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15 pages, 1833 KiB  
Article
Cluster Complementarity and Consistency Mining for Multi-View Representation Learning
by Yanyan Wen and Haifeng Li
Mathematics 2025, 13(15), 2521; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152521 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
With the advent of the big data era, multi-view clustering (MVC) methods have attracted considerable acclaim due to their capability in handling the multifaceted nature of data, which achieves impressive results across various fields. However, two significant challenges persist in MVC methods: (1) [...] Read more.
With the advent of the big data era, multi-view clustering (MVC) methods have attracted considerable acclaim due to their capability in handling the multifaceted nature of data, which achieves impressive results across various fields. However, two significant challenges persist in MVC methods: (1) They resort to learning view-invariant information of samples to bridge the heterogeneity gap between views, which may result in the loss of view-specific information that contributes to pattern mining. (2) They utilize fusion strategies that are susceptible to the discriminability of views, i.e., the concatenation and the weighing fusion of cross-view representations, to aggregate complementary and consistent information, which is difficult to guarantee semantic robustness of fusion representations. To this end, a simple yet effective cluster complementarity and consistency learning framework (CommonMVC) is proposed for mining patterns of multiview data. Specifically, a cluster complementarity learning is devised to endow fusion representations with discriminate information via nonlinearly aggregating view-specific information. Meanwhile, a cluster consistency learning is introduced via modeling instance-level and cluster-level partition invariance to coordinate the clustering partition of various views, which ensures the robustness of multi-view data pattern mining. Seamless collaboration between two components effectively enhances multi-view clustering performance. Finally, comprehensive experiments on four real-world datasets demonstrate CommonMVC establishes a new state-of-the-art baseline for the MVC task. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, 2nd Edition)
14 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Oscillatory Analysis of Third-Order Hybrid Trinomial Delay Differential Equations via Binomial Transform
by Ganesh Purushothaman, Ekambaram Chandrasekaran, George E. Chatzarakis and Ethiraju Thandapani
Mathematics 2025, 13(15), 2520; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152520 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The oscillatory behavior of a class of third-order hybrid-type delay differential equations—used to model various real-world phenomena in fluid dynamics, control systems, biology, and beam deflection—is investigated in this study. A novel method is proposed, whereby these complex trinomial equations are reduced to [...] Read more.
The oscillatory behavior of a class of third-order hybrid-type delay differential equations—used to model various real-world phenomena in fluid dynamics, control systems, biology, and beam deflection—is investigated in this study. A novel method is proposed, whereby these complex trinomial equations are reduced to a simpler binomial form by employing solutions of the corresponding linear differential equations. Through the use of comparison techniques and integral averaging methods, new oscillation criteria are derived to ensure that all solutions exhibit oscillatory behavior. These results are shown to extend and enhance existing theories in the oscillation analysis of functional differential equations. The effectiveness and originality of the proposed approach are illustrated by means of two representative examples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section C1: Difference and Differential Equations)
18 pages, 966 KiB  
Article
Microclimate Modification, Evapotranspiration, Growth and Essential Oil Yield of Six Medicinal Plants Cultivated Beneath a Dynamic Agrivoltaic System in Southern Italy
by Grazia Disciglio, Antonio Stasi, Annalisa Tarantino and Laura Frabboni
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2428; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152428 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
This study, conducted in Southern Italy in 2023, investigated the effects of a dynamic agrivoltaics (AV) system on microclimate, water consumption, plant growth, and essential oil yield in six medicinal species: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L. ‘Royal purple’), lemmon thyme (Thymus citriodorus [...] Read more.
This study, conducted in Southern Italy in 2023, investigated the effects of a dynamic agrivoltaics (AV) system on microclimate, water consumption, plant growth, and essential oil yield in six medicinal species: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L. ‘Royal purple’), lemmon thyme (Thymus citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. ar. ‘Aureus’), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. ‘Severn seas’), mint (Mentha spicata L. ‘Moroccan’), and sage (Salvia officinalis L. subsp. Officinalis). Due to the rotating solar panels, two distinct ground zones were identified: a consistently shaded area under the panels (UP), and a partially shaded area between the panels (BP). These were compared to an adjacent full-sun control area (T). Microclimate parameters, including solar radiation, air and leaf infrared temperature, and soil temperature, were recorded throughout the cultivation season. Reference evapotranspiration (ETO) was calculated using Turc’s method, and crop evapotranspiration (ETC) was estimated with species-specific crop coefficients (KC). Results showed significantly lower microclimatic values in the UP plot compared to both BP and especially T, resulting in ETC reductions of 81.1% in UP and 13.1% in BP relative to T, an advantage in water-scarce environments. Growth and yield responses varied among species and treatment plots. Except for mint, all species showed a significant reduction in fresh biomass (40.1% to 48.8%) under the high shading of UP compared to T. However, no biomass reductions were observed in BP. Notably, essential oil yields were higher in both UP and BP plots (0.60–2.63%) compared to the T plot (0.51–1.90%). These findings demonstrate that dynamic AV systems can enhance water use efficiency and essential oil yield, offering promising opportunities for sustainable, high-quality medicinal crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Full article
19 pages, 895 KiB  
Article
A Phytochemical and Biological Characterization of Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus Cultivar “Carciofo di Procida”, a Traditional Italian Agri-Food Product (PAT) of the Campania Region
by Giuseppina Tommonaro, Giulia De Simone, Carmine Iodice, Marco Allarà and Adele Cutignano
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3285; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153285 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus) is an endemic perennial plant of the Mediterranean area commonly consumed as food. It is known since ancient times for its beneficial properties for human health, among which its antioxidant activity due to polyphenolics [...] Read more.
The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus) is an endemic perennial plant of the Mediterranean area commonly consumed as food. It is known since ancient times for its beneficial properties for human health, among which its antioxidant activity due to polyphenolics stands out. In the frame of our ongoing studies aiming to highlight the biodiversity and the chemodiversity of natural resources, we investigated the phenolic and saponin content of the cultivar “Carciofo di Procida” collected at Procida, an island of the Gulf of Naples (Italy). Along with the edible part of the immature flower, we included in our analyses the stem and the external bracts, generally discarded for food consuming or industrial preparations. The LCMS quali-quantitative profiling of polyphenols (including anthocyanins) and cynarasaponins of this cultivar is reported for the first time. In addition to antioxidant properties, we observed a significant cytotoxic activity due to extracts from external bracts against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines with 43% of cell viability, after 24 h from the treatment (50 μg/mL), and less potent but appreciable effects also against human colorectal adenocarcinoma CaCo-2 cells. This suggests that the different metabolite composition may be responsible for the bioactivity of extracts obtained from specific parts of artichoke and foresees a possible exploitation of the discarded material as a source of beneficial compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction and Analysis of Natural Products in Food—3rd Edition)
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25 pages, 482 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Managers’ Safety Perceptions and Practices on Construction Workers’ Safety Behaviors in Saudi Arabian Projects: The Mediating Roles of Workers’ Safety Awareness, Competency, and Safety Actions
by Talal Mousa Alshammari, Musab Rabi, Mazen J. Al-Kheetan and Abdulrazzaq Jawish Alkherret
Safety 2025, 11(3), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11030077 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Improving construction site safety remains a critical challenge in Saudi Arabia’s rapidly growing construction sector, where high accident rates and diverse labor forces demand evidence-based managerial interventions. This study investigated the influence of Managers’ Safety Perceptions and Practices (MSP) on Workers’ Safety Behaviors [...] Read more.
