Saved Queries

In this study, numerical simulations were performed, and leaks in viscoelastic pipelines were detected. Based on the transient flow equations derived from the continuity and momentum equations, the Kelvin–Voigt model was used to describe the viscoelastic constitutive relationship and derive the strain equation, further establishing a one-dimensional transient flow model for viscoelastic pipelines. A frequency-domain analysis of the transient flow was performed by deriving the Fourier transform and transfer matrix. An inverse problem analysis method for transient flow leak detection was proposed to identify the leak location and rate by minimizing the objective function. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, an experimental platform was built, and the pressure head frequency-domain data under working conditions of no leak, experimental leak, and simulated leak were compared. The results showed that the experimental data were consistent with the simulated data under leakage conditions, thus proving that the model was accurate and reliable. Under leak-free conditions, the frequency-domain characteristics of transient pressure waves exhibit significant symmetrical features, whereas when a leak exists in the pipeline, the leak point acts as a localized non-uniform disturbance source, disrupting the symmetry of the frequency-domain characteristics. Moreover, the leak point can be determined by the difference in the peak heights between the no-leak and leak conditions, and the leak parameters can be accurately identified using the inverse problem method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Engineering and Materials)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 3352 KB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Modeling Study of the Thermodynamic Behavior and Solubility of the NH₄NO₃–D-Sucrose–Water Ternary System at 298.15 K

by Wiam El Fadel, Soukaina El Hantati, Zineb Nour, Abderrahim Dinane, Brahim Messnaoui, Abdelfetah Mounir, Abderrahim Samaouali and Asmae Arbaoui

Processes 2025, 13(11), 3438; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113438 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

In this study, thermodynamic properties such as water activity, osmotic coefficient, and saturation points of the aqueous mixture in the system D-Sucrose + Water + ammonium nitrate (AN) were determined at 298.15 K. The measurements were carried out on the mixtures of concentrations of NH₄NO₃ (ranging from 0.1 to 6 mol·kg⁻¹) and D-sucrose (from 0.1 to 4 mol·kg⁻¹) using our hygrometric method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the solid phases crystallized during the supersaturation of the solution. Other thermodynamic quantities such as the solute activity coefficients, excess Gibbs energies, transfer energies, and solute solubilities were calculated using the Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model. The results obtained indicate that at an AN concentration lower than 1 mol·kg⁻¹, the system exhibits increasingly negative deviations from ideality, and that NH₄NO₃ promotes the salting-out effect of sucrose. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Thermodynamics in Chemical Engineering)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 5815 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Analytical Assessment of Deterioration in the Qianlong Tripitaka Wooden Scripture Plates

by Wangting Wu, Yuhan Peng, Jianrui Zha, Ge Zhang, Mengdie Lv and Yingzhu Wang

Polymers 2025, 17(21), 2855; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17212855 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

The Qianlong Tripitaka preserved in the Capital Museum is a distinctive large-scale wood block printing plates of the Qing Dynasty. It represents a unique type of Chinese documentary wooden heritage preserved in a dry museum environment, which has rarely been subjected to comprehensive physicochemical analysis, resulting in an inadequate understanding of their deterioration processes. This study applied a comprehensive multi-analytical method to investigate the deterioration of the scripture plates. The findings indicate that the Qianlong Tripitaka shows typical structural deformation, chemical depolymerization, and a decline in structural integrity and stability. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Computed Tomography (CT) revealed thinning and the distortion of cell walls, reduced density, and partial collapse of tissue structures. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated lower decomposition temperatures and higher inorganic residues, while a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyzer (BET) showed diminished surface area, expanded pores, and compromised connectivity. Moisture content analyses verified significant water loss, contributing to brittleness and susceptibility to microbial degradation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed considerable hemicellulose degradation, the disruption of cellulose crystallinity, and relatively stable lignin. This study highlights the value of a multi-analytical strategy for assessing the deterioration of wooden cultural heritage, providing a transferable framework for similar documentary wooden artifacts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

