Search Results (75)

Wild edible plants represent an underexploited resource for enhancing agrobiodiversity and promoting more sustainable food systems. Urospermum dalechampii (Asteraceae) is a traditional Mediterranean wild edible species widely used in local cuisines, yet it remains marginal in modern horticulture. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, biological activities, and agronomic potential of U. dalechampii. Available evidence indicates that its edible tissues are characterized by a favorable nutritional profile, including appreciable levels of dietary fiber, minerals, and beneficial fatty acids. Moreover, the species is a rich source of bioactive compounds—particularly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids—which have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of domesticating U. dalechampii through both soil-based and soilless cultivation systems, including baby-leaf and microgreen production, thereby enabling controlled yields and reducing harvesting pressure on wild populations. Nevertheless, research on this species remains fragmented, and several knowledge gaps persist, notably the absence of standardized agronomic protocols, limited information on post-harvest management and safety, and potential market constraints related to bitterness and variability in product quality. Overall, U. dalechampii emerges as a promising candidate for sustainable horticulture and the development of functional foods. Full article

The ornamental industry encompasses a wide range of species cultivated for their aesthetic value, including floriculture crops, ornamental and turf grasses, trees, and shrubs. In Italy, in particular, this sector represents a significant component of the agricultural economy, with an annual wholesale production value of approximately EUR 2.6 billion. Despite its economic importance, the industry has recently faced challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing international competition. Moreover, ornamental production is highly water-demanding, making water availability a critical concern under climate change scenarios. The future competitiveness of ornamental sector depends on its ability to adapt to environmental and market pressures through sustainable cultivation practices, diversification with value-added crops, and improved post-production management. This study investigates the potential introduction of non-endemic wild or underutilized species as innovative ornamental crops for EU markets. While economic evaluation will be essential prior to commercialization, the current focus is on identifying promising species and outlining strategies to optimize the production chain. These approaches aim to enhance the sector’s resilience, align with sustainability goals, and foster innovation within the Italian and Mediterranean ornamental industry. Full article

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a major global threat, causing severe yield losses of up to 100% in heavily infested fields. Interspecific hybridization is essential for the transfer of clubroot resistance genes among the Brassica species. This review aimed to describe the sources of clubroot resistance, categorize their types in Brassica crops, and identify the most effective techniques and underutilized sources for both intergeneric and interspecific hybridization. A systematic literature review served as the foundation for expert analysis, encompassing a comprehensive list of known sources of resistance and a detailed description of their characteristics, including monogenic, polygenic, dominant, and recessive traits. In addition, this review specifies techniques suitable for gene transfer, such as markers, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, and CRISPR/Cas. Based on the literature, underutilized directions for genetic crosses have been proposed. These conclusions suggest that combining biotechnological methods, including markers, CRISPR/Cas, and embryo rescue, with intergeneric crosses offers the potential to transfer resistance genes from previously untapped sources. Full article

Catch crops play a vital role in agricultural systems by contributing to biomass production, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration. Among these, species from the Brassicaceae family are particularly valuable due to their rapid biomass accumulation, biofumigant properties, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. This study presents the first systematic evaluation of biomass characteristics for six non-traditional Brassicaceae species under Central European conditions, alongside commonly cultivated representatives of the family. Field experiments were conducted in Eastern Bohemia from 2021 to 2023 to assess biomass production in nine Brassicaceae species. Four sowing dates were evaluated, with plant sampling determining aboveground and underground biomass. The results revealed significant species-specific differences in biomass accumulation. Sinapis alba and Raphanus sativus exhibited the highest biomass, while Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica had the lowest. A positive correlation between aboveground and underground biomass was observed across species, though root-to-shoot ratios varied, influencing carbon allocation patterns and soil organic matter inputs. Overall, the results demonstrate that sowing date is a critical factor influencing growth dynamics and reproductive development in these underutilized Brassicaceae species. By identifying optimal planting windows, this study contributes to improved management strategies aimed at maximizing biomass production while supporting sustainable cropping practices, including enhanced soil organic carbon stabilization and reduced nutrient losses. Full article

