Microbiota-Immunity Axis in the Different Pathological Disorders

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, interest in the human microbiota, which supports numerous physiological functions ranging from digestion to the production of essential metabolites, has increased significantly. A crucial role of the microbiota is its interaction with the immune system, promoting its natural development and modulating its responses to various types of pathogens. However, in the context of dysbiosis or immune dysregulation, the microbiota–immunity axis can have significant impacts on the development of various diseases, including autoimmunity, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Therefore, the aim of this Topic is to create a collection of papers focusing on the characterization of the microbiota–immunity axis in light of the development of human diseases.

Dr. Amedeo Amedei
Dr. Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Biomedicines biomedicines	3.9	6.8	2013	14.6 Days	CHF 2600
Current Issues in Molecular Biology cimb	3.0	3.7	1999	15.8 Days	CHF 2200
Diagnostics diagnostics	3.3	5.9	2011	20.3 Days	CHF 2600
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ijms	4.9	9.0	2000	16.8 Days	CHF 2900
Microbiology Research microbiolres	2.2	2.8	2010	15.4 Days	CHF 1600
Microorganisms microorganisms	4.2	7.7	2013	11.7 Days	CHF 2700

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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All Biomedicines CIMB Diagnostics IJMS Microbiology Research Microorganisms

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25 pages, 2929 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Mining Autoimmune-Disorder-Linked Molecular-Mimicry Candidates in Clostridioides difficile and Prospects of Mimic-Based Vaccine Design: An In Silico Approach

by Saleh Alshamrani, Mutaib M. Mashraqi, Ahmad Alzamami, Norah A. Alturki, Hassan H. Almasoudi, Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani and Zarrin Basharat

Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092300 - 12 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2765

Abstract

Molecular mimicry, a phenomenon in which microbial or environmental antigens resemble host antigens, has been proposed as a potential trigger for autoimmune responses. In this study, we employed a bioinformatics approach to investigate the role of molecular mimicry in Clostridioides difficile-caused infections [...] Read more.

Molecular mimicry, a phenomenon in which microbial or environmental antigens resemble host antigens, has been proposed as a potential trigger for autoimmune responses. In this study, we employed a bioinformatics approach to investigate the role of molecular mimicry in Clostridioides difficile-caused infections and the induction of autoimmune disorders due to this phenomenon. Comparing proteomes of host and pathogen, we identified 23 proteins that exhibited significant sequence homology and were linked to autoimmune disorders. The disorders included rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Alzheimer’s disease, etc., while infections included viral and bacterial infections like HIV, HCV, and tuberculosis. The structure of the homologous proteins was superposed, and RMSD was calculated to find the maximum deviation, while accounting for rigid and flexible regions. Two sequence mimics (antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic) of ≥10 amino acids from these proteins were used to design a vaccine construct to explore the possibility of eliciting an immune response. Docking analysis of the top vaccine construct C2 showed favorable interactions with HLA and TLR-4 receptor, indicating potential efficacy. The B-cell and T-helper cell activity was also simulated, showing promising results for effective immunization against C. difficile infections. This study highlights the potential of C. difficile to trigger autoimmunity through molecular mimicry and vaccine design based on sequence mimics that trigger a defensive response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Microbiota-Immunity Axis in the Different Pathological Disorders)

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18 pages, 7408 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Research on Pachymaran to Ameliorate CsA-Induced Immunosuppressive Lung Injury by Regulating Microflora Metabolism

by Chun Ye, Zi-Han Gao, Kai-Qin Chen, Fang-Guo Lu and Ke Wei

Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2249; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092249 - 7 Sep 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1699

Abstract

Pachymaran (PCP), the major medicinal constituent of Poria cocos, has a regulatory effect on immunosuppressive lung injury, but its mechanism of action with respect to gut microorganisms and their metabolites is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective [...] Read more.

Pachymaran (PCP), the major medicinal constituent of Poria cocos, has a regulatory effect on immunosuppressive lung injury, but its mechanism of action with respect to gut microorganisms and their metabolites is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of PCP against immunosuppressive lung injury caused by cyclosporine A (CsA), and to reveal its possible mechanism of action via the comprehensive analysis of 16S rRNA and LC-MS. We demonstrated that PCP was effective at alleviating CsA-induced immunosuppressive lung injury by restoring the organ indices and lung tissue morphology and structure. PCP significantly altered the composition of the gut and lung microbiota in mice with CsA-induced immunosuppressive lung injury by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria from the Eubacterium nodatum group, Eubacterium ventriosum group, Akkermansia, and Ruminococcus, and reducing the pathogenic Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group to fulfill its immunomodulatory role. In lung tissue microecology, PCP intervention significantly reduced the abundance of Chryseobacterium, Lawsonella, Paracoccus, and Sediminibacterium and increased the abundance of Alloprevotella. The LC-MS results showed that PCP alleviated the CsA-induced immunosuppression of lung tissue injury. The model serum metabolite Americine decreased the expression of PC(O-18:1(4Z)/0:0). Our results suggest that PCP may be involved in regulating the composition, function, and metabolism of the gut and lung microbiota to reverse CsA-induced immunosuppressive lung injury. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Microbiota-Immunity Axis in the Different Pathological Disorders)

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19 pages, 350 KiB  

Open AccessReview

How Do Diet Patterns, Single Foods, Prebiotics and Probiotics Impact Gut Microbiota?

by Andrea Piccioni, Marcello Covino, Marcello Candelli, Veronica Ojetti, Annunziata Capacci, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi and Giuseppe Merra

Microbiol. Res. 2023, 14(1), 390-408; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14010030 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 8762

Abstract

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic population of commensal bacterial species, which have coevolved with the host, generating a symbiotic relationship. Some compounds present in foods, such as polyols, prebiotic fibers, or phenolic compounds, are poorly metabolized and absorbed by [...] Read more.

The human gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex and dynamic population of commensal bacterial species, which have coevolved with the host, generating a symbiotic relationship. Some compounds present in foods, such as polyols, prebiotic fibers, or phenolic compounds, are poorly metabolized and absorbed by the host before the transformation guided by the colonic microbiota. By influencing gut microbiota, diet plays a fundamental role in understanding the beneficial effects of the gut microbiota on the host, including its long-term metabolism. The idea that probiotics can act not only by influencing the colonizing microbiota opens the door to a wider range of probiotic possibilities, encouraging innovation in the field. Furthermore, it has been shown both that some probiotics increase phagocytosis or the activity of natural killer cells. Current prebiotics are mainly based on carbohydrates, but other substances, such as polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, could exert prebiotic effects. A prebiotic substance has been defined as ‘a substrate that is selectively used by host microorganisms that confer a health benefit’, and so can interact with the gut microbiota through competition for nutrients, antagonism, cross-feeding, and support for microbiota stability. Influencing its composition in terms of richness and diversity, food components have a key impact on the intestinal microbiota. Eating habits can strongly influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. A healthy intestinal microbiota is essential for maintaining general health, and diet is one of the major modulators of this fascinating world of microorganisms. This must give us one more reason to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Microbiota-Immunity Axis in the Different Pathological Disorders)

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