Improving construction site safety remains a critical challenge in Saudi Arabia’s rapidly growing construction sector, where high accident rates and diverse labor forces demand evidence-based managerial interventions. This study investigated the influence of Managers’ Safety Perceptions and Practices (MSP) on Workers’ Safety Behaviors (WSB) in the Saudi construction industry, emphasizing the mediating roles of Workers’ Safety Awareness (WSA), Safety Competency (WSC), and Safety Actions (SA). The conceptual framework integrates these three mediators to explain how managerial attitudes and practices translate into frontline safety outcomes. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was adopted using a structured questionnaire distributed among construction workers, supervisors, and project managers. A total of 352 from 384 valid responses were collected, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. The findings revealed that MSP does not directly influence WSB but has significant indirect effects through WSA, WSC, and SA. Among these, WSC emerged as the most powerful mediator, followed by WSA and SA, indicating that competency is the most critical driver of safe worker behavior. These results provide robust empirical support for a multidimensional mediation model, highlighting the need for managers to enhance safety behaviors not merely through supervision but through fostering awareness and competency, providing technical training, and implementing proactive safety measures. Theoretically, this study contributes a novel and integrative framework to the occupational safety literature, particularly within underexplored Middle Eastern construction contexts. Practically, it offers actionable insights for safety managers, industry practitioners, and policymakers seeking to improve construction safety performance in alignment with Saudi Vision 2030. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety Performance Assessment and Management in Construction)
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12 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Mechanistic Insights and Real-World Evidence of Autologous Protein Solution (APS) in Clinical Use
by Jennifer Woodell-May, Kathleen Steckbeck, William King, Katie Miller, Bo Han, Vikas Vedi and Elizaveta Kon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157577 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Autologous therapies are currently being studied to determine if they can modulate the course of knee osteoarthritis symptoms and/or disease progression. One potential therapeutic target is the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to pro-healing M2 macrophages. The autologous therapy, Autologous Protein Solution (APS), [...] Read more.
Autologous therapies are currently being studied to determine if they can modulate the course of knee osteoarthritis symptoms and/or disease progression. One potential therapeutic target is the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to pro-healing M2 macrophages. The autologous therapy, Autologous Protein Solution (APS), was incubated with donor-matched human peripheral-derived macrophages for 10 days. M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages were determined by the percentage of CD80+ and M2 pro-healing macrophages were determined by CD68+ and CD163+ by epifluorescent microscopy. To determine clinical effectiveness, an APS-specific minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) using an anchor-based method was calculated in a randomized controlled trial of APS (n = 46) and then applied to a real-world registry study (n = 78) to determine the percentage of pain responders. Compared to control media, APS statistically increased the percentage of M2 macrophages and decreased the percentage of M1 macrophages, while platelet-poor plasma had no effect on polarization. In the randomized controlled trial (RCT), the MCII at the 12-month follow-up visit was calculated as 2.0 points on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale and 7.5 points on the WOMAC function scale. Applying this MCII to the real-world registry data, 62.5% of patients met the MCII with an average of 4.7 ± 2.5 points of improvement in pain. Autologous therapies can influence macrophage polarization and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness in a real-world patient setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches to Osteoarthritis)
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14 pages, 3150 KiB  
Article
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Thermal Load on the Au-Sn Sealing Weld State on Three-Dimensional DPC Substrates
by Heran Zhao, Lihua Cao, ShiZhao Wang, He Zhang and Mingxiang Chen
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3678; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153678 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Direct copper-plated ceramic (DPC) substrates have emerged as a favored solution for power device packaging due to their unique technical advantages. AuSn, characterized by its high hermeticity and environmental adaptability, represents the optimal sealing technology for DPC substrates. Through the application of vacuum [...] Read more.