This study assesses and inventories agrodiversity within eleven representative oases of the pre-Saharan regions of Morocco, ecosystems that are particularly vulnerable to climate change and socio-economic pressures. The findings highlight the central role of fruit tree diversity in structuring and sustaining the resilience of oasis agroecosystems, complementing cereal and fodder crops. Special attention was given to the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a secondary but underutilized fruit species in Moroccan agriculture, which was found to hold a significant position in the surveyed oases. Farmer and community surveys identified five local denominations or varieties, including an original form known as “Guersmoum” or “Hamed,” distinguished by its spontaneous, non-cultivated character. This unique case exemplifies the remarkable coexistence between wild and domesticated forms, reflecting the complex dynamics between cultivated and wild biodiversity. The presence and use of this variety are closely linked to the production of a traditional local agri-food product, pomegranate molasses (“Amaghousse”), an artisanal know-how transmitted across generations and primarily preserved by women. The study documents several aspects of this practice, including processing techniques, yield ratios, and marketing channels, emphasizing both the economic and cultural significance of this local product. The discussion underscores the close interconnections between traditional knowledge, gendered practices, and the conservation of genetic diversity, showing how the promotion of local resources contributes not only to the preservation of agrodiversity but also to the maintenance of oasis cultural identities. Finally, the study highlights the broader implications of these findings for development initiatives, particularly through the recognition and promotion of distinctive local agri-food products, the integration of women in local conservation strategies, and the implementation of sustainable management approaches for fruit genetic resources. Full article

Background/Objectives: People in the developed world tend to consume food that is rich in calories but lacks sufficient nutrients such as essential minerals, vitamins, and other health-promoting metabolites. At the same time, hunger and malnutrition are still problems in other countries. Therefore, various forms of micronutrient deficiencies and diseases caused by unbalanced nutrition are global issues. Methods: In order to elucidate the beneficial potential of alternative food sources, we employed state-of-the-art UHPLC-MS and ICP-MS technologies to perform comprehensive metabolome and metallome analyses of five edible European plants, some of which are known as underutilized crops: Achillea millefolium, Agastache rugosa, Cercis siliquastrum, Crithmum maritimum, and Mespilus germanica. Results: This study reveals valuable nutritional properties such as high levels of essential amino acids, sugars, organic acids, health-promoting secondary metabolites, and essential microelements that are important for human diet. The analyzed samples indicate that A. millefolium, C. siliquastrum, and M. germanica could be marked as a viable source of beneficial flavonoids. In turn, both leaves and fruits of A. rugosa had elevated abundances of organic acids, along with A. millefolium and C. siliquastrum. Similar results were observed for amino acids. Conclusions: Taken as a whole, the fruits of C. siliquastrum could be described as the best source for most of the identified compounds. The M. germanica samples were rich in mineral contents, with indications that they can supply 26% of the recommended daily intake per 100 g for K, 16% for Mg, 26% for Fe, 63% for Mn, and 89% for B. The leaves of C. maritimum and A. millefolium are also a good source of K and Mn. Interestingly, the sampled leaves of C. maritimum contained a very high amount of B, representing more than three times the reference nutrient value for 100 g of plant material. In conclusion, these underutilized species can be used to diversify the European food systems by enriching our diets with essential nutrients and health-promoting metabolites. Full article

Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae), commonly known as rue, is traditionally recognized for its medicinal applications and cultural associations with mysticism. In addition to its ethnobotanical relevance, R. chalepensis has been reported to possess insect-repellent and pesticidal properties. However, domestication and the adoption of monoculture practices can compromise inherent plant defenses, potentially increasing susceptibility to herbivore pressure. In this context, we report, for the first time, the occurrence of infestations by the highly polyphagous aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on R. chalepensis cultivated under Neotropical conditions. The infestations were documented in commercial rue fields located in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in two consecutive years. Plant material was taxonomically verified and deposited in the VIC Herbarium at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Aphid specimens, including both apterous and alate morphs, were examined under a stereomicroscope to confirm species identity. Field sampling revealed a notable interaction between M. persicae and native natural enemies, particularly predatory spiders. Aphid density per plant declined markedly from 14.1 to 6.2 individuals, coinciding with an observed increase in spider activity. These findings expand our understanding of M. persicae’s ecological plasticity and highlight the vulnerability of non-conventional crops to generalist pests. They also underscore the importance of implementing targeted pest surveillance and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches in underutilized or alternative cropping systems. Full article

