A 27-year-long calibrated multi-mission scatterometer data set is used to determine the global basin-scale and near-coastal wind resource. In addition to mean and percentile values, the analysis also determines the global values of both 50- and 100-y...
Since launch, the Ku-band rotating fan-beam scatterometer onboard the China–France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) has provided valuable sea surface wind measurements for more than four years. The performance of CFOSAT scatterometer (CSCAT)-der...
Airborne scatterometer capability depends on not only the device’s technical characteristics but also the scheme used for surface observations. Typically, a rotating-beam scatterometer uses a circular scheme for sampling normalized radar cross-...
Satellite microwave scatterometers are the principal source of global synoptic-scale ocean vector wind (OVW) measurements for a number of scientific and operational oceanic wind applications. However, for extreme wind events such as tropical cyclone...
Under low to medium wind speeds and no rainfall, the retrieved vector wind from a scatterometer is accurate and reliable. However, under high wind conditions, the currently used geophysical model function (GMF), such as NSCAT-2, for wind vector retri...
Observations of sea surface wind field are critical for typhoon prediction. The scatterometer observation is one of the most important sources of sea surface winds, which provides both wind speed and wind direction information. However, the spatial r...
Wind measurement using spaceborne scatterometers has been used for various scientific and operational purposes. However, the major problem of such measurements is contamination by rain. To improve the wind measurement using the HY-2A scatterometer un...
The Chinese new marine dynamic environment satellite HY-2D was launched on 19 May 2021, carrying a Ku-band scatterometer (named HSCAT-D). In this study, wind products observed by the HSCAT-D were validated by comparing with wind data from the U.S. Na...
The estimation of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity using Ku-band scatterometer data is challenging due to rain perturbation and signal saturation in the radar backscatter measurements. In this paper, an alternative approach to directly taking the maxi...
More than twelve satellite scatterometers have operated since 1992 through the present, providing the main source of surface wind vector observations over global oceans. In this study, these scatterometer winds are used in combination with radiometer...
The present analysis utilized the 6-hourly data of wind speed (zonal and meridional) for the period between 2011 and 2019, as retrieved from the Copernicus Marine Environmental Service (CMEMS), covering the Thracian Sea (the northern part of the Aege...
In this paper, we present a method for retrieving sea surface wind field (SSWF) from HaiYang-2B (HY-2B) scatterometer data. In contrast to the conventional algorithm, i.e., using a point-to-point (P2P) method based on geophysical model functions (GMF...
This study presents an objective scheme to construct hurricane bogus vortices based on satellite microwave scatterometer observations of sea surface wind vectors. When specifying a bogus vortex using Fujita’s formula, the required parameters in...
The first Chinese operational Ku-band scatterometer on board Haiyang-2A (HY-2A), launched in August 2011, is designed for monitoring the global ocean surface wind. This study estimates the quality of the near-real-time (NRT) retrieval wind speed and...
This study focuses on the evaluation of global Haiyang-2A satellite scatterometer (HSCAT) operational wind products from 2012 to 2018. In order to evaluate HSCAT winds, HSCAT operational wind products were collocated with buoy measurements and rainfa...
Currently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used due to their low cost and flexibility. In particular, they are used in remote sensing as airborne platforms for various instruments. Here, we investigate the capability of a conical scanning...
The optimization of normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) sampling by a scatterometer allows an increase in the accuracy of the wind retrieval over the water surface and a decrease in the time of the measurement. Here, we investigate the possibility...
FY-3E WindRAD (Fengyun-3E Wind Radar) is a dual-frequency rotating fan-beam scatterometer. Its data characteristics, NOC (NWP Ocean Calibration), and wind retrieval performance are investigated in this paper. The diversity of the radar view geometry...
This paper designed a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based super-resolution framework for scatterometer ocean surface wind speed (OSWS) mapping. An improved GAN, WSGAN, was well-trained to generate high-resolution OSWS (~1/64 km) from low-resol...
Hawaii regional climate model (HRCM), QuikSCAT, and ASCAT wind estimates are compared in the lee of Hawaii’s Big Island with the goal of understanding ultrahigh resolution (UHR) scatterometer wind retrieval capabilities in this area, which incl...
The offshore wind industry has seen unprecedented growth over the last few years. In line with this growth, there has been a push towards more exposed sites, farther from shore, in deeper water with consequent increased investor risk. There is theref...
The operational wind processor for the Ku-band scatterometers onboard HY-2 satellite series uses a quality control (QC) scheme based on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Since it is difficult to discriminate rain contamination from “true&...
Rain backscatter corrupts Ku-band scatterometer wind retrieval by mixing with the signatures of the σ∘ (backscatter measurements) on the sea surface. The measurements are sensitive to rain clouds due to the short wavelength, and the rain-...
Scatterometers provide very stable ocean vector wind data records. This is because they measure the ratio of backscattered to incident microwave signal over the ocean surface as opposed to an absolute quantity (e.g., emitted microwave signal). They p...
The launch of the Haiyang-2 (HY-2) satellite constellation fosters the quick acquisition of global sea surface vector winds from the perspective of remote sensing. This study intends to develop a six-hourly mesoscale analysis of sea surface winds bas...
