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Toxins
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Diversity, Function, Biological Activity, Detoxification, Contamination, Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation...
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Diversity, Function, Biological Activity, Detoxification, Contamination, Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation of Mycotoxins

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 1327

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ligang Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: mycotoxin; phytotoxin; detoxification; biological activity; biological function; pathogenicity; biosynthesis; metabolic regulation; contamination; diversity
Prof. Dr. Zhenhong Zhuang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, Proteomic Research Center, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Interests: morphogenesis; mycotoxin; biological activity; biological function; pathogenicity; metabolic regulation; contamination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Mycotoxins play important roles in fungal growth and development, and the interactions between fungi and the environment or other organisms. In recent years, many advances have been made in the field of mycotoxins including their diversity, functions, biological activities, detoxification, detection and analysis, contamination, biosynthesis, metabolic regulations, development and utilization. This Special Issue aims at disseminating up-to-date information on the diversity, function, biological activity, detoxification, contamination, biosynthesis and metabolic regulation of mycotoxins, as well as providing a basis for their management and utilization.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Identification of novel mycotoxins;
  • Distribution of mycotoxins in fungi;
  • Biological activities of mycotoxins;
  • Physiological and ecological functions of mycotoxins;
  • Biosynthesis of mycotoxins;
  • Metabolic regulations of mycotoxins;
  • Contamination of mycotoxins;
  • Detoxification of mycotoxins;
  • Phytotoxins produced by plant pathogenic fungi;
  • Pathogenicity of mycotoxins.

Prof. Dr. Ligang Zhou
Prof. Dr. Zhenhong Zhuang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mycotoxin
  • biological activity
  • biological function
  • biosynthesis
  • metabolic regulation
  • contamination
  • diversity
  • detoxification
  • phytotoxin
  • pathogenicity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1441 KB  
Article
Fusariumic Acids I and J, Two New Phytotoxic Isocassadiene-Type Diterpenoids from Tomato Fusarium Crown and Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
by Prosper Amuzu, Gan Gu, Xuwen Hou, Jiahang Sun, Muhammad Abubakar Jakada, Eromosele Odigie, Daowan Lai and Ligang Zhou
Toxins 2026, 18(4), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18040173 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 187
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl) is the etiological agent of tomato Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR), a devastating soil-borne disease that severely compromises global tomato production. The pathogenicity of Forl has been increasingly linked to its capacity to produce [...] Read more.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl) is the etiological agent of tomato Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR), a devastating soil-borne disease that severely compromises global tomato production. The pathogenicity of Forl has been increasingly linked to its capacity to produce phytotoxic isocassadiene-type diterpenoids. In this study, Forl was cultured in rice medium to obtain Forl cultures, which were used for the separation and identification of secondary metabolites. After removing the known metabolites, two new isocassadiene-type diterpenoid compounds, namely fusariumic acids I (1) and J (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic data analyses and quantum chemical calculations. This is the first report of the fusariumic acid analogs containing a hydroxyl group at position C–1 in the molecule. Fusariumic acids I (1) and J (2) exhibited significantly inhibitory activities on the hypocotyl elongation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) seedlings, as well as on the coleoptile elongation of rice (Oryza sativa var. japonica) seedlings at concentrations from 10 to 100 µg/mL. The discovery of two new phytotoxic isocassadiene-type diterpenoids expanded the diversity of secondary metabolites of Forl. Meanwhile, it provided critical insights into Forl-tomato interactions and the candidate lead compounds for the development of new herbicides as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Function, Biological Activity, Detoxification, Contamination, Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation of Mycotoxins)
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35 pages, 2573 KB  
Article
Stability and Efficacy of Fungicides Registered for Organic and Commercial Wheat Production in Hungary Against Fusarium Head Blight—A Comprehensive Methodology to Enhance Food Safety
by Tamás Meszlényi, Katalin Ács, Attila Berényi, Daniel Nagy and Ákos Mesterhazy
Toxins 2026, 18(3), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18030123 - 2 Mar 2026
Viewed by 580
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most significant diseases in wheat globally, affecting about 200 million tons of grain per year through mycotoxin contamination. Besides yield losses, mycotoxin contamination is a major concern. FHB resistance in wheat is partial and polygenic, [...] Read more.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most significant diseases in wheat globally, affecting about 200 million tons of grain per year through mycotoxin contamination. Besides yield losses, mycotoxin contamination is a major concern. FHB resistance in wheat is partial and polygenic, and since the efficacy of plant protection measures is generally weak-to-moderate, an integrated approach is needed for successful control. We evaluated a more comprehensive methodology for improved protection; in this two-year study, five registered organic products and six conventional products were compared under artificial and natural infection conditions. The disease index (DI), Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDKs) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination were evaluated. The stability of the fungicides was also evaluated based on 10 epidemic conditions. The organic fungicides showed much lower efficacy than the conventional ones, although significant reductions in symptoms and DON contamination were observed. In each group, significant variability was detected. The best fungicides for DON contamination showed the lowest variance (highest stability) between 10 and 20 (Verben, Prosaro, Ascra Xpro). The organic fungicides were much less stable; the least stable showed a variance of 141 (Fusarium control: 264). The best organic fungicide was the Bordeaux mixture supported by sulfur addition (variance: 54). The DI and FDK values presented very similar trends. For the more resistant cultivar GK Pilis, the combined DON reduction exceeded 90% for all fungicides. For the most susceptible cultivar, GK Békés, the values were between 30 and 83%, respectively. High resistance to FHB and toxin contamination is the key to controlling FHB in both organic and conventional production. For efficient fungicide control, stable resistance to disease and toxin accumulation are equally required. Principal component analysis (PCA) verified the importance of considering all traits to identify the fungicidal “fingerprint” and demonstrated the differences between fungicides regardless of their organic or conventional nature. PC response differs for traits and fungicides, supporting the complex evaluation of plant and fungicide behavior. Knowledge of resistance levels, in addition to improving mycotoxin control, aids in disease forecasting and epidemic management. The results are applicable to both organic and conventional production systems. Due to the variability in resistance and fungicidal effects, there is an opportunity to improve food safety in both organic and conventional wheat production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Function, Biological Activity, Detoxification, Contamination, Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulation of Mycotoxins)
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