Bulgarian botanical gardens harbor more than 3600 plant species from across the world. Some of them are well-known plants widely used by humans, others are underutilized crops or little-known exotic species. The latter group constitutes a rich reservoir of plant resources whose potential to bring benefits to society is still untapped. The aim of this review is to describe the diversity of species and their potentially valuable secondary metabolites in three of the largest Bulgarian botanical gardens, with a focus on underutilized crops and medicinal plants that are typical of Bulgaria. With this, we aim to pave the way for future research on the most promising of these plants. The report includes currently available ethnobotanical data on the properties and composition of their bioactive components, known culinary or therapeutic uses, and nutritional profiles. We also outline the vast potential of these plants in providing healthy diets, as well as for performing future groundbreaking biomedical research. Finally, we present the approach that will be used to screen extracts from these plants for biological activity. Full article

Postharvest losses and limited physiological knowledge restrict the conservation and year-round availability of underutilized crops such as Dioscorea trifida. This study characterized the postharvest behavior of Colombian purple D. trifida tubers and evaluated low-cost, GRAS-status technologies to improve storage performance in smallholder production systems. Tubers were stored for 34 days at ambient conditions (20 °C, 90% RH) and compared with treatments including cold storage, calcium pretreatments combined with Aloe vera-based coatings, and short-duration hot water immersion. Over storage, total carbohydrates increased, while potassium remained at substantial levels until the final day. Weight loss and respiration declined steadily, and sprouting was absent, suggesting extended endodormancy in this genotype. Major deterioration causes observed upon reception included fragmentation, insect damage, and surface molds, highlighting the importance of improved sanitation and mechanical protection during harvest, early postharvest stages, and transportation. Edible coatings enhanced antioxidant activity and increased malic and succinic acid concentrations. Cold storage at 3 °C reduced weight loss more effectively than storage at 12 or 20 °C, although citric acid accumulation was greater at the latter temperature. Among all treatments, immersion at 55 °C for 5 min was the most promising, offering a scalable, low-input option to extend shelf life in neglected yam species. Full article

Although sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is gaining importance in West Africa, it remains uncertain whether the research is adequately advanced to support the promotion of this crop in the region. Consequently, this systematic review of 125 articles provides a detailed overview of studies focused on sweet potatoes in West Africa. The paper explores various bibliometrics, the research geographic spread, and the topics discussed (e.g., food security and nutrition, climate resilience, livelihoods). The study indicates that sweet potato has the potential to address multiple issues in West Africa, including food and nutrition insecurity (especially micronutrient deficiencies, e.g., vitamin A) as well as poverty. However, it also reveals significant research gaps in terms of geographical and thematic areas. From a geographical perspective, research is primarily conducted in Nigeria and Ghana. From a thematic perspective, there are deficiencies in areas like economics and social sciences, applications in animal husbandry, marketing, use of leaves, irrigation methods, and impacts on climate resilience and livelihoods. There is a pressing need for collaborative research and knowledge exchange among nations to fully realize the potential of sweet potato and develop its value chains to contribute to sustainable socio-economic development across West Africa. Full article

Global food insecurity and environmental degradation highlight the urgent need for more sustainable agricultural solutions. Plant synthetic biology emerges as a promising yet risky avenue to develop such solutions. While synthetic biology offers the potential for enhanced crop traits, it also entails risks of extensive environmental damage. This review highlights the complexities and risks associated with plant synthetic biology, while presenting the potential of multiscale mathematical modeling to assess and mitigate those risks effectively. Despite its potential, applying multiscale mathematical models in plants remains underutilized. Here, we advocate for integrating technological advancements in agricultural data analysis to develop a comprehensive understanding of crops across biological scales. By reviewing common modeling approaches and methodologies applicable to plants, the paper establishes a foundation for creating and utilizing integrated multiscale mathematical models. Through modeling techniques such as parameter estimation, bifurcation analysis, and sensitivity analysis, researchers can identify mutational targets and anticipate pleiotropic effects, thereby enhancing the safety of genetically engineered species. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, ongoing efforts are highlighted to develop an integrated multiscale mathematical model for maize (Zea mays L.), engineered through synthetic biology to enhance resilience against Striga (Striga spp.) and drought. Full article

