Search Results (1,160)

This paper proposes a low-carbon optimization dispatch method for hydrogen-based multi-agent regional integrated energy system (RIES) that incorporate CET-GCT. The approach aims to coordinate the interests of all parties within the regional integrated energy system while reducing overall system carbon emissions. First, based on Stackelberg game theory, the interactions between the energy operator and agents on the supply side and demand side are fully characterized, establishing a “one main, two subordinate” multi-agent game model. Second, the model incorporates refined power-to-gas (P2G) technology to enhance system flexibility. Subsequently, a combined carbon trading-green certificate trading mechanism is introduced to effectively constrain the carbon emission behaviors of all stakeholders. Finally, an improved Ivy algorithm is integrated with the CPLEX solver to solve the proposed model. Simulation results demonstrate that while each entity maximizes its own benefits by adjusting its strategy, the system’s overall carbon emissions decrease by 5.12% and total revenue increased by 11.49%, yielding significant low-carbon economic benefits. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed model and methodology. Full article

This article focuses on the notions of third-order fuzzy differential subordination and superordination associated with the generalized Mittag-Leffler operator. Methods emphasizing the key concept of admissible functions are implemented to investigate several third-order fuzzy differential subordination and superordination results. Sandwich-type outcomes are established based on the adopted methodology, linking the dual fuzzy theoretical frameworks. In addition, the applications of fuzzy differential subordination are discussed in the context of decision making problems. The proposed approach provides the mathematical mechanism that ensures the stability and preservation of the decision under changes in criteria and preference evaluations, highlighting the importance of the developed theory. Full article

Background: Employee voice, as a bottom-up proactive behavior, is crucial for organizational development. However, sustaining employee voice over time remains a shared challenge for both practice and research. Among various influencing factors, supervisor feedback, due to its central role in organizational interactions, serves as a key source of decision-making information affecting employees’ subsequent voice intention. Nevertheless, existing research predominantly focuses on the unidirectional effects of supervisor feedback, often overlooking the bidirectional nature of leader–subordinate interactions. In reality, the effectiveness of supervisor feedback ultimately depends on its congruence with the subordinate’s psychological expectations. Methods: This study integrates person–environment fit theory and role identity theory to investigate how the congruence between subordinates’ expected feedback and supervisors’ actual feedback influences subsequent voice behavior. Through two studies—a scenario-based experiment with 201 participants and a retrospective questionnaire survey with 212 participants—we employed polynomial regression and response surface analysis to examine four feedback congruence patterns. Results: In congruent situations, the “expected positive–actual positive” combination promotes subsequent voice behavior more effectively than the “expected negative–actual negative” combination. In incongruent situations, the “expected negative–actual positive” combination is more effective in promoting subsequent voice than the “expected positive–actual negative” combination. Furthermore, voice role identity mediates the relationship between feedback congruence and subsequent voice behavior, revealing a key psychological mechanism. Implications: This study moves beyond a direct antecedent framework by focusing on the congruence between feedback expectations and reality, thereby deepening the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of voice. By empirically demonstrating how congruent and positive feedback strengthens employees’ internal identity as contributors, it provides practical insights for organizations aiming to foster a sustainable voice climate. Full article

This study investigates third-order differential subordination and its influence on classes of analytic functions associated with the Lommel function of the first kind. By employing a newly defined operator ${\mathbb{L}}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\mathrm{j}}f\left(z\right)$, we identify and characterize the admissible function classes that satisfy the corresponding third-order differential subordinations. These admissibility conditions enable the derivation of several key results, including a sandwich-type theorem obtained as a direct consequence of the established framework. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of analytic functions governed by higher-order differential constraints and highlight the significant role played by the Lommel function in shaping these geometric properties. Full article

The mean annual change in aboveground biomass (ΔAGB) is a pivotal indicator for assessing forest carbon cycle dynamics. This study analyzed 791 independent Abies Mill. forest patches across China to elucidate their driving mechanisms by integrating abiotic, anthropogenic, and biotic factors. We employed a spatially explicit framework, including spatial error regression and structural equation modeling (SEM), to account for significant spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I = 0.375, p < 0.001). Our results show that abiotic factors predominantly dictate ΔAGB, with soil fertility (pH and Total Nitrogen), elevation (DEM), and soil physical properties (Coarse Fragments and Thickness) explaining the majority of deterministic variance. This relatively low explanatory variance (marginal R² = 0.09) likely reflects the high environmental stochasticity inherent in alpine ecosystems. Specifically, soil fertility exerted the strongest positive influence (Std. Estimate = 0.33), while elevation and soil physical constraints were the primary limiting factors. Biotic factors (Stand Age, Height, and Tree Cover) played a subordinate role, contributing only a marginal 2% gain in explained variance (increasing marginal R² from 0.07 to 0.09). Path analysis revealed an “environmental filtering” hierarchy where abiotic factors shape stand structure, which in turn has limited impact on growth dynamics. These findings underscore that carbon management in alpine forests should prioritize habitat quality conservation over simple biotic structural manipulation. Full article

