Strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), launched from δ-sunspots, are the most catastrophic energy-releasing events in the solar system. The formations of δ-sunspots and relevant polarity inversion lines (PILs) are crucial for th...
Studies of active region (AR) lifetimes are mostly restricted to short-lived ARs. The aim of this paper is to include recurrent ARs, which should be identified unambiguously. The first step is the algorithmic listing of possible returns; then, the ca...
Photospheric magnetic fields are manifested as sunspots, which cover various sizes over high-resolution, full-disk, solar continuum images. This paper proposes a novel deep learning method named SIPNet, which is designed to extract and segment multis...
Whether there is a correlation between sunspots and an impact on insects has long been a subject of debate. As a worldwide pest, the cotton bollworm can feed on a variety of plants and cause great harm to agriculture. Clarifying the pattern of sunspo...
A scientific method that proposes a value Y to estimate a target value ρ is often subject to some level of uncertainty. In the Bayesian framework, the level of uncertainty can be measured by the width of the 68% interval, which is the range of th...
To improve the predictive accuracy of sunspot numbers, a hybrid model was built to forecast future sunspot numbers. In this paper, we present a prediction model based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), ga...
Sunspot daily time series have been available for almost two centuries providing vast and complicated information about the behavior of our star and especially the interaction of the motion of the planets and other possible interstellar phenomena and...
To ensure the long-term consistency of sunspot group data, it is essential to harmonize measurements from SOHO/MDI and SDO/HMI, two major solar observatories with overlapping coverage. In our analysis, we use two complementary sets of data: SOHO/MDI&...
Solar activity has been subject to increasingly more research in the last decades. Its influence on life on Earth is now better understood. Solar winds impact the earth’s magnetic field and atmosphere. They can disrupt satellite communication a...
Sunspots have a significant impact on human activities. In this study, we aimed to improve solar activity prediction accuracy. To predict the sunspot number based on different aspects, such as extracted features and relationships among data, we devel...
We identify large sunspot nestlets (SN) mostly containing recurrent sunspot groups and investigate the indices of solar activity defined as the 11- or 22-year moving average of the daily areas of the SN. These nestlets, 667 in total, are constructed...
Runoff prediction is of great importance to water utilization and water-project regulation. Although sun activity has been considered an important factor in runoff, little modeling has been constructed. This study put forward a forecast heuristic com...
Solar magnetic activity exhibits a complex nonlinear behavior, but its dynamic process has not been fully understood. As the complex network technique can better capture the dynamics of nonlinear system, the visibility graphs (VG), the horizontal vis...
Based on the daily sunspot number (SN) data (1954–2011) from the Purple Mountain Observatory, the extreme value theory (EVT) is employed for the research of the long-term solar activity. It is the first time that the EVT is applied on the Chinese SN....
This paper presents a study of the comparison of the southwest monsoon rainfall (SWMR) over two East Coastal States of India with the sunspot number (SSN) of the solar cycle, when the SSN is 50% or more of the maximum SSN of any cycle, during 1880&nd...
An analysis of the solar differential rotation (DR) during solar cycle No. 24 (SC24) (2009–2019), based on the Kanzelhöhe Observatory for Solar and Environmental Research (KSO) data set, is presented. The white-light images were processed...
The Second Songhua River Basin is located at the northern edge of the East Asian monsoon region in China. The river basin has a large interannual rainfall-runoff variation often associated with frequent droughts and floods. Therefore, the mid-long-te...
Galileo and the telescope revolutionized the concept of the Sun. The discovery of its rotation was possible due to the continuous observation of the sunspots. The faculae and the maculae with umbra and penumbra became accessible daily to new instrume...
Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the solar energy received by the Earth and therefore is of direct relevance for a possible solar influence on climate change on Earth. We analyse the TSI space measurements from 1991 to 2021, and we derive a re...
Forest ecosystems in Europe undergo cyclic fluctuations with alternating periods of forest prosperity and disturbances. Forest disturbances are caused by large-scale calamities (climate-induced and unforeseen events) resulting in an increased volume...
In this study, the results from the analysis of annual ring widths (‘Dm’) time series of two “very sensitive” to the climate and solar–climate relationships of long lived European beech (Fagus sylvatica) samples (on age of 209 ± 1 and 245 ± 5 years c...
With the aggravation of the ocean–atmosphere cycle anomaly, understanding the potential teleconnections between climate indices and drought/flood conditions can help us know natural hazards more comprehensively to better cope with them. This study ai...
During the last few decades, a prominent example of extreme weather events in the Indian Ocean region has been cyclonic storms. In this paper, annual variations of different categories of tropical cyclonic storms over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and Arab...
The present study deals with the investigation of the oscillatory morphology of guided slow body MHD modes in inhomogeneous magnetic waveguides that appear in the solar photospheric plasmas in the forms of pores or sunspots. The eigenvalues and eigen...
