Search Results (44)

Background/Objectives: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a relapsing-remitting condition predominantly managed in primary care, where carbamazepine remains the sole recommended first-line therapy. Prior meta-analyses report end-of-treatment pain reductions with acupuncture but have not stratified results by risk of bias, audited pain outcome reporting quality, or examined whether analgesic effects persist beyond the treatment period. This updated systematic review addressed these gaps. Methods: Seven databases were searched from inception to February 2026 for randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture against non-acupuncture controls in adults with TN (PROSPERO: CRD420251271469). End-of-treatment VAS, follow-up VAS, attack frequency, recurrence rate, and adverse events were analyzed using random-effects models with Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman adjustment. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2. Recall period specification was audited for all pain outcomes. Results: Twenty-three trials (1774 participants) were included, all from China, with one sham-controlled comparator. Fewer than 15% of VAS outcomes specified a recall period. End-of-treatment pain intensity favored acupuncture (MD = −1.49; 95% CI −1.81 to −1.16; I² = 93.1%), but the prediction interval crossed zero and significance was confined to high-risk studies (k = 16; p < 0.001). At three-month follow-up, the pooled estimate was comparable in magnitude (k = 3; MD = −1.50; I² = 47.0%) but was not robust to single-study removal. Recurrence rate favored acupuncture in both reporting studies. Acupuncture was associated with fewer adverse events than carbamazepine (RR = 0.31; I² = 0%). Conclusions: End-of-treatment estimates are compromised by risk-of-bias dependence and pervasive recall period omission. Follow-up data showed a directionally consistent but statistically fragile signal of analgesic persistence. Sham-controlled trials with prospective pain diaries and follow-up as a co-primary endpoint are needed. Full article

Background: The management of diabetic foot disease and knee osteoarthritis (OA) with smart orthotics holds significant importance during the early stages of these conditions, given their potential consequences, including functional impairment, chronic pain, and economic burden. Real-time monitoring of plantar foot pressure enables early detection of abnormal force distribution and gait biomechanics, allowing for the redirection of forces away from affected ulcers or arthritic joints. This is the first systematic review to synthesise clinical evidence for smart orthotics technology with real-time plantar pressure sensor biofeedback across both diabetic foot ulcer prevention and knee osteoarthritis management simultaneously. A search of the PROSPERO register confirmed no existing registration covers this specific combination. Objectives: To examine the clinical evidence for the use of standard and smart orthotics in the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and knee OA, and to evaluate their impact on plantar pressure redistribution, ulcer recurrence, pain, biomechanics, and economic burden. Eligibility criteria: Studies published in English involving human adult participants (≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (at risk of DFU or with peripheral neuropathy) or knee OA, where the intervention involved any orthotic device or smart/intelligent insole with clinical outcomes reported, were included. Studies on healthy individuals only, those not reporting participant age, and non-weight-bearing protocols not differentiated from weight-bearing were excluded. Information sources: Five databases were searched: CINAHL (EBSCO Information Services, Ipswich, MA, USA), PubMed Advanced (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Wiley Online Library (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA), Cochrane Library (Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK), and Google Scholar (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA). Searches were completed in May 2026. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review. This review was structured and reported with reference to the PRISMA 2020 statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada) to guide transparency of reporting. It does not constitute a full Cochrane-style systematic review; risk of bias assessment was applied to key included studies and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada) certainty ratings were applied informally and narratively rather than as formal per-outcome evidence profiles. Five databases were searched yielding 92,637 records. After removal of 398 duplicates by Rayyan, 92,239 records remained. A subsequent automated keyword-based relevance filter applied within Rayyan (Rayyan AI, Doha, Qatar), prior to human screening, excluded 84,572 records that did not contain any terms related to orthotics, diabetic foot, or knee osteoarthritis, yielding 7667 records for human title/abstract screening. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted owing to the heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures across included studies, which precluded meta-analysis. This review was not prospectively registered. A complete list of all 78 included studies, including those not individually discussed in the results and discussion. Results: The available clinical studies report promising findings for orthotics and smart orthotics in pain reduction, ulcer prevention, and potential reduction in economic burden, though conclusions are limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity, and predominantly open-label designs. Recent research found that orthotics can be used to alter the gait pattern that influences knee OA by reducing excessive force on the affected joint. A randomised controlled trial demonstrated an 80% relative risk reduction in DFU recurrence (RR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.06–0.79; p = 0.022), with absolute event rates of 6.3% in the intervention group versus 30.8% in controls (ARR = 24.5%); a second trial reported a 71% reduction in ulcer incidence over 18 months; and a third randomised controlled trial demonstrated statistically significant plantar pressure reduction (p < 0.01) in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that orthotics may be associated with improved pressure redistribution, reduced ulcer incidence, and benefit in the management of knee OA. Although the number of studies directly comparing smart orthotics with standard orthotics remains limited, the limited comparative studies suggested that smart orthotics showed promising results in reducing ulcer incidence, providing the patient with real-time feedback to offload via their electronic devices. These findings, while preliminary, highlight the potential of smart orthotic technology as an adjunct to standard orthotic care in reducing the overall burden of diabetic foot disease and knee osteoarthritis. Limitations: The primary methodological limitation of this review is the open-label design of all included smart orthotic trials, which precludes participant blinding and introduces performance bias. However, this limitation is structural and inherent to the wearable technology field—analogous to surgical trials—and is substantially mitigated by the use of objective primary outcome measures (plantar pressure and ulcer recurrence) across the three included RCTs, the consistency of effect direction across independent RCTs conducted in different countries, and a narrative sensitivity analysis confirming robustness of findings (Risk of Bias Across Studies Section). Formal per-outcome GRADE evidence profiles were not produced; overall certainty of evidence was assessed narratively with reference to GRADE domains and is judged to be low to moderate for smart orthotics in DFU prevention and low for knee OA management, consistent with the Level 2–3 evidence base and open-label study designs. Future adequately powered, multi-site RCTs with standardised outcome reporting, minimum 24-month follow-up, and integrated health economic modelling are the highest priority to extend these preliminary findings. Registration: This review was not prospectively registered. Full article