35 pages, 1895 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Applications of the Digital Twin and the Related Technologies Within the Power Generation Sector: A Systematic Literature Review

by Saeid Shahmoradi, Mahmood Hosseini Imani, Andrea Mazza and Enrico Pons

Energies 2025, 18(21), 5627; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215627 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Digital Twin (DT) technology has emerged as a valuable tool for researchers and engineers, enabling them to optimize performance and enhance system efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA framework to explore current applications of DT technology in the power generation sector while highlighting key advancements. A new framework is developed to categorize DTs in terms of time-scale horizons and applications, focusing on power plant types (emissive vs. non-emissive), operational behaviors (including condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, fault detection, power generation prediction, and optimization), and specific components (e.g., power transformers). The time-scale is subdivided into a six-level structure to precisely indicate the speed and time range at which it is used. More importantly, each category in the application is further subcategorized into a three-level framework: component-level (i.e., fundamental physical properties and operational characteristics), system-level (i.e., interaction of subsystems and optimization), and service-level (i.e., value-adding service outputs). This classification can be utilized by various parties, such as stakeholders, engineers, scientists, and policymakers, to gain both a general and detailed understanding of potential research and operational gaps. Addressing these gaps could improve asset longevity and reduce energy consumption and emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy System Technologies: 3rd Edition)

17 pages, 4066 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence Mechanism of Chemically Modified Alumina on the Hydration of Gypsum-Based Self-Leveling Mortar

by Haozhe Ma, Meirong Zong, Nshuti Cedrick, Yuting Sun, Wenhao Wang, Xiancui Yan, Hui Liu, Pinghua Zhu and Minqi Hua

Materials 2025, 18(21), 4898; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214898 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550)-functionalized nano-active Al₂O₃ (KH-Al) on the properties of gypsum-based self-leveling mortar (GSL) prepared from industrial by-product gypsum. First, the effects of incorporating KH-Al at dosages of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% on the fluidity, setting time, and mechanical properties of GSL were analyzed. Subsequently, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydration heat analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the influences of the nanomaterial on the mortar’s morphology, hydration characteristics, and crystal forms of hydration products were thoroughly examined. Finally, by comparing the modified GSL with ordinary GSL, the mechanism of KH-Al’s action on GSL was elucidated. The results demonstrate that nano-active Al₂O₃ modified with KH550 exhibits excellent dispersibility in the GSL paste. As the dosage of KH-Al increases, both the fluidity and setting time of GSL decrease. Upon incorporating KH-Al, the mechanical properties of GSL initially improve and then decline, with optimal mechanical performance observed at a 0.5% KH-Al addition. However, when the KH-Al dosage exceeds 0.5%, excess nano-active Al₂O₃ causes nanoparticle agglomeration, which impedes the hydration process. The nucleation effect of KH-Al promotes the formation of CŜH₂ and AFt, refines the crystals of hydration products, and enhances the phase transformation efficiency of the mortar. These findings indicate that KH-Al has significant potential to improve the mechanical strength and hydration kinetics of gypsum mortar and provide theoretical support for the application of nanomaterials in gypsum building materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Sustainable Construction and Building Materials (3rd Edition))

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 2092 KB

Open AccessReview

Bioengineering Strategies for Corneal Endothelial Cell Injection Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Translation

by Yura Choi, Mi-Young Jung, Eunsun Han and Choul Yong Park

Bioengineering 2025, 12(11), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111162 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Corneal endothelial dysfunction is a leading cause of vision impairment globally, traditionally managed through donor-dependent keratoplasty procedures. However, limitations in donor tissue availability, surgical complexity, and long-term graft survival have prompted the development of cell-based regenerative therapies. Among these, corneal endothelial cells (CECs) injection therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, offering the potential to restore endothelial function. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in bioengineering strategies for CECs therapy, including cell sourcing from donor tissue, pluripotent stem cells, and transdifferentiated somatic cells; optimization of culture conditions and substrates; and delivery protocols that enhance cell adhesion and survival. We further examine clinical trial outcomes and propose future directions for clinical translation. The convergence of cell biology, biomaterials engineering, and translational medicine positions CECs injection therapy as a transformative solution to corneal blindness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioengineering and the Eye—3rd Edition)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 348 KB

Open AccessArticle

Solutions of Da Rios Vortex Filament Equation of Cartan Null Curves with Combescure Transformation

by Yanlin Li, Osman Keçilioğlu, Kazım İlarslan and Qingyou Sun

Mathematics 2025, 13(21), 3411; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213411 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

