Search Results (580)

In the open-winding motor fed by a common DC bus, unbalanced inverter common-mode voltage (CMV), zero-sequence components of the permanent magnet flux linkage, and the PWM dead-time effect can induce a zero-sequence current (ZSC) through the inherent current path. For an open-winding five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-FPPMSM) applied in an aerospace rocket starter-generator system, two ZSC suppression strategies based on zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) generation mechanisms are proposed in this paper, which improve motor performance in a simple and efficient manner. In the first strategy, the conventional method is modified to enable asynchronous operation of the two inverters, thereby generating the required ZSV pulses. The switching order and time offset between the two inverters are determined by the reference ZSV. The second strategy employs basic voltage vectors with larger magnitudes, resulting in higher DC bus voltage utilization. By adjusting the switching sequence of the second inverter, the ZSC components at the carrier frequency are eliminated. Both strategies also achieve the injection of the third-harmonic current. Finally, the two strategies are further analyzed in terms of the modulation index and ZSV modulation range. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the ZSC suppression strategies. Full article

This paper presents an adaptive talkative power (TP) framework that enables simultaneous high-efficiency power transfer and reliable data communication under time-varying load conditions. A high-frequency TP-based bidirectional boost converter employing a SiC-based zero voltage switching–quasi square wave (ZVS-QSW) topology is proposed, incorporating closed-loop online efficiency optimization. Data transmission is realized through adaptive switching-frequency modulation at the transmitter, allowing information encoding while preserving optimal power transfer efficiency. To support reliable data detection under unknown and non-constant load conditions, an adaptive receiver architecture is developed that extracts information from output voltage ripple variations induced by frequency modulation. Owing to the nonlinear and complex nature of the ripple characteristics, a supervised machine-learning-based classification approach is employed for data detection, eliminating the need for prior knowledge of converter parameters and overcoming the limitations of conventional maximum-likelihood detection methods. The proposed system is validated through real-time simulations using a dSPACE MicroLabBox system in conjunction with MATLAB/Simulink R2025b. Simulation results demonstrate power transfer efficiencies approaching 98% while enabling reliable and efficient data transmission across a wide range of operating conditions, including varying conversion ratios and dynamic load variations, thereby confirming the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed TP-based power and data transmission scheme. Full article

A triple phase shift (TPS) modulation strategy is proposed for a three-port active bridge (TAB) converter in shipboard zonal DC systems. Unlike traditional multi-port converters, the TAB realizes voltage conversion and bidirectional power conversion under TPS modulation. It exhibits superior performance in reducing control complexity, enhancing fault-tolerant capability, and extending the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) region under normal and fault operation modes. To further enhance its conversion efficiency, a deep reinforcement learning optimization approach based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is introduced to adaptively optimize TPS control parameters and minimize the overall power losses of the converter. To verify the proposed TPS modulation and DDPG-based optimization strategy for the TAB converter topology, a corresponding hardware prototype is built and experimentally tested under different operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the TAB architecture with DDPG optimization effectively reduces current stress and power loss, boosting the converter’s maximum efficiency to 96.9% under normal mode and a 3% efficiency gain after fault isolation. Full article

Although electric vehicles are being vigorously promoted around the world, the mileage anxiety problem is an important hindrance to their development. Thus, this paper proposes an auxiliary half-bridge dual active bridge (AH-DAB) converter between different electric vehicles, which is based on nonlinear virtual power predictive control. For the converter, characteristics of high power density, wide voltage gain range, and high efficiency are necessary. Firstly, an AH-DAB converter is applied to improve the control variable. Under this effect, the converter can switch between the half-bridge and the full-bridge converter. Secondly, a duty ratio design method is proposed to improve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) performance. Therefore, wide voltage gain range, decoupling of control variables, and high efficiency can be achieved in the nonlinear AH-DAB system. Thirdly, the nonlinear virtual power predictive control is proposed to ensure energy transfer between two electric vehicles. Based on this, the phase shift angle can be predicted and adjusted by ensuring that the actual power is consistently maintained close to the reference power. Moreover, the virtual power is generated to represent the reference power, which can reduce the number of current sensors. Finally, simulation and experiment results collectively show the wide voltage gain range and high efficiency of the proposed AH-DAB converter. Full article

The wide voltage range of energy storage batteries, as currently required in the electric vehicle industry, presents significant challenges for the optimal design of the dual active bridge (DAB) converters used in bidirectional DC–DC (BCD) plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) chargers and home energy management systems (HEMS) applications. This article proposes a DAB converter with an enhanced single-phase-shift (ESPS) modulation that extends the operating voltage range while maintaining zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) conditions by including a DC-blocking capacitor and modifying the trigger sequence of the bridge converter on the secondary side. The operational modes of this modulation scheme are presented, and a control strategy is developed to extend the ZVS range. To validate the concept, a 3.7 kW, 100 kHz prototype is designed and tested, interfacing a 400 V DC bus with a 400–800 V battery. Using 1200 V silicon carbide (SiC) devices, the prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 95.5%. Full article