Respiration rate (RR) is a key physiological indicator of health, stress, and thermoregulatory load in dairy cattle, yet continuous RR monitoring under commercial farm conditions remains challenging. In this Technical Note, we present a non-invasive clip-on nose ring device for continuous respiration monitoring based on acoustic recording directly at the nostril. The device integrates a MEMS microphone, embedded electronics, battery, and removable storage in a sealed, mechanically robust housing suitable for real-world barn environments. The system was deployed on five dairy cows under commercial farm conditions, enabling repeated multi-day recordings over several weeks. The respiration rate was extracted offline from raw audio using a deterministic signal-processing pipeline based on multiscale periodicity detection. Algorithm-derived RR estimates were evaluated against manually annotated breath events. Using 10-min rolling median values, the algorithm achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.47 breaths per minute (bpm), a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.92 bpm, and a high correlation with reference values (r = 0.98, R² = 0.96). In addition to short-term accuracy, the system enabled stable multi-day monitoring. Group-level analysis across all five animals revealed a clear diurnal respiration pattern over multiple consecutive days, with lower RR during nighttime and higher RR during daytime summer conditions, without signs of a baseline drift. These results demonstrate the feasibility of continuous, long-term respiration monitoring in dairy cattle using an audio-based clip-on nose ring device and provide a practical foundation for longitudinal (multi-day, within-animal) RR assessment under commercial farm conditions, with potential for future extensions towards advanced respiratory health monitoring. While the system demonstrated stable performance under summer farm conditions, validation under extreme heat-stress environments and larger animal cohorts is required for comprehensive population-level assessment. Full article

