Search Results (440)

Various tubers are cultivated in the Peruvian Andes. Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus) is consumed locally for its culinary qualities and nutritional value. In addition to its resistance to pests and extreme climatic conditions, this Andean tuber is an important source of starch. In this study, the extraction and characterization of the physical, chemical, technofunctional, and thermal properties of olluco starches from the Puka cheqche papalisa (PCP), Bela api chuqcha lisa (BACL), and Q’ello muro lisa (QML) varieties were conducted, with samples collected in 2024. Extraction yields ranged from 3.00 to 4.45%, viscosities from 6443.17 to 6892.77 cP, a high whiteness index from 90.43 to 93.52, water activity less than 0.55, and a heterogeneous particle size distribution. Amylose content ranged from 31.00 to 33.33%. FTIR analysis revealed similar functional groups and structural bonds across the varieties. For technofunctional properties, the QML variety exhibited greater water absorption, a higher solubility index, and greater swelling power. Pasting temperatures ranged from 68.70 to 71.10 °C, with low retrogradation. Thermal analysis showed good thermal stability from 104.46 to 268.42 °C, a low gelatinization temperature from 59.37 to 60.19 °C, and an enthalpy of up to 5.5757 J/g. Olluco starches have high potential for industrial applications, and their ease of cultivation makes them ideal for starch extraction. Full article

The aim of the study was to determine, under field conditions, the effects of O₃, H₂O₂, and fungicide protection on potato late blight severity, SPAD values, tuber yield, and mineral composition, and additionally to assess whether the number of ozone applications modifies selected tuber quality traits. Two complementary field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018. In the main experiment, control, fungicide protection, ozone fumigation, and foliar H₂O₂ treatments were compared with respect to late blight severity, SPAD response, yield, and macro- and micronutrient contents in tuber peel and flesh. In the supplementary experiment, single, double, and triple ozonation were compared in relation to starch content, vitamin C concentration, and tuber mineral composition. Fungicide treatment most effectively limited late blight symptoms, particularly at later assessment dates, and was associated with the highest tuber yield. SPAD values, yield, and several mineral traits were strongly dependent on the study year, indicating a major contribution of environmental conditions. The response to O₃ and H₂O₂ was selective and less stable than that observed under fungicide protection. In the supplementary experiment, the number of ozone applications did not significantly affect starch content. Vitamin C concentration depended mainly on the study year, whereas tuber mineral composition depended mainly on year and tissue type. The results indicate that, under field conditions, fungicide protection remained the most effective option for limiting late blight and achieving the highest tuber yield, whereas O₃ and H₂O₂ should be regarded as factors capable of modifying selected plant and tuber traits, but not as direct substitutes for standard chemical protection. Full article

Addressing the environmental challenges posed by the massive stockpiling of phosphogypsum (PG) has become a global concern, highlighting the urgency of developing large-scale, low-cost and resource-efficient utilization approaches for PG. This study was conducted in the rocky desertification areas of southwestern China, where land and water resources are scarce. Two land creation techniques—layered reconstruction (GA) and integrated construction (GB)—were adopted with modified PG to systematically investigate their impacts on soil properties and potato growth, yield and quality. The results showed that both techniques significantly improved soil conditions and enhanced potato yield and quality, with each presenting distinct characteristics in soil improvement. Specifically, the GA technique showed relatively better performance in soil nutrient enrichment, while the GB technique was more conducive to enhancing soil enzyme activity. Compared with the local red soil control, both techniques reduced heavy metal accumulation in potato tubers; however, Pb and Cd contents still exceeded national food safety limits, indicating potential food safety risks. In summary, land creation using modified PG can effectively increase arable land area, improve soil quality in rocky desertification regions, and simultaneously promote potato yield and quality. Nevertheless, as the current results are based on a single-season field trial, they cannot reflect the long-term patterns of heavy metal migration and accumulation. Therefore, for large-scale application, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of heavy metal levels in imported soil and long-term regional environmental impacts so as to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products from reclaimed land. Full article

A three-year field experiment (2021–2023) in southeast Spain evaluated whether reduced mineral fertilization, with or without plant-growth-promoting microorganisms, could maintain crop productivity and modify selected soil indicators in a Mediterranean vegetable rotation. Four treatments were compared: conventional fertilization (T1), reduced fertilization (T2; −30% or −50%), reduced fertilization plus bacterial inoculants (T3), and reduced fertilization plus bacterial–fungal inoculants (T4). Crop yields were not significantly affected by fertilization strategy. Potato yields ranged from 55,661 to 60,741 kg ha⁻¹, those of broccoli from 14,928 to 16,797 kg ha⁻¹, and those of melon from 30,815 to 33,423 kg ha⁻¹. Inoculated treatments were associated with some quality responses, including higher potato tuber firmness in T4 (16.0 vs. 13.2 kg cm⁻² in T1), whereas melon soluble solids tended to be slightly lower. Soil analyses showed changes in some nutrient-related indicators, including a 217% increase in NH₄⁺ in T4 and a 0.75% decrease in pH in T3. Reduced fertilization lowered production costs by about 9%. Under the conditions of this field trial, reduced fertilization maintained yield and gross margin relative to conventional fertilization, and inoculated treatments under reduced fertilization showed differences in selected soil indicators. Full article