This paper explores the ethical dimensions of violence in sporting contexts, proposing that violence can be a virtue when characterized by controlled physicality. While society often views violence negatively, the paper argues that within rule-governed sports, certain forms of violence are morally permissible, strategically valuable, and essential to upholding the integrity of the game. Drawing on Suitsian terms and Kantian ethics, the paper develops a theory of lusory violence, distinguishing it from uncontrolled physicality or unmitigated violence. By examining the roles of enforcers in hockey, the development of MMA, and the ethics of sport jiu-jitsu, the paper suggests that violence is acceptable within a lusory framework only when it is purposive, strategically relevant, and constrained by rules that prioritize technical skill over raw damage. Ultimately, the paper argues that the ability to modulate violent behaviour represents a form of moral development, framing virtuous violence as a necessary tool for maintaining natural justice and personal excellence within specific sporting environments. Yet, virtuous violence is subordinate to technique, justice, and other defining elements of sports. Full article

This investigation introduces a novel family of univalent analytic functions subordinate to lung-shaped domains within the open unit disk. Through rigorous application of subordination theory and systematic analysis, we establish coefficient bounds for the initial five coefficients, derive estimates for Hankel determinants of orders two and three, determine bounds for the first four logarithmic coefficients, and derive the bounds of some Zalcman functionals. The lung-shaped domain is characterized by the subordination condition involving a secant-based function, which maps the unit disk onto a geometrically distinctive region exhibiting bilateral symmetry. All obtained bounds are demonstrated to be sharp through the construction of specific extreme functions. Full article

This paper presents a new subclass ${\mathcal{BS}}_{k-1}^{*}$ of starlike functions with respect to symmetric points associated with a domain bounded by an epicycloid with $k-1$ cusps. First, we derive bounds for the first five Taylor coefficients of functions in this subclass and obtain the first three coefficients of the corresponding logarithmic function. Moreover, for some special values, upper and lower bounds are established for several important functionals and determinants associated with the coefficients of functions in this subclass. Full article

This article argues that racism did not originate with the modern invention of race but crystallized out of a much older imperial grammar that had already learned how to naturalize domination through embodied difference. Long before race emerged as a named category, ancient and medieval empires developed durable ways of converting historically produced hierarchies into features of nature, the cosmos, and divine order. Through a comparative genealogy spanning early Mesopotamian epic, Near Eastern imperial inscriptions, Egyptian visual regimes, Greek philosophy and historiography, biblical scripture, South Asian metaphysics, late antique encyclopedism, and medieval Marian devotion, the article shows how inequality was repeatedly anchored in the body, in genealogy, in geography, and in moral psychology. Across these traditions, political authority is consistently masculinized, while subordination is feminized, animalized, or rendered reproductively vulnerable. Patriarchy and racialization thus emerge as co-constitutive imperial technologies rather than as separate or sequential phenomena. Modern racism did not invent hierarchy; it rendered an ancient logic portable, inheritable, and globally scalable by fastening domination to visible human difference. By situating race within a longue durée history of empire and male domination, the article reframes contemporary debates on racism as questions of imperial continuity rather than modern deviation. Full article

The representations of a Buddha flanked on either side by Brahmā and Indra from Gandhāra have long been identified as the iconography of “Entreaty to Teach,” an episode in the Buddha’s life. After he obtained enlightenment, Śākyamuni had planned to enter nirvana immediately but Brahmā and Indra persuaded the Buddha to teach the Dharma for the sake of sentient beings. This subject is quite prominent in Gandhāran Buddhist art. It appears among a group of earliest anthropomorphic representations of the Buddha. It is one of the first events singled out from the Buddha’s life to be represented with the Buddha image; this event does not glorify the Buddha, but rather contaminates his imagery somewhat. In fact, pairing Brahmā and Indra on either side of a main figure became very common later in Gandhāran, art and it also appears in other iconographies. Were these images meant only to represent the narrative of “Entreaty to Teach?” This study reassesses this well-known iconography in both visual and textual traditions. Challenging current identification in the field, the author suggests the possibility that this iconography represents an iconic image of the Buddha that is meant to glorify the Buddha by subordinating the top two Brahmanic gods as his attendants. Full article

