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Advanced Pre-Earthquake Sensing and Detection Technologies
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Advanced Pre-Earthquake Sensing and Detection Technologies

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 2221

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dimitar Ouzounov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Earth, Computing, Human and Observing, Chapman University, CA, USA
Interests: geophysics; earthquakes; LAI coupling; geocomputing; geospace & remote sensing
Dr. Katsumi Hattori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
Interests: earthquake forecast; geophysics; signal processing; remote sensing; earthquake precursor phenomena
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A significant challenge for the science community is understanding earthquake processes and other geohazards in the context of rapidly changes to the Earth as a result of the Sun's activities and exacerbating climate change. This volume presents the latest results of cross-disciplinary space- and ground-based studies on the synergy of pre-earthquake processes. It advances earlier interdisciplinary results from studies of the Earth’s global environment with ground- and/or space-borne multi-instrument observations. Over the last 30 years, international community cooperation has shown the existence of pre-earthquake phenomena and suggested the concept of lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC), which indicates that different types of disturbances in the lithosphere—electromagnetic, electrical, mechanical, and geochemical—accompany the earthquake preparation process. However, there are still a few open questions regarding differences in space weather and other influences, bio-sensing phenomena, and the role of triggers in the occurrence of earthquakes.

This volume advances interdisciplinary studies of pre-earthquake phenomena. It will help elaborate the topics of geosphere coupling and space weather impacts for the broader science community.

Keywords:

  • Observations, modeling, and analyses of geochemical, electromagnetic, and thermodynamic processes and case histories relating to stress changes in the lithosphere, geohazards, and space weather.
  • Utilizing space-borne multi-instrument observations from Swarm (ESA, 2013), CSES01 (China/Italy, 2018), and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (Taiwan/USA, 2019) to study pre-earthquake processes, geohazards, and space weather.
  • Applying ground-based electrical, geochemical, electromagnetic, seismic, and infrasound observations of pre-earthquake phenomena, biosensing, and geospace impacts.
  • Exporting different models and multi-instrumental observations of earthquake-triggering.
  • Reviewing the biosensing phenomena of humans, animals, and plants associated with earthquake processes, geohazards, and space weather.

Dr. Dimitar Ouzounov
Dr. Katsumi Hattori
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 5473 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity of Band-Pass Filtered In Situ Low-Earth Orbit and Ground-Based Ionosphere Observations to Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Over the Aegean Sea: Spectral Analysis of Two-Year Ionospheric Data Series
by Wojciech Jarmołowski, Anna Belehaki and Paweł Wielgosz
Sensors 2024, 24(23), 7795; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237795 - 5 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 903
Abstract
This study demonstrates a rich complexity of the time–frequency ionospheric signal spectrum, dependent on the measurement type and platform. Different phenomena contributing to satellite-derived and ground-derived geophysical data that only selected signal bands can be potentially sensitive to seismicity over time, and they [...] Read more.
This study demonstrates a rich complexity of the time–frequency ionospheric signal spectrum, dependent on the measurement type and platform. Different phenomena contributing to satellite-derived and ground-derived geophysical data that only selected signal bands can be potentially sensitive to seismicity over time, and they are applicable in lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) studies. In this study, satellite-derived and ground-derived ionospheric observations are filtered by a Fourier-based band-pass filter, and an experimental selection of potentially sensitive frequency bands has been carried out. This work focuses on band-pass filtered ionospheric observations and seismic activity in the region of the Aegean Sea over a two-year time period (2020–2021), with particular focus on the entire system of tectonic plate junctions, which are suspected to be a potential source of ionospheric disturbances distributed over hundreds of kilometers. The temporal evolution of seismicity power in the Aegean region is represented by the record of earthquakes characterized by M ≥ 4.5, used for the estimation of cumulative seismic energy. The ionospheric response to LAIC is explored in three data types: short inspections of in situ electron density (Ne) over a tectonic plate boundary by Swarm satellites, stationary determination of three Ne density profile parameters by the Athens Digisonde station AT138 (maximum frequency of the F2 layer: foF2; maximum frequency of the sporadic E layer: foEs; and frequency spread: ff), and stationary measure of vertical total electron content (VTEC) interpolated from a UPC-IonSAT Quarter-of-an-hour time resolution Rapid Global ionospheric map (UQRG) near Athens. The spectrograms are made with the use of short-term Fourier transform (STFT). These frequency bands in the spectrograms, which show a notable coincidence with seismicity, are filtered out and compared to cumulative seismic energy in the Aegean Sea, to the geomagnetic Dst index, to sunspot number (SN), and to the solar radio flux (F10.7). In the case of Swarm, STFT allows for precise removal of long-wavelength Ne signals related to specific latitudes. The application of STFT to time series of ionospheric parameters from the Digisonde station and GIM VTEC is crucial in the removal of seasonal signals and strong diurnal and semi-diurnal signal components. The time series formed from experimentally selected wavebands of different ionospheric observations reveal a moderate but notable correlation with the seismic activity, higher than with any solar radiation parameter in 8 out of 12 cases. The correlation coefficient must be treated relatively and with caution here, as we have not determined the shift between seismic and ionospheric events, as this process requires more data. However, it can be observed from the spectrograms that some weak signals from selected frequencies are candidates to be related to seismic processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Pre-Earthquake Sensing and Detection Technologies)
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14 pages, 10449 KiB  
Article
Research on Subsurface Electrical Structure Based on a Dense Geomagnetic Array in Southern Yunnan
by Xiaoyu Shen and Yujia Cao
Sensors 2024, 24(19), 6221; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24196221 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 608
Abstract
The electrical resistivity of subsurface rocks is one of the important sensitive parameters characterizing the internal physics of the Earth. Currently, research on subsurface electrical structures using geomagnetic sounding methods primarily focuses on two approaches: the first is based on observations from a [...] Read more.
The electrical resistivity of subsurface rocks is one of the important sensitive parameters characterizing the internal physics of the Earth. Currently, research on subsurface electrical structures using geomagnetic sounding methods primarily focuses on two approaches: the first is based on observations from a few geomagnetic stations, which have low spatial resolution and cannot effectively describe the distribution of anomalies; the second is based on mobile geomagnetic observations, which have low temporal resolution and cannot promptly reflect anomalies. To address these issues, this study deployed a dense geomagnetic array for long-term observation in the southern segment of the Xiaojiang Fault Zone in the Yuxi area of southern Yunnan. This setup aims to promptly capture seismic magnetic anomalies, providing more data support and fundamental information for short-term earthquake prediction. Based on the long-term observation data from the dense array, the study of the subsurface electrical structure is carried out. The results indicate that during the observation period, which was seismically quiet, the regional subsurface electrical structure remained stable. A large-scale subsurface low-resistivity body was observed in the region, and the electrical structures at the two ends of the southern segment of the Xiaojiang Fault Zone were found to be completely different. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Pre-Earthquake Sensing and Detection Technologies)
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