Direct copper-plated ceramic (DPC) substrates have emerged as a favored solution for power device packaging due to their unique technical advantages. AuSn, characterized by its high hermeticity and environmental adaptability, represents the optimal sealing technology for DPC substrates. Through the application of vacuum sintering techniques and adjustment of peak temperatures (325 °C, 340 °C, and 355 °C), the morphology and composition of interfacial compounds were systematically investigated, along with an analysis of their formation mechanisms. A gradient aging experiment was designed (125 °C/150 °C/175 °C × oxygen/argon dual atmosphere × 600 h) to elucidate the synergistic effects of environmental temperature and atmosphere on the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The results indicate that the primary reaction in the sealing weld seam involves Ni interacting with Au-Sn to form (Ni, Au)3Sn2 and Au5Sn. However, upon completion of the sealing process, this reaction remains incomplete, leading to a coexistence state of (Ni, Au)3Sn2, Au5Sn, and AuSn. Additionally, Ni diffuses into the weld seam center via dendritic fracture and locally forms secondary phases such as δ(Ni) and ζ’(Ni). These findings suggest that the weld seam interface exhibits a complex, irregular, and asymmetric microstructure comprising multiple coexisting compounds. It was determined that Tpeak = 325 °C to 340 °C represents the ideal welding temperature range, where the weld seam morphology, width, and Ni diffusion degree achieve optimal states, ensuring excellent device hermeticity. Aging studies further demonstrate that IMC growth remains within controllable limits. These findings address critical gaps in the understanding of the microstructural evolution and interface characteristics of asymmetric welded joints formed by multi-material systems. Full article
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20 pages, 3614 KiB  
Article
Gum Acacia–Dexamethasone Combination Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats via Targeting SIRT1-HMGB1 Signaling Pathway and Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity
by Fawaz N. Alruwaili, Omnia A. Nour and Tarek M. Ibrahim
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(8), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18081164 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objective: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a substantial contributor to mortality in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gum acacia (GA) and dexamethasone (DEX) combination on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SA-AKI in rats. Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a substantial contributor to mortality in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gum acacia (GA) and dexamethasone (DEX) combination on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SA-AKI in rats. Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into six groups, including the control, GA group, LPS-induced AKI group, DEX + LPS group, GA + LPS group, and GA + DEX + LPS group. AKI was induced in rats using LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.). GA was administered orally (7.5 g/kg) for 14 days before LPS injection, and DEX was injected (1mg/kg, i.p.) 2 h after LPS injection. Results: LPS injection significantly (p < 0.05, vs. control group) impaired renal function, as evidenced through increased levels of kidney function biomarkers, decreased creatinine clearance, and histopathological alterations in the kidneys. LPS also significantly (p < 0.05, vs. control group) elevated levels of oxidative stress markers, while it reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, LPS triggered an inflammatory response, manifested by significant (p < 0.05, vs. control group) upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor-κB, along with increased expression of high-mobility group box 1. Administration of GA significantly ameliorated LPS-induced renal impairment by enhancing antioxidant defenses and suppressing inflammatory pathways (p < 0.05, vs. LPS group). Furthermore, GA-DEX-treated rats showed improved kidney function, reduced oxidative stress, and attenuated inflammatory markers (p < 0.05, vs. LPS group). Conclusions: The GA-DEX combination exhibited potent renoprotective effects against LPS-induced SA-AKI, possibly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These results suggest that the GA-DEX combination could be a promising and effective therapeutic agent for managing SA-AKI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
29 pages, 3268 KiB  
Article
Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis-Based Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Model, with a Projection Step and Surrogate Feature Selection for Spectral Wave Height Prediction
by Panagiotis Korkidis and Anastasios Dounis
Mathematics 2025, 13(15), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152517 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The accurate prediction of significant wave height presents a complex yet vital challenge in the fields of ocean engineering. This capability is essential for disaster prevention, fostering sustainable development and deepening our understanding of various scientific phenomena. We explore the development of a [...] Read more.