Ranked 30th globally in dryness, South Africa faces severe challenges in ensuring fodder security, which is worsened by climate change impacts on agriculture. However, there is still limited knowledge about optimising fodder radish cultivation under shifting climatic conditions. This study investigated the effects of planting dates (December to March), cultivars (Nooitgedacht, Line 2 and Endurance) and seasons (2020/21 and 2021/22) on growth, yield, and crude protein (CP) and mineral concentrations under rainfed conditions. Seasonal variation significantly (p < 0.05) influenced emergence, relative growth, and flowering across planting dates. Fresh tuber yield was highest when Nooitgedacht was planted in December (2052 and 2102 kg ha⁻¹). In contrast, January planting enhanced aboveground biomass and crude protein (CP) yield, with Endurance recording the highest biomass (1260 and 1157.95 kg ha⁻¹ DM) and tuber CP yield (19.2 and 18 kg ha⁻¹). December planting favoured tuber production, whereas January planting optimised biomass, CP yield, and persistence. Planting date and cultivar significantly affected leaf and tuber mineral concentrations. December–January plantings generally enhanced leaf P, K, and Zn concentrations. Endurance and Nooitgedacht accumulated higher micronutrients than Line 2, particularly under early planting. The late flowering of Endurance extended the grazing period, aligning with late-winter forage demand under rainfed conditions. Overall, this study offers practical guidance for improving the quantity and quality of fodder radish in diverse agricultural settings. Future work should evaluate these cultivars across more sites to confirm performance stability under variable rainfall patterns. Full article

Substandard agronomic practices commonly used by smallholder farmers compromise potato tuber nutritional quality, limiting the crop’s contribution to food and nutrition security. This study evaluated the effects of integrating cultivar selection, mulching, and fungicide application on potato tuber quality under selected smallholder localities. Four varieties were tested across five localities over two seasons using a factorial randomized complete block design, under different management practices, mulching (mulched and non-mulched), and fungicide application (sprayed and unsprayed). Late and mid-maturing cultivar Panamera and Electra, respectively, combined with fungicide application, consistently showed high dry matter up to 24.6%, carbohydrate (17.0%), and energy up to 378 kJ. Mineral composition varied across treatments, potassium was the abundant mineral (204.6–360.5 mg/100 g), while magnesium (9.55–18.57 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (23.35–51.90 mg/100 g) also showed variation across treatments. This study highlights the importance of integrated management strategies to improve potato nutritional value for resource-constrained farmers. Full article

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), as a shallow-rooted crop, is relatively sensitive to soil water deficits; therefore, irrigation plays a crucial role in achieving economically viable production and quality. However, due to the scarcity of water, which has become more precious and less available due to climate change, it is essential to optimize irrigation management and enhance water productivity. The present systematic review, drawing on the most relevant scientific literature, discusses the current state of knowledge on irrigation management and water productivity in potato crop production in semi-arid regions, particularly within Mediterranean countries. Overall, the main findings indicate different possible solutions for saving irrigation water and increasing water productivity by adopting a combination of water-saving strategies, such as static or dynamic deficit irrigation, or partial root-zone drying, and by using a suitable irrigation method like drip irrigation. In addition, the importance of other agronomic factors, namely planting dates, soil texture, and fertilization management, has also emerged, prompting scientists to pay greater attention to them in the future, along with the selection or breeding of appropriate cultivars, which may represent the long-term solution to the problem of water scarcity. Full article

Yam is a tuberous crop with great potential for enhancing food security and rural development thus contributing significantly to the lives of people in production areas. Despite its importance, productivity is low, with poor adoption rates of released commercial varieties. Yam exhibits complex growth patterns, including tuberization and dormancy. The yield, food quality and consumer preferences differ by variety. Understanding the dynamics of yam production system and best practices is critical for its improvement. Our review delved into the flowering dynamics as well as yield determinants. We dissected the phenomena of dormancy, photosynthesis, photoperiodism and food quality with a view to adding values on crop improvement efforts. Yam production systems can be repositioned to play a greater role in sustainable food security and poverty alleviation through the development and deployment of more productive, profitable and resilient yam varieties and sustainable technologies that will improve the current yam cropping system and value chain. Future research perspectives focusing on yield improvement, climate-smart adaptations/cultivation practices, and value chain development to ensure sustainable yam production and utilization are thus highlighted. Full article

