

Prof. Dr. Levon Abrahamyan
Dr. Francesco Vairo
Topic Editors