The accurate prediction of significant wave height presents a complex yet vital challenge in the fields of ocean engineering. This capability is essential for disaster prevention, fostering sustainable development and deepening our understanding of various scientific phenomena. We explore the development of a comprehensive predictive methodology for wave height prediction by integrating novel Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy models within a multiresolution analysis framework. The multiresolution analysis emerges via wavelets, since they are prominent models characterised by their inherent multiresolution nature. The maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform is utilised to generate the detail and resolution components of the time series, resulting from this multiresolution analysis. The novelty of the proposed model lies on its hybrid training approach, which combines least squares with AdaBound, a gradient-based algorithm derived from the deep learning literature. Significant wave height prediction is studied as a time series problem, hence, the appropriate inputs to the model are selected by developing a surrogate-based wrapped algorithm. The developed wrapper-based algorithm, employs Bayesian optimisation to deliver a fast and accurate method for feature selection. In addition, we introduce a projection step, to further refine the approximation capabilities of the resulting predictive system. The proposed methodology is applied to a real-world time series pertaining to spectral wave height and obtained from the Poseidon operational oceanography system at the Institute of Oceanography, part of the Hellenic Center for Marine Research. Numerical studies showcase a high degree of approximation performance. The predictive scheme with the projection step yields a coefficient of determination of 0.9991, indicating a high level of accuracy. Furthermore, it outperforms the second-best comparative model by approximately 49% in terms of root mean squared error. Comparative evaluations against powerful artificial intelligence models, using regression metrics and hypothesis test, underscore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Mathematics in Neural Networks and Machine Learning)
31 pages, 14954 KiB  
Article
Epigenomics Nutritional Insights of Crocus sativus L.: Computational Analysis of Bioactive Molecules Targeting DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases
by Alessia Piergentili, Paolo Roberto Saraceni, Olivia Costantina Demurtas, Barbara Benassi and Caterina Arcangeli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157575 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) contains bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, including modulation of protein function and gene expression. However, their ability to tune the epigenetic machine remains poorly understood. This study employs molecular docking (AutoDock Vina 1.4), dynamics simulations, and MM/PBSA [...] Read more.
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) contains bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, including modulation of protein function and gene expression. However, their ability to tune the epigenetic machine remains poorly understood. This study employs molecular docking (AutoDock Vina 1.4), dynamics simulations, and MM/PBSA calculations to investigate the interactions between four saffron-derived molecules—crocetin, beta-D-glucosyl trans-crocetin, picrocrocin and safranal—and four epigenetic enzymes—DNMT1, DNMT3a, HDAC2, and SIRT1. Our in silico screening identifies beta-D-glucosyl trans-crocetin, one of the saffron’s crocins, as a potential DNMT1 inhibitor. Along with crocetin, it also shows the ability to inhibit HDAC2 and activate SIRT1. Picrocrocin displays a resveratrol-like ability to activate SIRT1. None of the saffron-derived compounds effectively bind or inhibit DNMT3a. Among the tested molecules, safranal shows no interaction with the selected epigenetic targets. These findings highlight saffron’s nutriepigenomic potential and emphasize the need for functional validation within relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental methodologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
17 pages, 590 KiB  
Article
Regional Differences in Awareness of Oral Frailty and Associated Individual and Municipal Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Nandin Uchral Altanbagana, Koichiro Irie, Wenqun Song, Shinya Fuchida, Jun Aida and Tatsuo Yamamoto
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1916; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151916 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Despite growing interest in oral frailty as a public health issue, no nationwide study has assessed regional differences in oral frailty awareness, and the factors associated with such differences remain unclear. This study investigated regional differences in oral frailty awareness among [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Despite growing interest in oral frailty as a public health issue, no nationwide study has assessed regional differences in oral frailty awareness, and the factors associated with such differences remain unclear. This study investigated regional differences in oral frailty awareness among older adults in Japan and identified the associated individual- and municipal-level factors, focusing on local policy measures and community-based oral health programs. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2022 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. The analytical sample comprised 20,330 community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years from 66 municipalities. Awareness of oral frailty was assessed via self-administered questionnaires. Individual- and municipal-level variables were analyzed using multilevel Poisson regression models to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs). Results: Awareness of oral frailty varied widely across municipalities, ranging from 15.3% to 47.1%. Multilevel analysis showed that being male (PR: 1.10), having ≤9 years (PR: 1.10) or 10 to 12 years of education (PR: 1.04), having oral frailty (PR: 1.04), and lacking civic participation (PR: 1.06) were significantly associated with lack of awareness. No significant associations were found with municipal-level variables such as dental health ordinances, volunteer training programs, or population density. Conclusions: The study found substantial regional variation in oral frailty awareness. However, this variation was explained primarily by individual-level characteristics. Public health strategies should focus on enhancing awareness among socially vulnerable groups—especially men, individuals with low educational attainment, and those not engaged in civic activities—through targeted interventions and community-based initiatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Rehabilitation in the Elderly Population)
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18 pages, 1472 KiB  
Article
Single-Dose Intranasal or Intramuscular Administration of Simian Adenovirus-Based H1N1 Vaccine Induces a Robust Humoral Response and Complete Protection in Mice
by Daria V. Voronina, Irina V. Vavilova, Olga V. Zubkova, Tatiana A. Ozharovskaia, Olga Popova, Anastasia S. Chugunova, Polina P. Goldovskaya, Denis I. Zrelkin, Daria M. Savina, Irina A. Favorskaya, Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov, Denis Y. Logunov and Alexandr L. Gintsburg
Viruses 2025, 17(8), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081085 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Despite the widespread accessibility of vaccines and antivirals, seasonal influenza virus epidemics continue to pose a threat to public health. In this study, we constructed a recombinant replication-deficient simian adenovirus type 25 vector carrying the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) of the H1N1 influenza virus, [...] Read more.