Taizishen is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb derived from the dried tuberous roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. This study investigated the compositional variation of Taizishen from main producing (MP) and non-main producing (NP) areas across five Chinese provinces. Analysis of total saponins, flavonoids, and heterophyllin B showed the highest contents in Jurong samples, followed by Zherong. Untargeted metabolomics identified 651 metabolites in all samples. Principal component analysis revealed a distinct metabolic profile for the sample from Zherong, which differed significantly from other MP areas, showing 32 consistently upregulated (e.g., amino acids, terpenes) and 25 downregulated metabolites (e.g., lipids, alkaloids). Notably, key differential metabolites such as fraxetin and ethyl caffeate were enriched in Zherong samples. The number of differential metabolites between MP and NP areas varied by province. Antioxidant activity also varied regionally, being highest in the sample from Jurong and weakest in the sample from Duyun. Correlation analysis indicated this activity was not linked solely to flavonoid or saponin content, suggesting a synergistic effect of multiple components. In addition, Zherong samples exhibited unique accumulation patterns for amino acids, sugars, and lipids. The significant metabolic and bioactivity variations highlight the need for a comprehensive, metabolomics-informed quality evaluation system for Taizishen. Full article

The potato tuber is a metamorphic organ formed by the expansion of the underground stolon tip. It is an economically important organ and an excellent material for studying the occurrence and development of modified plant organs. However, genetic studies have lagged due to the potato’s complex genetic background. In this study, we used stolons and tubers of the potato ‘Qingshu 9’ at different stages of the tuberization process as samples for transcriptome sequencing and systematically analyzed the transcriptome characteristics of tuberization. Through RT-qPCR analysis, 16 candidate genes related to tuberization were identified. Overexpression verification was performed on one candidate gene, StLSH10, and the results indicated that it might be involved in regulating tuberization. This research provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism of tuberization and offers a new target to improve potato yield and quality through molecular breeding strategies. Full article

Ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas) is an Andean tuber crop of high nutritional and genetic importance. However, its vegetative propagation promotes the accumulation of pathogens and limits the availability of uniform, high-quality planting material. In this study, an efficient and reproducible in vitro micropropagation protocol was established for an ulluco genotype from the Amazonas region of Peru. Nodal segments were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KIN) at increasing concentrations (0.0–2.0 mg L⁻¹). For rooting, in vitro-derived shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at the same concentration range (0.0–2.0 mg L⁻¹). The explants exhibited a high basal morphogenetic capacity; however, the addition of cytokinins significantly enhanced the response. KIN at 2.0 mg L⁻¹ achieved 100% regeneration, whereas BAP at 0.2 mg L⁻¹ maximized shoot proliferation, producing 2.07 shoots per explant. Shoot elongation was greater with KIN at 1.0 mg L⁻¹, reaching 39.15 mm. In the rooting phase, the response varied depending on the type and concentration of auxin. NAA at 0.1 mg L⁻¹ resulted in 100% rooting and produced the greatest root length (41.93 mm), whereas IBA at 0.1 mg L⁻¹ maximized the number of roots (4.67), although roots were shorter. Rooted plantlets exhibited 100% survival after eight weeks of acclimatization. This protocol provides an effective system for the rapid production of vigorous and uniform clonal plants and represents a useful tool for the propagation, conservation, and future biotechnological improvement of ulluco. Full article

This study provides an integrated agronomic–functional–nutritional–bioactive characterization of three Oxalis tuberosa varieties (Yellow, Pink, and Black) cultivated under open-field conditions. Unlike previous studies that have typically examined isolated trait groups or single quality dimensions, this work simultaneously evaluates yield-related morphology, starch functional behavior, proximate composition, antioxidant activity, and pigment-associated color attributes within a unified experimental framework, enabling robust varietal comparison and application-oriented interpretation. The Yellow variety matured later (125 ± 2 days) and produced the highest total biomass (587 ± 32 g) and yield per plant (462 ± 28 g), with the longest tubers (8.7 ± 0.3 cm) and the greatest tuber number (12.1 ± 1.1 per plant). Functional assessments indicated that the Yellow variety exhibited superior swelling capacity (10.2 g/g) and solubility index (6.3%), together with the highest starch content (68.4 ± 2.1 g/100 g DW). Nutritional profiling further showed lower moisture and higher carbohydrate levels in the Yellow variety compared with the other varieties, supporting its suitability for food processing and agricultural production. In contrast, the Black variety showed the strongest antioxidant potential, with higher DPPH scavenging activity (46.2 ± 1.3%), total phenolics (5.9 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g DW), and flavonoids (2.3 ± 0.1 mg QE/g DW), consistent with its darker pigmentation and greater nutraceutical potential. The novelty of this study lies in its integrated, multi-trait comparison of oca varieties under the same open-field conditions with standardized agronomic management, allowing for the first simultaneous assessment of agronomic performance, starch functionality, nutritional quality, antioxidant capacity, and color attributes. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of varietal selection in determining agronomic performance, starch functionality, nutritional composition, and bioactive traits in Oxalis tuberosa, providing actionable evidence for targeted agricultural and industrial applications. Full article