There is growing interest in promoting neglected and underutilized crop species to enhance agrobiodiversity and contribute to food systems transformation under climate change. A lack of available measured data has hindered the mainstreaming of these crops and limited the ability of agricultural databases to be used for calibrating and validating crop models. This study conducts a systematic scoping review and bibliometric analysis to assess the use of agricultural databases for crop modeling. The Biblioshiny App v4.1.2 and VOSviewer software v1.6.20 were used to analyze 51 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and Web of Science. Key findings from this review were that agricultural databases have been used for estimating crop yield, assessing soil conditions, and fertilizer management and are invaluable for developing decision support tools. The main challenges include the need for high-quality datasets for developing agricultural databases and more expertise and financial resources to develop and apply crop and machine learning models. From the bibliometric dataset, only one study used modeled data to develop a crop database despite such data having a level of uncertainty. This presents an opportunity for future research to improve models to minimize their uncertainty level and provide reliable data for crop database development. Full article

Neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS/NUS) are claimed to contribute to sustainable development. However, many scholars argue that enabling policies and appropriate governance are needed to operationalize such a potential contribution. Therefore, this systematic review analyzes the literature dealing with the relationships between policy and governance aspects and the promotion of NUS in West Africa. It draws upon 45 eligible articles identified through a search conducted on the Web of Science in December 2023. The existing literature focuses on Nigeria and a few NUS, especially cassava. The addressed policy domains include biodiversity conservation; subsidies; seed systems; food security, self-sufficiency and sovereignty; trade and import substitution; food safety and health; climate change and energy; land use; research, innovation and development; and support and assistance systems. Meanwhile, the main governance domains are (1) inclusiveness and participation and (2) institutional capacity. The analysis suggests that NUS development is also affected by sectoral policy coherence and consistency as well as the policy–governance interplay. Future studies should widen the scope in terms of geographical coverage in West Africa and NUS addressed to allow for more comparisons. Furthermore, there is a need for further research to understand the synergies and trade-offs between sectoral policies affecting NUS promotion and development. Full article

Neglected and Under-utilized plant Species (NUS) can contribute to food system transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa, but many are understudied. Here, we conducted a systematic review of 37 empirical studies to synthesize the evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa about the agro-ecological characteristics, nutritional properties, and medicinal properties of the NUS Tylosema fassoglense. Overall, the evidence is highly fragmented and lacks a comprehensive description of the species characteristics, properties, and benefits. Most reviewed studies focus on the eastern part of Africa and a few on the southern part, suggesting its limited geographic distribution. Studies on agro-ecological properties, and especially on morphological characteristics, indicate that the species’ long tuberous roots and large vegetative systems help it adapt to harsh climatic conditions. The species is also utilized for medicinal and nutrition purposes by different communities across its range due to its phytochemical, macro-, and micronutrient content, along with its favorable physico-chemical properties. In particular, the seeds contain many different amino acids, while their calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and carbohydrate content is comparable to Tylosema esculuntum, the better studied species in the Tylosema genus. These demonstrate the species’ potential to contribute to nutrition and food security. Furthermore, parts of the plant contain many phytochemicals, such as phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoid, terpenoids, and tannins (mainly in the roots), and for this reason local communities use it to treat various conditions. Overall, our systematic review suggests that although Tylosema fassoglense has some potential to contribute towards food security, nutrition, health, and livelihoods, there are many remaining knowledge gaps that constrain its effective integration into agricultural production systems and possible contribution to food system transformation in the region. Full article

In the dynamic landscape of agriculture and food science, incorporating emergent crops appears as a pioneering solution for diversifying agriculture, unlocking possibilities for sustainable cultivation and nutritional bolstering food security, and creating economic prospects amid evolving environmental and market conditions with positive impacts on human health. This review explores the potential of utilizing emergent crops in Mediterranean environments under current climate scenarios, emphasizing the manifold benefits of agricultural and food system diversification and assessing the impact of environmental factors on their quality and consumer health. Through a deep exploration of the resilience, nutritional value, and health impacts of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) such as quinoa, amaranth, chia, moringa, buckwheat, millet, teff, hemp, or desert truffles, their capacity to thrive in the changing Mediterranean climate is highlighted, offering novel opportunities for agriculture and functional food development. By analysing how promoting agricultural diversification can enhance food system adaptability to evolving environmental conditions, fostering sustainability and resilience, we discuss recent findings that underscore the main benefits and limitations of these crops from agricultural, food science, and health perspectives, all crucial for responsible and sustainable adoption. Thus, by using a sustainable and holistic approach, this revision analyses how the integration of NUS crops into Mediterranean agrifood systems can enhance agriculture resilience and food quality addressing environmental, nutritional, biomedical, economic, and cultural dimensions, thereby mitigating the risks associated with monoculture practices and bolstering local economies and livelihoods under new climate scenarios. Full article