Despite the widespread accessibility of vaccines and antivirals, seasonal influenza virus epidemics continue to pose a threat to public health. In this study, we constructed a recombinant replication-deficient simian adenovirus type 25 vector carrying the full-length hemagglutinin (HA) of the H1N1 influenza virus, named rSAd25-H1. Both systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses, as well as the protective efficacy, were assessed in mice immunized via the intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) route. A single-dose IM or IN administration of rSAd25-H1 elicited a robust systemic IgG antibody response, including hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. As expected, only IN immunization was able to induce IgA production in serum and respiratory mucosa. Notably, a single dose of rSAd25-H1 at the highest dose (1010 viral particles) conferred complete protection against lethal homologous H1N1 challenge in mice despite the route of administration. These findings demonstrate the potential of simian adenovirus type 25-based vectors as a promising candidate for intranasal vaccine development targeting respiratory pathogens. Full article
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24 pages, 337 KiB  
Article
State-by-State Review: The Spread of Law Enforcement Accountability Policies
by Hossein Zare, Danielle R. Gilmore, Khushbu Balsara, Celina Renee Pargas, Rebecca Valek, Andrea N. Ponce, Niloufar Masoudi, Michelle Spencer, Tatiana Y. Warren and Cassandra Crifasi
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(8), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14080483 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Purpose: Following George Floyd’s death, the push for law enforcement accountability policies has intensified. Despite robust legislative action, challenges in enacting and implementing meaningful reforms persist. This study analyzes police accountability policies (PAP) in the U.S. from 2020 to 2022, identifying barriers and [...] Read more.
Purpose: Following George Floyd’s death, the push for law enforcement accountability policies has intensified. Despite robust legislative action, challenges in enacting and implementing meaningful reforms persist. This study analyzes police accountability policies (PAP) in the U.S. from 2020 to 2022, identifying barriers and facilitators through expert perspectives in enforcement oversight, policy advocacy, and community engagement. Methods: The study used a dual approach: analyzing 226 police accountability bills from all 50 U.S. states, D.C., and Puerto Rico via the National Conference of State Legislatures database, and categorizing them into six key areas such as training, technology use, and certification. Additionally, a survey was conducted among experts to identify the challenges and drivers in passing police accountability legislation. Findings: A legislative analysis showed that although 48 states passed police accountability laws, California, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Colorado have made significant strides by passing multiple pieces of legislation aimed at enhancing law enforcement accountability and ensuring better policing practices. The most common policies focused on training and technology, enacted by 16 and 12 states, respectively. However, crucial certification and decertification policies were adopted in just 13 states, highlighting the inconsistent implementation of measures critical for police accountability and transparency. The survey identified several barriers to passing PAP, including inadequate support from local governments (72.7%). Structural exclusion of poor and minority communities from policing resources was also a significant barrier (54.5%). Facilitators included community support (81.8%) and a cultural shift in policing towards viewing officers as “guardians” rather than “warriors” (63.6%). Conclusions: While some progress has been made in passing PAP, considerable gaps remain, particularly in enforcement and comprehensive reform. Resistance from law enforcement institutions, lack of community support, and structural inequalities continue to impede the adoption of effective PAP. Full article
23 pages, 85184 KiB  
Article
MB-MSTFNet: A Multi-Band Spatio-Temporal Attention Network for EEG Sensor-Based Emotion Recognition
by Cheng Fang, Sitong Liu and Bing Gao
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4819; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154819 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Emotion analysis based on electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors is pivotal for human–machine interaction yet faces key challenges in spatio-temporal feature fusion and cross-band and brain-region integration from multi-channel sensor-derived signals. This paper proposes MB-MSTFNet, a novel framework for EEG emotion recognition. The model constructs [...] Read more.