Modern agriculture is undergoing a paradigm shift toward eco-friendly methodologies that enhance seed material quality while minimizing chemical inputs. This study evaluates the impact of Effective Microorganism (EM) exposure (variants E1 and E2) on the morpho-physiological parameters and phytosanitary health of potato tubers. The primary objective was to determine the efficacy of microbial priming in suppressing the infection rates of Streptomyces scabies (common scab) and Rhizoctonia solani (black scurf) across 14 genetically diverse cultivars. A three-year field experiment (2019–2021) was conducted using a split-plot design with three replications. The study analyzed the interaction between EM exposure times and the genetic resistance potential of the selected cultivars. Statistical analysis confirmed that pre-planting microbial treatments significantly inhibited pathogen development. EM applications (E1 and E2) reduced the infection rates of both S. scabies and R. solani through an “escape mechanism,” whereby treated tubers exhibited accelerated biomass accumulation and reached physiological maturity before peak pathogen pressure. Furthermore, treatments optimized the physiological state and vigor of the tubers, establishing a robust physiological barrier against soil-borne infections. The application of EMs proves to be a highly effective, non-invasive biostimulation method. A significant difference was observed in the responding varieties between EM treatments and the cultivars innate genetic resistance, particularly in cultivars with higher baseline resistance. The use of EM biostimulants significantly modifies the health of tubers, and the direction of these changes is strictly determined by the variety factors. The results suggest that microbial priming not only enhances plant growth kinetics but also induces systemic resistance, offering a viable ecological alternative to traditional chemical seed dressings in sustainable potato production. Full article

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the world’s fourth most significant food crop, faces a critical sustainability challenge: meeting escalating global demand while mitigating the substantial environmental footprint of its production. Potato exhibits high nitrogen requirements, which makes conventional fertilization significantly inefficient, with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) being below 40%, contributing to severe environmental losses, including nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions. In this comprehensive review, global research is examined regarding enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers, such as nitrification inhibitors (NIs), urease inhibitors (UIs), and slow-released fertilizers, which promote a pivotal strategy for sustainable potato cultivation. An extensive analysis is provided exploring the biochemical mechanisms of these inhibitors, their complex interactions with potato physiology, and also their impact on tuber yield, quality, and environmental footprint. These insights are combined with sustainable strategies to optimize nitrogen fertilization in potato cropping systems. Lastly, essential knowledge gaps, such as ongoing soil-health impacts and climate-change interactions, are underlined, and future directions of research are proposed to advance inhibitor utilization on potato production. Full article

In Alberta, extreme weather events, such as hailstorms, have negative impacts on agriculture. Previous studies have found that potato crop yield and quality losses from hail are dependent on both the severity and the timing of the event. It has also been demonstrated that biostimulant products can positively impact crop yields by increasing plant growth and stress resistance. In the current study, we examined whether the application of biostimulants lessens the negative impacts of simulated hailstorms on potato growth. Potato plants were defoliated at three timepoints during the growing season. Tuber yield was reduced by ~25–40%, depending on at which timepoint the plants were defoliated, and specific gravity declined for plants defoliated later in the growing season. The overall fry color increased for plants defoliated earlier in the growing season, as did the incidence of sugar ends. The application of biostimulant products prior to defoliation lessened the impact of defoliation in terms of both overall yield and tuber processing quality. Tuber yields for defoliated plants treated with biostimulants were ~12–60% higher, depending on the defoliated/treatment timepoint, compared to defoliated control plants. Specific gravity was increased for defoliated plants treated with biostimulants at later timepoints. The overall fry color and incidence of dark ends decreased for defoliated plants treated with biostimulants at early timepoints. Defoliation early in the growing season, around tuber initiation, had the most negative impact on both tuber quality and yield, and treatment with biostimulants had the greatest impact on reducing yield and quality losses when applied at this timepoint. Full article