Multiport DC–AC converters are widely used in photovoltaic-energy storage–charging systems, but traditional two-stage schemes face challenges in circuit cost and efficiency improvements. To address this issue, a novel three-port single-stage DC–AC converter is proposed for grid-connected applications. The proposed converter integrates two DC ports and one AC port through circuit multiplexing, eliminating the high-voltage DC bus and reducing system complexity. An unfolding bridge is employed at the AC port, and full bridge circuits are used at DC ports, reducing the number of high-frequency switches. The proposed single-stage topology inherently achieves galvanic isolation and bidirectional power conversion. To achieve accurate grid current regulation and wide-range zero-voltage-switching, a multiple-phase-shift modulation method is developed to ensure a sinusoidal current waveform. The effectiveness of the proposed converter and modulation method is verified through simulation results, demonstrating a peak efficiency of 97% and a total harmonic distortion of 2.91%. Full article

This paper presents a dual-phase dual-path hybrid buck–boost (DPBB) converter with an offset-controlled zero-current detector for Li-ion battery applications. Compared with inductive buck–boost converters, the proposed hybrid converter has a continuous input current, reducing the input voltage (V_IN) ripple, which is caused by the parasitic inductance of the bonding wire. The proposed switching operation of the DPBB topology shows a low inductor current ripple with the continuous output delivery current; therefore, the ripple of the output voltage (V_OUT) is reduced with the efficiency improvement. Compared with the prior hybrid buck–boost converters, it supports the buck and boost modes only by adjusting the duty cycle, so this addresses the issues of mode transitions. The proposed work utilizes the dual-phase operation to lower the conduction loss and improve the dynamic range. The proposed offset-controlled zero-current detector compensates for the timing error owing to the propagation delay of the control signals to reduce the reverse current from the output. The chip is fabricated using a 180-nm BCD process. It regulates V_OUT at 3.3 V with a wide V_IN range of 2.8 V to 4.2 V. Peak efficiencies of 95.88% and 93.08% are achieved in the buck and boost modes, respectively, with 140 mΩ of inductor DC resistance. Full article

Existing model predictive control (MPC) schemes based on virtual voltage vectors (VVVs) for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (DT-PMSMs) typically employ a limited set of voltage vectors, which restricts further improvement in steady-state performance. Moreover, the design of switching sequences lacks systematic consideration, focusing mainly on harmonic current suppression while neglecting practical engineering challenges associated with software-layer implementation. This paper proposes an optimized model predictive torque control (MPTC) method for DT-PMSMs using an expanded voltage vector set. First, to enhance steady-state performance, an extended control set of voltage vectors is designed, which introduces not only new directions but also two distinct voltage amplitude levels, resulting in a total of 48 voltage vectors. Second, to alleviate the significant computational burden caused by traversing the extended set for prediction, a candidate voltage vector selection table is constructed based on the sector position of the stator flux linkage and the requirements for torque and flux adjustment. This approach reduces the computational load to only 10 predictive calculations per control cycle, avoiding exhaustive traversal of the extended set. Furthermore, for all VVVs in the control set, a switching sequence combining active voltage vectors with zero vectors is designed to facilitate straightforward digital implementation. Finally, experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

In conventional CLLC topologies, CC/CV charging is typically implemented using closed-loop control strategies based on phase shift modulation. This not only increases control complexity but also requires additional voltage and current sensing circuits, thereby raising the overall system cost. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel CC/CV charging strategy. By analyzing the inherent characteristics of the coupled network, the switching frequencies corresponding to the CC and CV operating points are derived. By jointly applying frequency modulation and phase shift control to the CLLC converter, the system not only realizes CC/CV charging, but also enables the regulation of both the magnitude and the direction of power flow. Furthermore, to improve the system’s efficiency, a fine frequency tuning method is introduced to ensure operation under the critical zero-voltage switching (ZVS) condition. Finally, a 500 W prototype is constructed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Full article

Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft demand onboard power conversion systems that simultaneously achieve high gravimetric power density, robustness, and fault-tolerance. In this context, modular battery architectures based on per-string power electronic interfaces emerge as a key enabler for voltage regulation, fault isolation, and in-flight reconfiguration. However, the stringent mass and volume constraints of electric aviation place magnetic components among the primary limiting factors of converter scalability. This paper presents a design methodology for interleaved converters with coupled inductors that explicitly decompose common-mode, differential-mode, and uncoupled inductance components. The proposed approach enables independent adjustment of current ripple and dynamic response, allowing zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation while ensuring stable and controllable behavior under close-loop current regulation. The methodology is experimentally validated on a 4 kW two-phase interleaved GaN-based boost converter operating at 500 kHz. Experimental results demonstrate a peak efficiency of 97%, with less than 1% variation across the operating range, and stable dynamic behavior under load transients. These results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design methodology as a scalable solution for high-power-density, high-reliability power converters in electric aviation battery systems. Full article