The aim of this research was to determine relationships between solar activity and variability of discharges of three Central European rivers: the Vistula, Odra and Warta in Poland in the multi-annual period of 1901–2020. Changes in precipitati...
This paper examines the use of machine learning methods in modeling and forecasting time series with long memory through GARMA. By employing rigorous model selection criteria through simulation study, we find that the hybrid GARMA-LSTM model outperfo...
The impact of solar cycles on forest stands, while important in the development of the forest environment during climate change, has not yet been sufficiently researched. This work evaluates the radial growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in...
In this paper, we study solar magnetic activity by means of a complex network approach. A complex network was built based on information on the space and time evolution of sunspots provided by image recognition algorithms on solar magnetograms taken...
In the present communication, a new concept of a cohesive fuzzy set (CHFS) has been proposed as a synchronized generalization of complex fuzzy sets and hesitant fuzzy sets in a systematic way. The novelty of the introduced notion lies in the selectio...
Time series of abundance indices for Desert Locusts Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) and Oriental Migratory Locusts Locusta migratoriamanilensis (Meyen 1835) were analysed independently and in relation to measures of solar activity and ocea...
In this paper, the Sun and its behavior are studied by means of complex networks. The complex network was built using the Visibility Graph algorithm. This method maps time series into graphs in which every element of the time series is considered as...
We investigated the relations between the monthly average values of the critical frequency (f0F2) and the physical properties of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs), then we examined the seasonal variation of f0F2 values as an impact of the several CME...
Detection of the temporal reversibility of a given process is an interesting time series analysis scheme that enables the useful characterisation of processes and offers an insight into the underlying processes generating the time series. Reversibili...
Profiling the hydrological response of watershed precipitation and streamflow to large-scale circulation patterns and astronomical factors provides novel information into the scientific management and prediction of regional water resources. Possible...
Observations show that the Sun, which is the primary source of energy for the Earth’s climate system, is a variable star. In order to understand the influence of solar variability on the Earth’s climate, knowledge of solar variability and solar–terre...
Characterizing and modeling processes at the sun and space plasma in our solar system are difficult because the underlying physics is often complex, nonlinear, and not well understood. The drivers of a system are often nonlinearly correlated with one...
The purpose of this paper is to design tools that quantify the structure of the nonsymmetrical component of the solar magnetic field. With the Fourier transform and the machine learning identification of recurrent objects, we define the 27-day compon...
Considering the growing volumes and varieties of ionosphere data, it is expected that automation of analytical model building using modern technologies could lead to more accurate results. In this work, machine learning techniques are applied to iono...
There were 51 superactive regions (SARs) during solar cycles (SCs) 21–24. We divided the SARs into SARs1, which produced extreme space weather events including ≥X5.0 flares, ground level events (GLEs), and super geomagnetic storms (SGSs, Dst...
This paper presents a historical overview of conceptions about the Sun in Western astronomical and cosmological traditions before the advent of spectroscopy and astrophysics. Rather than studying general cultural ideas, we focus on the concepts devel...
Bipolar emerging flux regions (EFRs) form active regions (ARs) that generally evolve into a pre-existing magnetic environment in the solar atmosphere. Reconfiguration of the small- and large-scale magnetic connectivities is invoked to explain a pleth...
To address limitations such as short forecast periods, data collection challenges, insufficient understanding of physical mechanisms, and single-scale constraints, forecasting factors and their characteristics were analyzed across astronomical, globa...
In this study, we use available reconstructed data to investigate periodicities of solar activity (i.e., sunspot number) and the Earth’s climate change (temperatures of Lake Qinghai in China and Vostok in Antarctica, the GISP δ18O climate...
(1) Introduction: The subject of the present study concerns the analysis of the existence and long time evolution of the solar ~200 yr (de Vries/Suess) and ~2400 yr (Hallstadt) cycles during the recent part of the Wurm ice epoch and the Holocene, as...
The Gegenbauer autoregressive moving-average (GARMA) model is pivotal for addressing non-additivity, non-normality, and heteroscedasticity in real-world time-series data. While primarily recognized for its efficacy in various domains, including the h...
Large-scale magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) usually become visible during an eruption and are the core structures of coronal mass ejections, but the nature of MFRs is still a mystery. Here, we identify a large transequatorial MFR that spans across NOAA 13...
The long-range correlations associated with the presence of persistence are investigated by applying the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) on three different proxies of long-term solar activity. The considered datasets are a sunspot number reconst...
The island of Mallorca has experienced major interventions and transformations of the territory, with unprecedented urban development related to growing tourism activity. In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal analysis—by using spectral an...
27 February 2022
Historical environmental evidence has been characterized by time accuracy, high spatial resolution and rich information, which may be widely used in the reconstruction of historical data series. Taking the upper reaches of the Weihe River as an examp...
The abundance of ions within the ionosphere makes it an important region for both long range and satellite communication systems. However, characterizing the complexity in the ionosphere within the equatorial region of Abuja, with geographic coordina...
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