In this study, Cartan null curves connected via the Combescure transformation are investigated within the framework of Minkowski 3-space, and the necessary conditions for establishing such connections are derived. The relationships between the Frenet vectors and curvatures of these curve pairs are also analyzed. Furthermore, when a ruled surface generated by a Cartan null curve provides a solution to the Da Rios equation, the conditions under which the ruled surface generated was by the corresponding Cartan null curve, related through the Combescure transformation, also satisfies the equation. All obtained results are supported with illustrative examples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Studies in Differential Geometry and Its Applications)

18 pages, 7312 KB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring Contamination Levels and Incubation Results of Hatching Eggs Sanitized with Essential Oils

by Vinícius Machado dos Santos, Gabriel da Silva Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Gomes de Sá Santos, Liz de Albuquerque Cerqueira, José Luiz de Paula Rôlo Jivago, Susana Suely Rodrigues Milhomem Paixão, Márcio Botelho de Castro and Concepta McManus

Antibiotics 2025, 14(11), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14111076 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Making sustainable choices and transforming guidelines into effective bacterial control practices for viable and safe hatching eggs is a challenge for many researchers. Gradually, scientific findings are strengthening the case for using antibacterial protocols with essential oils (EOs) for hatching eggs, which could lead to changes in traditional egg sanitization management and stimulate new research. The present study aimed to measure the contamination levels and incubation outcomes of hatching eggs sanitized with Zingiber officinale (ZOEO), Cymbopogon flexuosus (CFEO), and Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO) essential oils. Methods: Hatching eggs from commercial broiler breeders were sanitized with solutions of ZOEO, CFEO, and ROEO prepared in grain alcohol and compared with formaldehyde and non-sanitized eggs. Bacterial contamination, eggshell integrity, incubation parameters, embryonic trachea histology, genotoxicity, and irritation potential were evaluated under commercial conditions. Results: It has been demonstrated that these EOs significantly reduce eggshell and yolk sac contamination, promote hatchability rates above 93% with good-quality chicks, and do not cause alterations in the embryonic trachea or potential genetic damage to the chicks. Conclusions: ZOEO, CFEO, and ROEO can be recommended as sanitizers for hatching eggs. Full article

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 295 KB

Open AccessArticle

How Digital Transformation Affect Green Innovation Performance of MNEs: From the Organizational Learning Perspective

by Shaojun Zhou, Qian Feng and Binwu Cheng

Sustainability 2025, 17(21), 9522; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219522 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

The digital transformation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging economies has gained increasing interest in academic circles and business communities. However, how and when digital transformation affects green innovation in MNEs remains unknown. Using the theory of organizational learning, this study explores the relationship between digital transformation and the green innovation performance of MNEs, reveals the underlying theoretical mechanisms (i.e., absorptive capacity), and identifies the moderating role of the degree of internationalization and state ownership. Data from Chinese listed MNEs from 2010 to 2019 were used to examine mediating and moderating effects, and robustness tests were performed. The results show that (1) digital transformation can enhance green innovation in MNEs by improving their absorptive capacity; (2) a high degree of internationalization can strengthen the positive relationship between digital transformation and absorptive capacity; and (3) the positive effect of digital transformation on absorptive capacity is stronger in state-owned MNEs than in private MNEs. This study provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding how and when digital transformation affects green innovation in MNEs. The results provide insights into digital transformation and can inform policies regarding green innovation performance and sustainable development in firms. Full article

26 pages, 1426 KB

Open AccessArticle

Generalizable Hybrid Wavelet–Deep Learning Architecture for Robust Arrhythmia Detection in Wearable ECG Monitoring

by Ukesh Thapa, Bipun Man Pati, Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn and Lorenzo Mucchi

Sensors 2025, 25(21), 6590; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216590 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

