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Recent Developments in Offshore Renewable Energies: Wind, Wave, Tidal, and Ocean Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2026 | Viewed by 3396

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dimitri V. Val

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Institute of Sustainable Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
Interests: structural safety and reliability; reliability of marine energy converters; renewable energy from wind, tides, waves and ocean currents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daniil Yurchenko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Interests: nonlinear and stochastic dynamics; renewable energy and energy harvesting; vibration mitigation and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oceans are one of the main sources of renewable energy and a place for its harvesting. The sources include waves, tides, and ocean currents. In addition, many wind farms have been installed offshore, and currently, offshore wind is the fastest-growing source of renewable energy. In particular, its growth has been further accelerated by introducing floating wind turbines, which can be installed in deeper waters, where fixed foundations are not feasible. Extraction of tidal energy lags far behind offshore wind. However, several tidal stream turbines producing electricity on a commercial scale have been recently installed. Harvesting wave energy with the help of wave energy converters is still mainly at a pre-commercial stage but develops fast. Another recent advancement is the idea of floating energy islands, which integrate offshore wind turbines with other renewable energy technologies (e.g., wave, solar, etc.) and energy storage solutions. One of the main challenges of harvesting renewable energy offshore is the high cost of maintenance and repair of its assets. Hence, reliability, availability, and efficient maintenance of renewable energy assets are especially important.

This Special Issues aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the design, installation, operation, maintenance, reliability, and availability of offshore renewable energy assets.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Innovative design solutions for tidal and wave energy converters, offshore wind turbines, and floating solar platforms;
  • Concepts of integrated floating renewable energy systems, e.g., floating energy islands;
  • Novel installation techniques for offshore renewable energy systems;
  • Advances in structural health monitoring of offshore renewable energy assets;
  • Maintenance strategies for offshore renewable energy assets;
  • Reliability of offshore renewable energy systems and assets;
  • Availability optimization of offshore renewable energy assets;
  • Integration of digital technologies, AI, and IoT in offshore energy operation and maintenance.

Prof. Dr. Dimitri V. Val
Dr. Daniil Yurchenko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • offshore wind turbines
  • wave energy converters
  • tidal energy converters
  • floating solar energy
  • integrated offshore renewable energy systems
  • installation
  • operation and maintenance
  • reliability
  • availability
  • digital technologies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7495 KB  
Article
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on South China Sea Wind Energy Resources Under CMIP6 Future Climate Projections
by Yue Zhuo and Bo Hong
Energies 2025, 18(20), 5370; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18205370 - 12 Oct 2025
Viewed by 278
Abstract
Wind is an important renewable energy source, and even minor variations in wind speed will significantly impact wind power generation. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the impacts of climate change on wind energy resources in the South China Sea [...] Read more.
Wind is an important renewable energy source, and even minor variations in wind speed will significantly impact wind power generation. The objective of this study was to systematically assess the impacts of climate change on wind energy resources in the South China Sea (SCS) under future climate projections. To achieve this, we employed a multi-model ensemble approach based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). The results demonstrated that, in comparison with scatterometer wind data, the CMIP6 historical results (1995–2014) showed good performance in capturing the spatiotemporal distribution of wind power density (WPD) in the SCS. There were regional discrepancies in the central SCS due to the complex monsoon-driven wind dynamics. Future projections revealed an overall increase in annual mean wind power density (WPD) across the entire SCS by the mid-21st century (2046–2065) and late 21st century (2080–2099). The seasonal analyses indicated significant WPD increases in summer, especially in the northern SCS and the region adjacent to the Kalimantan strait. The increase in summer (>40 × 10−4 m/s/year under SSP5-8.5) is about triple that in winter. In the late 21st century, an increase in WPD exceeding 10% can be generally anticipated under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios in all seasons. The extreme wind in the northern and central SCS will further increase by 5% under the three scenarios, which will add an extra extreme load to wind turbines and related marine facilities. These assessments are essential for wind farm planning and long-term energy production evaluations in the SCS. Based on the findings in this study, specific areas of concern can be targeted to conduct localized downscaling analyses and risk assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Offshore Renewable Energies: Wind, Wave, Tidal, and Ocean Energy)
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29 pages, 3822 KB  
Article
A Fuzzy Logic Technique for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Power Plants
by Pamela Flores and Edgar Mendoza
Energies 2025, 18(2), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020272 - 9 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
The application of fuzzy logic to environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides a robust method to address uncertainties and subjectivities inherent in evaluating complex environmental systems. This is particularly relevant in ocean renewable energy projects, where predicting environmental impacts is challenging due to the [...] Read more.
The application of fuzzy logic to environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides a robust method to address uncertainties and subjectivities inherent in evaluating complex environmental systems. This is particularly relevant in ocean renewable energy projects, where predicting environmental impacts is challenging due to the dynamic nature of marine environments. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify the types of impacts currently being investigated, assessed, and monitored in existing marine energy conversion projects. Based on these foundations, we developed both traditional and fuzzy mythologies for EIA. The fuzzy logic methodology approach allows for the incorporation of uncertainties into the assessment process, converting qualitative assessments into quantifiable data and linguistic levels and enhancing decision-making accuracy. We tested this fuzzy methodology across four types of ocean energy devices: floating, submerged, fixed to the ocean floor, and onshore. Finally, we applied the methodology to the EIA of a marine energy project in the Cozumel Channel, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The results demonstrate that fuzzy logic provides a more flexible and reliable evaluation of environmental impacts, contributing to more effective environmental management and sustainable development in marine renewable energy contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Offshore Renewable Energies: Wind, Wave, Tidal, and Ocean Energy)
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17 pages, 1703 KB  
Article
Refined Assessment Method of Offshore Wind Resources Based on Interpolation Method
by Wenchuan Meng, Zaimin Yang, Zhi Rao, Shuang Li, Xin Lin, Jingkang Peng, Yuwei Cao and Yingquan Chen
Energies 2025, 18(1), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010213 - 6 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1005
Abstract
To enhance the prediction accuracy of offshore wind speed, this study employs an interpolation algorithm to improve spatial resolution based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The objective is to identify the optimal interpolation method and apply it to wind energy assessments in the [...] Read more.
To enhance the prediction accuracy of offshore wind speed, this study employs an interpolation algorithm to improve spatial resolution based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The objective is to identify the optimal interpolation method and apply it to wind energy assessments in the South China Sea. This paper compares the interpolation effects and accuracy of Linear, Cubic, and Bicubic interpolation methods on wind speed data, with the optimal method subsequently applied to evaluate wind resources in the South China Sea for 2023. The findings indicate that, while different interpolation methods minimally affect the correlation of wind speed data, there are notable differences in their impact on overall accuracy. The Cubic interpolation method proved to be the most effective, tripling spatial resolution and reducing wind speed errors in ERA5 data by 26%. Using this method, wind resource assessments were conducted in selected areas of the South China Sea. Results reveal that the annual available operational hours for wind turbines in most parts of the region range from 2000 to 4000 h, with fluctuations in turbine output power increasing alongside available operational hours. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Offshore Renewable Energies: Wind, Wave, Tidal, and Ocean Energy)
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