Thermal comfort is among the primary determinants of habitability in the built environment. In tropical developing countries, however, its treatment in public housing policy has often been limited, fragmented, and, in many cases, subordinated to energy-saving criteria that do not adequately reflect occupant needs or local climatic diversity. This study analyses the integration of thermal comfort within housing policy using a mixed-methods approach combining regulatory analysis with post-occupancy environmental monitoring. Empirical monitoring shows average indoor temperatures between 16.3 °C and 18.5 °C, with more than 80% of recorded hours falling below adaptive comfort thresholds and a predicted dissatisfaction rate (PPD) of approximately 47%. These findings demonstrate that compliance with efficiency-centred sustainability regulation does not necessarily ensure thermally adequate indoor conditions in occupied social housing, highlighting a structural gap in current regulatory frameworks between efficiency-based compliance and thermally adequate indoor conditions in occupied social housing. The analytical framework integrates three dimensions: policy analysis, environmental performance verification, and interpretation of occupant adaptive behaviour. Rather than claiming that Bogotá is statistically representative of all tropical conditions, the paper treats it as an analytically revealing case in which tensions among efficiency-centred regulation, imported comfort standards, and constrained occupant adaptation become visible. The paper also demonstrates that the current Colombian sustainability regulation (Resolution 0194 of 2025) operationalises sustainability primarily through energy and water saving targets and climatic zoning, while lacking explicit, verifiable indicators for thermal comfort, occupant well-being, or health outcomes. Finally, the paper discusses the relevance of locally calibrated standards, standardised field methodologies, and passive design strategies within a broader agenda of energy governance, environmental equity, and housing adequacy. Full article

Deep brines represent important sources of strategic resources such as lithium and potassium, characterized by low exploration costs and high utilization rates. The Triassic strata in the Sichuan Basin contain abundant lithium- and potassium-rich brines, and understanding their origin is essential for exploring similar deposits. This study integrated field sampling and published data to systematically analyze the brines through hydrochemical testing, statistical methods, and water–rock reaction experiments, providing a comprehensive genetic interpretation based on hydrochemical features, element correlations, and characteristic coefficients. The results indicated that the brines are of the Cl–Na type, and both the sodium–chloride and chloride–bromide coefficients are consistent with a marine origin. Evapo-concentration was identified as the main controlling factor for ion enrichment, with subordinate influence from atmospheric precipitation. The common source of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ likely includes the widespread marine carbonate rocks and/or the alteration of Ca–Mg-bearing silicate minerals (e.g., in green bean rocks or detrital layers) during brine–rock interaction. The desulfation coefficient indicated that lithium enrichment depends on a closed reducing environment, while potassium enrichment shows minimal correlation with brine confinement. Leaching experiments confirmed that green bean rocks serve as a key effective source rock for lithium and potassium, with elemental leaching efficiency positively correlated with fluid salinity. Based on these findings, a “dual-recharge” genetic model is proposed: paleo-marine brines undergoing deep circulation and meteoric water infiltrating along tectonic fractures collectively leached lithium and potassium from the green bean rocks, providing abundant lithium and potassium to the deep brines. This study refines the metallogenic mechanism of lithium- and potassium-rich brines in the Triassic Sichuan Basin and provides guidance for regional brine mineral exploration. Full article

While extensive research has investigated the consequences of humble leadership, its formation remains understudied. Integrating power dependence theory and regulatory focus theory, we propose a model in which supervisor outcome dependence serves as a mediator and supervisor prevention focus works as a moderator in the relationship between supervisor future orientation and subordinates’ perceptions of humble leadership. Our results from a multiwave, multisource field study indicate that supervisor future orientation positively influences humble leadership perceptions through supervisor outcome dependence. Moreover, this indirect effect is stronger among supervisors with high prevention focus. This study concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications for leadership development. Full article

In this paper, we study a generalization of the Graham–Kohr extension operator, ${\mathsf{\Psi }}_{n,\alpha ,\beta }^{\gamma }\left(f\right)$, which maps functions defined on the unit disk into holomorphic mappings in the unit ball ${\mathbb{B}}^n$. Using the theory of Loewner chains, we show that, under suitable conditions, this operator can be embedded as the first element of a Loewner chain while preserving geometric properties. In addition, for suitable choices of the parameters, we establish subordination relations among starlike functions. Full article

q-calculus and fractional calculus combined with geometric function theory lead to remarkable results. The fractional integral introduced by Riemann–Liouville applied to the q-multiplier transformation is used in this research to study the two dual theories of fuzzy differential subordination and fuzzy differential superordination and to develop specific fuzzy results. In the theorems examining fuzzy differential subordinations and fuzzy differential superordinations, fuzzy best dominants and fuzzy best subordinants are also provided. In addition, the demonstrated outcomes reveal corollaries by taking specific functions with established geometric features into consideration as the fuzzy best subordinant and fuzzy best dominant. The work concludes with a fuzzy differential sandwich theorem and related corollaries that combine the findings of this research on fuzzy differential subordinations and superordinations. Full article