This paper investigates Electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm classification using a progressive deep learning framework that combines time–frequency representations with complementary hand-crafted features. In the first stage, ECG signals from the PhysioNet Challenge 2017 dataset are transformed into scalograms and input to diverse architectures, including Simple Convolutional Neural Network (SimpleCNN), Residual Network with 18 Layers (ResNet-18), Convolutional Neural Network-Transformer (CNNTransformer), and Vision Transformer (ViT). ViT achieved the highest accuracy (0.8590) and F1-score (0.8524), demonstrating the feasibility of pure image-based ECG analysis, although scalograms alone showed variability across folds. In the second stage, scalograms were fused with scattering and statistical features, enhancing robustness and interpretability. FusionViT without dimensionality reduction achieved the best performance (accuracy = 0.8623, F1-score = 0.8528), while Fusion ResNet-18 offered a favorable trade-off between accuracy (0.8321) and inference efficiency (0.016 s per sample). The application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduced the dimensionality of the feature from 509 to 27, reducing the computational cost while maintaining competitive performance (FusionViT precision = 0.8590). The results highlight a trade-off between efficiency and fine-grained temporal resolution. Training-time augmentations mitigated class imbalance, enabling lightweight inference (0.006–0.043 s per sample). For real-world use, the framework can run on wearable ECG devices or mobile health apps. Scalogram transformation and feature extraction occur on-device or at the edge, with efficient models like ResNet-18 enabling near real-time monitoring. Abnormal rhythm alerts can be sent instantly to users or clinicians. By combining visual and statistical signal features, optionally reduced with PCA, the framework achieves high accuracy, robustness, and efficiency for practical deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Body Communication)

16 pages, 36019 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ultra-Rapid Synthesis of Co₃O₄ Nanostructures with Tunable Morphology via Nickel-Assisted Anodization

by Leydi Julieta Cardenas Flechas, Jorge Bautista-Ruiz, Paulo Tarso Cavalcante Freire, Elaine Cristina Paris and Miryam Rincón Joya

Inorganics 2025, 13(11), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13110350 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Various morphologies of cobalt oxide Co

_{3}

_{4}

Various morphologies of cobalt oxide Co

_{3}

_{4}

films on cobalt (Co) foils were obtained via anodization followed by a thermal treatment at 350 °C. This study introduces a rapid and cost-effective synthesis route, achieving well-defined spinel structures in only 30 min. The novelty of this work lies in exploring nickel (Ni) as a morphological modifier in the anodization electrolyte. FESEM analysis revealed that, while anodization without Ni produced nanoflake structures, the inclusion of Ni transformed the morphology into larger cubic crystals and rice grain–shaped nanoparticles. XPS confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies during phase formation, TEM showed spinel grains smaller than 20 nm, and Raman spectroscopy exhibited characteristic peak shifts influenced by both anodization and Ni addition. These results demonstrate that Ni not only accelerates the formation of spinel

C o_{3} O_{4}

but also plays a decisive role in tailoring morphology, highlighting the efficiency and novelty of this approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry)

16 pages, 6750 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Preliminary Study on Species Identification of Immature Necrophagous Phorid Flies Based on FTIR Spectroscopy

by Wutong Jia, Dianxing Feng and Yanan Tang

Animals 2025, 15(21), 3110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15213110 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Phorid flies serve as the main colonizers of human remains in both indoor and burial environments. Their developmental patterns can be utilized to estimate the minimum postmortem interval (minPMI). Accurate species identification, particularly for immature stages, is essential before utilizing their developmental data to estimate minPMI. This study employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to investigate species identification of eggs (0 h, 8 h, 16 h), larvae (12 h, 60 h, 84 h), and pupae (1 d, 5 d, 10 d) of three necrophagous Phoridae species, Dohrniphora cornuta, Diplonevra funebris, and Megaselia scalaris at 24 °C. The results showed that the FTIR spectra within the fingerprint region (1800–900 cm⁻¹) differed among the three immature phorid flies. These differences were primarily manifested in absorption peak intensities. The PLS-DA analysis successfully distinguished the three species at the same developmental stage. This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods to both rapidly identify the species of immature small flies and simultaneously estimate their age. Full article

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 2879 KB

Open AccessArticle

Skeleton-Based Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition Using Data Fusion and Ensemble Multi-Stream CNN Architecture