(1) Background: Hudson first described the procedure that includes en-block removal of an ovarian tumor fixed in the pelvis with the whole pelvic peritoneum and invaded surrounding structures. However, sometimes pelvic peritonectomy (PP) with or without shaving of the bowel serosa is not enough to achieve complete cytoreduction, and en-block rectosigmoid resection (RR) is necessary. This study aims to investigate the impact of bowel surgery on survival rates and morbidity of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced ovarian cancer with cul-de-sac involvement that underwent debulking surgery at the 1st Department of Obstetrics—Gynecology of “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, from 2017–2022. The primary outcomes were the survival rates and morbidity between PP and RR. (3) Results: A total of 93 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group A (34 patients) with RR and Group B (59 patients) with PP. There was no statistically significant difference in the majority of patients’ characteristics and oncological outcomes. On the other hand, patients with RR had a significantly higher surgical complexity score (SCS), peritoneal cancer index (PCI), ICU admission, rate of postoperative complications, longer surgery duration and hospital stay. When comparing the duration of surgery, the RR group has significantly higher operation time during primary compared to interval debulking surgery. Concerning survival rates, there was no significant difference in progression-free (PFS) (p = 0.22) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.85) between the two groups, while residual disease and postoperative complications were identified as independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS; (4) Conclusions: The modified Hudson procedure with RR is a safe and reproductible technique, but when complete gross resection can be achieved with PP, this technique is preferred in order to avoid increased patient’s morbidity. Full article

Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUT), particularly indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (pCS), are poorly removed by conventional haemodialysis because of their strong albumin binding. These toxins are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in haemodialysis patients. Displacer molecules such as ibuprofen enhance PBUT clearance by competing for albumin-binding sites, but the optimal dose and route of administration remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different ibuprofen doses, infusion durations, and routes of administration on the removal of IS and pCS during on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF). In this prospective, single-centre, crossover study, 21 chronic haemodialysis patients receiving intradialytic analgesia underwent nine OL-HDF sessions. Ibuprofen was administered at two doses (400 or 800 mg) either in the arterial pre-filter line (infusion over 1 h, 2 h, or 3 h) or in the venous post-filter line (30 min). Reduction ratios (RR) of total IS and pCS were determined by LC-MS and corrected for haemoconcentration. Statistical analysis included repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc testing. Baseline RR for IS and pCS were 53.7 ± 9.9% and 47.1 ± 10.9%, respectively. The highest RR was achieved with 800 mg ibuprofen infused via the arterial line over 2 h (IS: 60.8 ± 8.6%; pCS: 57.8 ± 9.7%). All arterial-line 800 mg regimens and the 3-h 400 mg infusion significantly improved pCS clearance versus baseline; IS clearance improved significantly only with arterial-line 800 mg regimens and with the 400 mg 3-h infusion. Infusion rate (1–3 h) had no significant effect on RR within the same dose group. Pain scores decreased significantly after dialysis regardless of ibuprofen regimen. Arterial-line administration of ibuprofen enhances total IS and pCS removal during OL-HDF, with higher doses yielding greater clearance. Prolonged low-dose infusion appears similarly effective for pCS and may reduce systemic exposure, potentially lowering toxicity risk. These findings support the arterial line as the preferred route for displacer administration in clinical practice. Full article

At-rest PPG signals have been explored for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF), yet current signal-processing techniques do not achieve perfect accuracy even under low-motion artifact (MA) conditions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a single-degree-of-freedom time–frequency (SDOF-TF) method in analyzing at-rest PPG signals for AF detection. The method leverages the influence of MA on the instant parameters of each harmonic, which is identified using an SDOF model in which the tissue–contact–sensor (TCS) stack is treated as an SDOF system. In this model, MA induces baseline drift and time-varying system parameters. The SDOF-TF method enables the quantification and removal of MA and noise, allowing for the accurate extraction of the arterial pulse waveform, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiration rate (RR), and respiration modulation (RM). Using data from the MIMIC PERform AF dataset, the method achieved 100% accuracy in distinguishing AF from non-AF cases based on three features: (1) RM, (2) HRV derived from instant frequency and instant initial phase, and (3) standard deviation of HR across harmonics. Compared with non-AF, the RM for each harmonic was increased by AF. RM exhibited an increasing trend with harmonic order in non-AF subjects, whereas this trend was diminished in AF subjects. Full article