The China-France Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT), launched on 29 October 2018, is a joint mission developed by China and France. To evaluate the CFOSAT wind product, L2B swath data with a spatial resolution of 25 × 25 km were compared with in situ me...
Due to the lower efficiency and the larger wind direction error of traditional algorithms, a novel integrated wind retrieval algorithm is proposed for conically scanning scatterometers. The proposed algorithm has the dual advantages of less computati...
Offshore of many coastal regions, the ocean surface wind varies in speed and direction throughout the day, owing to forcing from land/sea temperature differences and orographic effects. Far offshore, both diurnal and semidiurnal wind vector variabili...
Haiyang-2 scatterometers (HY-2A/B/C/D) have limitations in high wind speed retrieval due to the complexity of the remote sensing mechanism and the influence of rainfall on the radar cross section under the conditions of tropical cyclones. In this stu...
Outflow boundaries induced by cold-pools are a key characteristic of convective systems related to microphysical and kinematic processes during the mature stage of their lifecycle. Over the ocean, such kinematic processes are associated with low-leve...
Extension of the existing airborne radars’ applicability is a perspective approach to the remote sensing of the environment. Here we investigate the capability of the rotating-beam radar installed over the fuselage for the sea surface wind meas...
The accuracy of wind speed measurements is important in many applications. In the present work, error standard deviations of wind speed measured by satellites and National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys were estimated using triple collocation. The sat...
Following the mission science plan of EPS/Metop-SG C-band scatterometer for 2023–2044, we consider the potential application of the sea ice/water discrimination method based on the minimum statistical distance of the measured normalized radar c...
The Chinese HY-2D satellite was launched on 19 May 2021, carrying a Ku-band scatterometer. Together with the operating scatterometers onboard the HY-2B and HY-2C satellites, the HY-2 series scatterometer constellation was built, constituting differen...
The long-term stability and sustainability of offshore wind energy resources are very important for wind energy exploration. In this study, the Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Function (CSEOF) method, which can determine the time varying spatial...
Ocean surface wind and current are essential ocean dynamic environment and climate variables, and simultaneous observations at high resolution have attracted considerable interest. The study on surface wind and current will improve our knowledge of e...
In the Adriatic Sea, the sea surface wind forecasts are often underestimated, with detrimental effects on the accuracy of sea level and storm surge predictions. Among the various causes, this mainly depends on the meteorological forcing of the wind....
Satellite-based observations of sea wind are useful for forecasting marine weather and performing marine disaster management. Meteorological Operational Satellite-B (MetOp-B) is one of the satellites that provide wind products through a scatterometer...
The International Space Station scatterometer (named ISS-RapidScat) was launched by NASA on 20 September 2014 as a continuation of the QuikSCAT climate data record to maintain the availability of Ku-band scatterometer data after the QuikSCAT missions...
Ocean surface wind vector (OWV) is a key variable for ocean remote sensing and tropical cyclone (TC) monitoring. This study presents the first comprehensive intercomparison of Ku-band OWV products from FY-3E/WindRAD and HY-2B/SCA scatterometers using...
This study examines the effect of surface currents on the bulk algorithm calculation ofwind stress estimated using the scatterometer data during 2007–2020 in the Indian Ocean. In the study region as a whole, the wind stress decreased by 5.4% by...
We suggest a conceptual approach to the measurement of the near-surface wind vector over water using a Doppler navigation system, in addition to its standard navigation capabilities. We consider a Doppler navigation system with a track-stabilized ant...
We propose a concept of the utilization of an aircraft Doppler Navigation System (DNS) as a sea-surface wind sensor complementary to its normal functionality. The DNS with an antenna, which is non-stabilized physically to the local horizontal with x-...
Over the past decade, several studies based on coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations have shown that the oceanic surface current feedback to the atmosphere (CFB) leads to a slow-down of the mean oceanic circulation and, overall, to the so-called...
We suggest a conceptual approach for measuring the near-surface wind vector over water using the airborne weather radar, in addition to its standard meteorological and navigation applications. The airborne weather radar operates in the ground-mapping...
Physical understanding and modeling of Ka-band ocean surface backscatter is challenging due to a lack of measurements. In the framework of the NASA Earth Ventures Suborbital-3 Submesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) mission, a Ka-Band Ocean c...
A new ASCAT coastal wind product based on a 12.5 km grid size is presented. The new product contains winds up to the coast line and is identical to the current operational coastal product over the open ocean. It is based on the assumption that within...
Air–sea fluxes are greatly enhanced by the winds and vertical exchanges generated by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). In contrast to global numerical weather prediction models, space-borne scatterometers are able to resolve the small-scale...
This manuscript presents a self-interferometric phase analysis technique for sea surface observation using a single scatterometer system. The self-interferometric phase is proposed to complement the imprecise analysis results due to the very meager s...
Dedicated to synchronously acquiring large-area, high-precision, and multi-scale ocean wind and wave information, a novel concept of a spaceborne ocean microwave dual-function integrated sensor is proposed in this paper. It integrates the functions o...
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