Switched-inductor converters are ubiquitous in modern electronics. Their switching behavior makes them inherently nonlinear and unsuitable for classical linear frequency-response models, requiring linearization for stability analysis. Common approaches—such as state-space averaging, circuit averaging, and signal-flow graphs—can be algebraically intensive and may offer limited circuit-level interpretability. This paper proposes a direct small-signal AC response model for switched inductors in both CCM and DCM that preserves circuit intuition while maintaining the accuracy of conventional methods. The proposed framework enables the systematic derivation of the duty-cycle-to-output-voltage, duty-cycle-to-output-current, and duty-cycle-to-inductor-current transfer functions within a unified circuit representation. Bode plots of the duty-cycle-to-voltage and duty-cycle-to-current gains confirm that the model accurately captures the LC double pole and associated zeros, including the shift of the load-related zero in the reconstructed inductor-current gain. The resulting model remains straightforward to use, analyze, and simulate and may facilitate control-loop design as well as integration into automated synthesis or optimization tools. In DCM, the model further provides an analytical expression for the duty-cycle-to-inductor-current gain, contributing to a clearer understanding of this relationship in the literature. Results validated in SIMPLIS show excellent agreement with state-space averaging predictions. Full article

Power seats in vehicles require multiple cables, which can lead to potential short- or open-circuit issues. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a rail-embedded wireless power transfer coil. By embedding the coil within the rail structure, leakage magnetic fields are reduced by up to 90%, which helps mitigate electromagnetic interference. Additionally, various coil structures are compared and analyzed to enhance power transfer efficiency. Moreover, considering practical operating conditions where the power seat position varies, the compensation capacitance is determined based on the minimum Tx coil inductance to ensure zero-voltage-switching conditions. The theoretical analysis of power transfer efficiency is validated through simulation and experimental results. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is well suited for power seat applications, offering a compact structure while maintaining high power transfer efficiency. In this research, a power of 70 W is successfully transferred, achieving a maximum coil-to-coil power transfer efficiency of 92% and an overall system efficiency of 80%. Full article

Common-mode voltage (CMV) is a critical concern in motor drive applications employing multilevel inverters, as it can lead to significant issues such as high-frequency noise, electromagnetic interference, and motor bearing degradation. These effects can compromise the reliability, reduce the operational lifespan of electric machines, and introduce safety hazards. In this study, an enhanced Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy incorporating Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is proposed to specifically address CMV-related challenges in induction motors (IM) driven by a three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) inverter. The proposed DTC scheme utilizes a specialized modulation technique that effectively mitigates CMV while also minimizing current harmonic content, and torque and flux ripples with a constant switching frequency. The developed SVM algorithm simplifies the three-level space vector representation into six equivalent two-level diagrams, enabling more efficient control. The zero-voltage vector is synthesized virtually by combining two active vectors within a two-level hexagonal structure. The effectiveness of the proposed DTC approach is validated through both simulation and Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) testing. Compared to the conventional DTC method, the proposed solution demonstrates superior performance in CMV minimization and leakage current reduction. Notably, it limits the CMV amplitude to V_dc/6, a significant improvement over the V_dc/2 typically observed with the standard DTC approach. Full article

In this paper, a coupled-inductor-based interleaved Buck converter is presented. By employing a negatively coupled inductor, the proposed topology reduces magnetic component number and improves dynamic response. Operating in boundary conduction mode (BCM), the proposed converter can achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) under a wide voltage and load range. The control strategy is fully digital, allowing the switching frequency to be adaptively adjusted without the need for a zero-crossing detection (ZCD) circuit. Furthermore, an optimal coupling coefficient design is proposed, which minimizes the frequency adjustment range. In addition, the design process for a coupled inductor with an interleaved winding structure is introduced in detail. Finally, a 300 W experimental prototype is built, the experimental results of which demonstrate its effectiveness and feasibility. Full article

To address the issues of limited soft-switching range and high inductor current peak in traditional single phase shift (SPS) modulation for AC–DC converters under a wide range of voltage conversion ratio conditions, this paper proposes an optimized modulation strategy based on SPS modulation. First, the steady-state operating characteristics under SPS modulation are analyzed, and the current-transfer equation is derived. A conversion coefficient is then introduced to transform the conventional phase-shift ratio into a new variable. Based on this, the time-domain characteristics of the inductor current peak and the constraints for zero voltage switching (ZVS) are analyzed. An analytical expression of the conversion coefficient is obtained, which ensures ZVS operation for all switches in the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter and minimizes the inductor current peak. Finally, experiments verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed modulation strategy. Full article