Emotion analysis based on electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors is pivotal for human–machine interaction yet faces key challenges in spatio-temporal feature fusion and cross-band and brain-region integration from multi-channel sensor-derived signals. This paper proposes MB-MSTFNet, a novel framework for EEG emotion recognition. The model constructs a 3D tensor to encode band–space–time correlations of sensor data, explicitly modeling frequency-domain dynamics and spatial distributions of EEG sensors across brain regions. A multi-scale CNN-Inception module extracts hierarchical spatial features via diverse convolutional kernels and pooling operations, capturing localized sensor activations and global brain network interactions. Bi-directional GRUs (BiGRUs) model temporal dependencies in sensor time-series, adept at capturing long-range dynamic patterns. Multi-head self-attention highlights critical time windows and brain regions by assigning adaptive weights to relevant sensor channels, suppressing noise from non-contributory electrodes. Experiments on the DEAP dataset, containing multi-channel EEG sensor recordings, show that MB-MSTFNet achieves 96.80 ± 0.92% valence accuracy, 98.02 ± 0.76% arousal accuracy for binary classification tasks, and 92.85 ± 1.45% accuracy for four-class classification. Ablation studies validate that feature fusion, bidirectional temporal modeling, and multi-scale mechanisms significantly enhance performance by improving feature complementarity. This sensor-driven framework advances affective computing by integrating spatio-temporal dynamics and multi-band interactions of EEG sensor signals, enabling efficient real-time emotion recognition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
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10 pages, 594 KiB  
Article
Perspectives of Physiotherapists on Immune Functioning in Oncological Rehabilitation in the Netherlands: Insights from a Qualitative Study
by Anne M. S. de Hoop, Karin Jäger, Jaap J. Dronkers, Cindy Veenhof, Jelle P. Ruurda, Cyrille A. M. Krul, Raymond H. H. Pieters and Karin Valkenet
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8673; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158673 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Oncology physiotherapists frequently provide care for patients experiencing severe immunosuppression. Exercise immunology, the science that studies the effects of exercise on the immune system, is a rapidly evolving field with direct relevance to oncology physiotherapists. Understanding oncology physiotherapists’ perspectives on the subject of [...] Read more.
Oncology physiotherapists frequently provide care for patients experiencing severe immunosuppression. Exercise immunology, the science that studies the effects of exercise on the immune system, is a rapidly evolving field with direct relevance to oncology physiotherapists. Understanding oncology physiotherapists’ perspectives on the subject of immune functioning is essential to explore its possible integration into clinical reasoning. This study aimed to assess the perspectives of oncology physiotherapists concerning immune functioning in oncology physiotherapy. For this qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were performed with Dutch oncology physiotherapists. Results were analyzed via inductive thematic analysis, followed by a validation step with participants. Fifteen interviews were performed. Participants’ ages ranged from 30 to 63 years. Emerging themes were (1) the construct ‘immune functioning’ (definition, and associations with this construct in oncology physiotherapy), (2) characteristics related to decreased immune functioning (in oncology physiotherapy), (3) negative and positive influences on immune functioning (in oncology physiotherapy), (4) tailored physiotherapy treatment, (5) treatment outcomes in oncology physiotherapy, (6) the oncology physiotherapist within cancer care, and (7) measurement and interpretation of immune functioning. In conclusion, oncology physiotherapists play an important role in the personalized and comprehensive care of patients with cancer. They are eager to learn more about immune functioning with the goal of better informing patients about the health effects of exercise and to tailor their training better. Future exercise-immunology research should clarify the effects of different exercise modalities on immune functioning, and how physiotherapists could evaluate these effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches of Physical Therapy-Based Rehabilitation)
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