by Maki K. Habib, Oluwaleke Yusuf and Mohamed Moustafa

Technologies 2025, 13(11), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13110484 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Hand Gesture Recognition (HGR) is a vital technology that enables intuitive human–computer interaction in various domains, including augmented reality, smart environments, and assistive systems. Achieving both high accuracy and real-time performance remains challenging due to the complexity of hand dynamics, individual morphological variations, and computational limitations. This paper presents a lightweight and efficient skeleton-based HGR framework that addresses these challenges through an optimized multi-stream Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture and a trainable ensemble tuner. Dynamic 3D gestures are transformed into structured, noise-minimized 2D spatiotemporal representations via enhanced data-level fusion, supporting robust classification across diverse spatial perspectives. The ensemble tuner strengthens semantic relationships between streams and improves recognition accuracy. Unlike existing solutions that rely on high-end hardware, the proposed framework achieves real-time inference on consumer-grade devices without compromising accuracy. Experimental validation across five benchmark datasets (SHREC2017, DHG1428, FPHA, LMDHG, and CNR) confirms consistent or superior performance with reduced computational overhead. Additional validation on the SBU Kinect Interaction Dataset highlights generalization potential for broader Human Action Recognition (HAR) tasks. This advancement bridges the gap between efficiency and accuracy, supporting scalable deployment in AR/VR, mobile computing, interactive gaming, and resource-constrained environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Medical and Assistive Technologies Using Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Techniques)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 476 KB

Open AccessReview

The Value of Circulating Tumor HPV DNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: A Review ^†

by Rüveyda Dok, Sandra Nuyts, Fernando Lopez, Carol Bradford, Arlene A. Forastiere, Primož Strojan, Abbas Agaimy, Göran Stenman, Fernanda V. Mariano, Ilmo Leivo, Karthik N. Rao, Michelle Williams, Avraham Eisbruch, Nabil F. Saba and Alfio Ferlito

Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2708; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212708 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) represent a distinct subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) characterized by better prognosis and increased radiosensitivity compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. However, current diagnostic and monitoring methods, including tissue biopsies and imaging, are insufficient for precise risk stratification and early detection of recurrence, leading to challenges in treatment de-escalation and surveillance strategies. Circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPV-DNA) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive biomarker that offers tumor-specific detection and monitoring capabilities, potentially transforming the management of HPV-related OPSCC through early disease detection, treatment response assessment, recurrence surveillance stratification, and disease monitoring. Despite encouraging results from early clinical studies, current use is limited to trial settings. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to validate its clinical utility and determine whether early ctHPV-DNA testing can improve patient outcome while reducing treatment related morbidity. This review outlines the biological rationale, technological approaches, and current clinical evidence for ctHPV-DNA in HPV-related OPSCC, emphasizing its potential role in treatment monitoring and surveillance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Pathology and Imaging for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumors)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1727 KB

Open AccessReview

Role of the EUS in the Treatment of Biliopancreatic Disease in Patients with Surgically Altered Anatomy

by Marcello Cintolo, Edoardo Forti, Giulia Bonato, Michele Puricelli, Lorenzo Dioscoridi, Marianna Bravo, Camilla Gallo, Francesco Pugliese, Andrea Palermo, Alessia La Mantia and Massimiliano Mutignani

Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2707; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212707 (registering DOI) - 26 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: The rising prevalence of gastric, biliary, and pancreatic surgeries has led to an increasing population of patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA). In this setting, conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is often limited by anatomical barriers, resulting in high rates of technical failure and complications. While device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) has expanded therapeutic possibilities, its efficacy remains modest in complex reconstructions. Methods: This review analyzed recent literature from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus up to April 2025, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic roles of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in SAA. Particular attention was given to cases where standard endoscopic, percutaneous, or surgical techniques failed and to studies comparing EUS-guided approaches with alternative modalities. Results: EUS has transitioned from a primarily diagnostic modality to a versatile therapeutic platform in SAA. Techniques such as EUS-guided rendezvous, antegrade drainage, and hepaticogastrostomy have shown technical and clinical success rates exceeding 80–90%, often comparable or superior to interventional radiology, while reducing the need for external drains. Innovative procedures, including EUS-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) and EUS-directed enteroenteric bypass (EDEE), have transformed the management of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and bilioenteric anastomoses, providing durable and reusable access for repeated interventions. Despite these advances, EUS-guided interventions remain technically demanding, requiring advanced endoscopic and radiologic skills, specialized devices, and are best performed in tertiary referral centers. Conclusions: EUS has redefined the treatment paradigm of biliopancreatic diseases in patients with SAA, increasingly emerging as the preferred minimally invasive approach when conventional techniques fail. Future developments will focus on dedicated devices, standardized guidelines, and structured training programs to optimize outcomes. Multidisciplinary collaboration and centralization in high-volume centers remain essential to ensure safety, efficacy, and reproducibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Clinical Medicine)

►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Error

Oops... you haven't selected anything for export.

Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1918.

Go to page 1 2 3 4 5

Search Results (95,864)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI