Coaching athletes is a complex and lengthy process. Recently, attention has been given to coaches over-controlling behavior toward the athletes’ personal lives and possible sex bias, but the impact of these behaviors on coaching success is uncl...
Sex bias in biomedical and natural science research has been prevalent for decades. In many cases, the female estrous cycle was thought to be too complex an issue to model for, and it was thought to be simpler to only use males in studies. At times,...
The lack of female participation in antipsychotic trials for schizophrenia poses an important issue regarding its applicability, with direct and real-life repercussions to clinical practice. Here, our aim is to systematically review the sampling sex...
In bird eggs, the theoretical expectation of a primary sex ratio (at conception) of 50:50 males/females often fails to materialize. Using PCR technology for sex verification in this pilot study, we evaluated the primary sex ratio of 128 fertilized do...
Background/Objectives: Frailty screening is essential in primary care for the early identification of vulnerable older adults. PRISMA-7 is a widely used screening tool, but Item 2 (“Are you male?”) introduces potential sex bias and overes...
Background/Objectives: Frailty screening facilitates the identification of older adults at risk of adverse health outcomes. The Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy 7 (PRISMA-7) is a widely utilised frailty tool;...
Differentiated thyroid cancers are more frequent in women than in men. These different frequencies may depend on differences in patient’s behavior and in thyroid investigations. However, an impact on sexual hormones is likely, although this has...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of articular cartilage. During OA, all the elements that contribute to the joint undergo physiological and structural changes that impair the joint function and cause joint pain and...
(1) Background: Prioritization of patients for liver transplantation in Germany relies on the MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) scoring system that does not consider the patient’s sex. Many studies have shown that women are disadvantaged...
Fungal infections often disproportionately affect males over females. Since the NIH mandated in 2016 that researchers test their hypotheses in both biological sexes, numerous other fungal infections/colonizations have been found to exhibit sex-specif...
Mental health problems related to chronic stress in workers appear to be sex-specific. Psychosocial factors related to work–life balance partly explain these sex differences. In addition, physiological markers of stress can provide critical inf...
Ambiguous silhouettes representing human individuals which perform unimanual actions are interpreted more often as right-handed. Such a preference might reflect a perceptual frequency effect, due to the fact that most social interactions occur with r...
Figural matrices tests are common in intelligence research and have been used to draw conclusions regarding secular changes in intelligence. However, their measurement properties have seldom been evaluated with large samples that include both sexes....
Body image and mental health outcomes are influenced by both sex and body weight. This study investigated how sex and BMI category (participants classified with healthy weight, overweight, or with obesity) relate to body image, disordered eating, wei...
Sex-biased genes are central to the study of sexual selection, sexual antagonism, and sex chromosome evolution. We describe a comprehensive de novo assembled transcriptome in the common frog Rana temporaria based on five developmental stages and thre...
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is strongly characterized by a male predominance with higher mortality rates and worse responses to treatment in males versus females. Despite the role of sex hormones, other causes that may contribute to sex...
Cancer occurs more frequently in men while autoimmune diseases (AIDs) occur more frequently in women. To explore whether these sex biases have a common basis, we collected 167 AID incidence studies from many countries for tissues that have both a can...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a prevalence rate of 2.78%, and it is characterized by deficits in sociability and communication and restricted patterns of interests and activities. Remarkably, this psychiatric d...
Individual response to drugs is highly variable and largely influenced by genetic variants and gene-expression profiles. In addition, it has been shown that response to drugs is strongly sex-dependent, both in terms of efficacy and toxicity. To expan...
Cryptococcosis, a fungal disease arising from the etiologic agent Cryptococcus neoformans, sickens a quarter of a million people annually, resulting in over 180,000 deaths. Interestingly, males are affected by cryptococcosis more frequently than fema...
Diagnostic error has recently become a crucial clinical problem and an area of intense research. However, the reality of diagnostic errors in regional hospitals remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the reality of diagnostic errors in regional...
Wildlife–aircraft collisions represent a safety and financial challenge, necessitating site-specific hazard assessments, which are generally based on species’ attributes and collision frequencies. However, for many bird species, collision...
Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are commonly prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and muscle relaxation, but concerns remain regarding their potential long-term cognitive effects. Prior reviews have reported inconsistent associations between BZD use...
There is an escalating need to comprehend the long-term impacts of nuclear radiation exposure since the permeation of ionizing radiation has been frequent in our current societal framework. A system evaluation of the microbes that reside inside a hos...
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a tick-borne orbivirus transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Previous animal experimentation studies with orbiviruses, in particular the interferon receptor double knock-out (IFNAR(−/−)) mouse model, did not i...
It was recognized over 30 years ago that the polyfunctional cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) was an almost invariant presence at the host-tumor interface. The IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment was produced either by the cancer cell or by host stromal c...
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication for many patients who develop systemic lupus erythematosus, which primarily afflicts women. Our studies to identify biomarkers and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying LN will provide a better understand...
In order to examine the biased milk production depending on the sex of calves, data on calving and milk yield characteristics of 15,181 Holstein type cows in PK Belgrade, Serbia were analyzed. A total of 30,362 lactations that were realized in the pe...
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which no curative therapies currently exist. Experimental models employing 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) reproduce PD features such as striatal dopam...
Vaccines constitute a strategy to reduce the burden of COVID-19, but the treatment of COVID-19 is still a challenge. The lack of approved drugs for severe COVID-19 makes repurposing or repositioning of approved drugs a relevant approach because it oc...
Diagnostic delay (DD) is associated with poor radiological and quality of life outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The female (F) population is often misdiagnosed, as classification criteria were previously s...
Sexual differentiation is a major developmental process. Sex differences resulting from sexual differentiation have attracted the attention of researchers. Unraveling what contributes to and underlies sex differences will provide valuable insights in...
Sampling fish by trapping can lead to biased conclusions about a population. We used catch data to assess differences between two types of traps for adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), submerged-funnel traps and studded-tile traps, which are angl...
Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) are diagnosed more often in males than in females, by a ratio of about 3:1; this is likely to be due to a difference in risk burden between the sexes and/or to “compensatory skills” in females, that may del...
The Fisher principle states that species should produce offspring at a ratio of 1:1 unless there are sex-specific differences in rearing costs. Research conducted across taxa has found that animals will vary the sex ratio of their offspring so as to...
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune disease of the liver, affecting mostly females. There is evidence that epigenetic changes have a pathogenic role in PBC. Epigenetic modifications are related to methylation of CpG DNA islands, po...
The main drivers of gender mainstreaming in basic and clinical research appear to be funding agencies and scientific journals. Some funding agencies have already recognized the importance of their actions for the global development of ideas in scienc...
Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of translation to real-world pain management. Our aim was to analyse the sex differences in the analgesic response to oxycodone/naloxone (OXN) and tapentadol (TAP), in com...
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by profound differences between females and males in terms of incidence, clinical presentation, and disease progression. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that differences in sensitivity to medical...
The Isthmus of Panama was a crossroads between North and South America during the continent’s first peopling (and subsequent movements) also playing a pivotal role during European colonization and the African slave trade. Previous analyses of u...
Women represent 80% of people affected by autoimmune diseases. Although, many studies have demonstrated a role for sex hormone receptor signaling, particularly estrogens, in the direct regulation of innate and adaptive components of the immune system...
Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression levels during development, shaping how a single genome produces a diversity of phenotypes. Here, we begin to explore the epigenetic regulation of sexual dimorphism in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) by...
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is an important human pathogen that has caused epidemics in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. No licensed treatments for ZIKV disease are currently available. Favipiravir (T-705; 6-fluor...
Background: Biological causes of sex disparity seen in the prevalence of cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM), remain poorly understood. One of the considered aspects is the involvement of the sex chromosomes, especially loss of chromosome Y (LOY). M...
Multiple sclerosis is a complex, multifactorial, dysimmune disease prevalent in women. Its etiopathogenesis is extremely intricate, since each risk factor behaves as a variable that is interconnected with others. In order to understand these interact...
Aicardi Syndrome (AIC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder recognized by the classical triad of agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae and infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. The diagnostic criteria of AIC were revised in 2005 to i...
(1) Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease with well-documented clinical differences between female and male patients. However, this gender gap is very poorly studied at the molecular level. (2) Methods: Expression differences in whole blood t...
PCB 11 is an emerging global pollutant that we recently showed promotes axonal and dendritic growth in primary rat neuronal cell cultures. Here, we address the influence of sex and species on neuronal responses to PCB 11. Neuronal morphology was quan...
Female sex in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is a controversial and paradoxical risk factor for stroke—controversial because it increases the risk of stroke only among older women of some ethnicities and paradoxical because it appears t...
26 January 2022
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the single leading cause of death in Europe and the most common form of cardiovascular disease. Little is known about awareness in the European population. A cross-sectional telephone survey of 2609 individuals from s...
of 10