Urban wastewater is composed of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, organic matter, heavy metals, pathogens, and micropollutants. If untreated, these contribute to eutrophication and environmental degradation. Microalgae-based bioremediation offers a sustainable solution, showing promise for pollutant removal and high-value bioproduct generation. This study evaluates the efficacy of Galdieria sulphuraria ACUF 427 in treating urban wastewater, with a focus on nutrient removal and phycocyanin production at different optical densities (OD 2, OD 4, and OD 6). Nutrient removal rates (RRs) were analysed for ammonium nitrogen (N-NH₄⁺), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH₃), phosphate phosphorus (P-PO₄³⁻), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The RR for N-NH₄⁺ increased with optical density, reaching 7.49 mg/L/d at an optical density of 6. Similar trends were observed for N-NH₃ and P-PO₄³⁻, with peak removal at OD 6. COD removal remained high across all ODs, though differences between OD 4 and OD 6 were not statistically significant. Significant variations (p < 0.05) in nutrient removal were noted across the ODs, except for COD between OD 4 and OD 6. Biomass growth and phycocyanin production were significantly higher in the wastewater compared to the control (Allen Medium), with the most effective performance observed at an optical density (OD) of 6. Maximum growth rates were 0.241 g/L/d at OD 6, 0.178 g/L/d at OD 4, and 0.120 g/L/d at OD 2. These results highlight the potential of G. sulphuraria as an agent for wastewater bioremediation and the production of high-value compounds, particularly at elevated cell densities, where we achieved superior nutrient removal and biomass production. Full article

Background/Objectives: Tissue expander (TE)-based breast reconstruction is a common procedure, but postoperative infection rates can reach up to 30%. The optimal skin antiseptic solution for minimizing these infections remains uncertain. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the impact of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine for skin antisepsis in preventing surgical site infections in patients who underwent TE-based breast reconstruction. Methods: The TriNetX database was queried to identify patients who underwent TE-based breast reconstruction. Patients were classified into two cohorts: the chlorhexidine group and the povidone-iodine group. A propensity score matching analysis was performed to control infection risk factors. The primary outcome was the occurrence of surgical site infections, while secondary outcomes included wound dehiscence, emergency department visits, debridement, and TE removal. All outcomes were assessed at 30, 60, and 90 days following surgery. Results: After matching of both the chlorhexidine cohort and povidone-iodine cohort, each consisted of 1446 patients. Within 30 days post-surgery, no significant differences were observed between the chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine groups in terms of the risk of surgical site infections (RR 0.62, p = 0.168), wound dehiscence (RR 1.00, p = 1.000), emergency department visits (RR 0.95, p = 0.700), debridement (RR 0.71, p = 0.271), or TE removal (RR 0.84, p = 0.335). Similar results were seen at 60 and 90 days post-surgery. Conclusions: This study suggests that chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine may be equally effective for skin antisepsis in preventing surgical site infections and associated complications in patients undergoing TE-based breast reconstruction. Full article

Ultra-wide-band (UWB) radar technology is a contactless signal detection technology. The UWB technology can be used for the clinical medical monitoring of the human heartbeat and respiration. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to estimate heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) depending on the received UWB radar signal. The proposed algorithm initially applies Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to remove noise from the received UWB radar signal, and then applies Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to effectively separate the respiratory and heartbeat components. To address the issue of heartbeat components being susceptible to harmonic and inter-modulation components interference, a double fuzzy logic estimation is implemented to achieve robust real-time extraction of heart rate. In this paper, extensive experiments are conducted at various distances and angles. The experimental results of the SSA-VMD-Double-Fuzzy-Logic (SVDF) method have been compared with other methods, demonstrating its effectiveness and the advantages of the SVDF proposed in this paper. Full article

Background/Objective: Larval therapy (LT), an intervention using live fly larvae to remove necrotic tissue and promote healing, has regained attention in order to address the growing need for chronic wound management. LT was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 to treat difficult-to-heal wounds; however, LT remains an underutilized therapy. To evaluate efficacy of LT in a systematic review and meta-analysis of wound outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a literature search across five databases for published and unpublished RCTs comparing LT to conventional therapy. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate LT’s effect on debridement as the primary outcome. Wound healing, bioburden, and treatment-related pain were analyzed as secondary outcomes. Bias was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. Results: Eight RCTs were included in the review. The meta-analysis suggested that LT may be more effective for complete wound debridement (RR = 2.17), though this result was not significant (p = 0.09). The analysis is limited by the small number of studies and the high heterogeneity between studies (I² = 75%). There were no significant differences in the healing rate, antimicrobial effects, or pain compared to conventional therapy. There is a moderate risk for bias in the selection of reported outcomes. Conclusions: LT is as effective as conventional therapy for debridement and may be an alternative for patients who cannot tolerate traditional methods. LT patients may experience similar levels of pain, but LT does not worsen wound healing or infection compared to those receiving routine care. Full article

The chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP) is essential for achieving the desired surface quality and planarity required for subsequent layers and processing steps. However, the aggregation of slurry particles caused by abrasive materials can lead to scratches, defects, increased surface roughness, degradation the quality and durability of the finished surface after milling processes during the CMP process. In this study, ceria slurry was prepared using polymer dispersant with zinc salt of ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer at different contents of 5, 6, and 7 wt% (denoted as D5, D6, and D7) to minimize particle aggregation commonly observed in CMP slurries. Among them, the D7 sample exhibited smaller particle sizes compared to commercial ceria slurry, which was attributed to the influence of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) of the polyacrylic acid polymer coating the ceria particles. It is believed that the polymer dispersant more effectively adsorbs onto the particle surfaces, increasing electrostatic repulsion between particles and thereby reducing particle size. Furthermore, the stability of the prepared slurry was evaluated under extreme conditions over three months at 25 °C (both open and closed conditions), 4 °C, and 60 °C. The D7 slurry remained stable with no significant changes observed. In addition, the prepared D7 ceria slurry exhibited a slightly higher removal rate (RR) and better uniformity, which can be attributed to the smaller particle sizes of the ceria nanoparticles compared to those in the commercial slurry. This suggests that the colloidal stability of the D7 ceria slurry is superior to that of the commercial ceria slurry. Full article

Background/Objectives: Prematurity is a leading cause of infant mortality and mechanical ventilation increases respiratory complication risk. The effects of secretion removal techniques in premature infants remain a topic of ongoing debate. The aim of the study is to compare two secretion removal techniques in premature infants on mechanical ventilation; Methods: The participants were randomized into conventional chest physiotherapy (CPT; n = 22) or expiratory flow increase technique (EFIT; n = 21) groups. Each participant completed four sessions on consecutive days with a minimum of one and a maximum of two sessions per day. We assessed peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart (HR) and respiratory rates (RR), tidal volume (VT), and pain levels at specific time points: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, 5 min after the intervention, and 10 min after the intervention. The partial Eta squared (ŋ_p²) was reported to measure the effect size; Results: HR and RR increased post-intervention in both groups (p < 0.001; HR ŋ_p² = 0.51; RR ŋ_p² = 0.38); post hoc comparisons showed EFIT group decreased RR from the first to last session (p = 0.045). Both groups exhibited increased VT and SpO₂ in all sessions (p < 0.001; VT ŋ_p² = 0.40; SpO₂ ŋ_p² = 0.50). The EFIT group had higher SpO₂ values (p = 0.013; ŋ_p² = 0.15) and lower pain scores (p < 0.001; ŋ_p² = 0.46) post-intervention compared to CPT; Conclusions: CPT and EFIT resulted in similar effects on short-term respiratory parameters and heart rate; however, EFIT had advantages, including lower RR, higher SpO₂, and reduced pain, suggesting it may be a more effective, comfortable neonatal respiratory treatment. Full article

Given the potential risks of unknown and emerging infectious respiratory diseases, prioritizing an appropriate ventilation strategy is crucial for controlling aerosol droplet dispersion and mitigating cross-infection in hospital wards during post-epidemic periods. This study optimizes the layout of supply diffusers and exhaust outlets in a typical two-bed ward, employing a downward-supply and bottom-exhaust airflow pattern. Beyond ventilation, implementing strict infection control protocols is crucial, including regular disinfection of high-touch surfaces. CO₂ serves as a surrogate for exhaled gaseous pollutants, and a species transport model is utilized to investigate the airflow field under various configurations of vents. Comparisons of CO₂ concentrations at the respiratory planes of patients, accompanying staff (AS), and healthcare workers (HCWs) across nine cases are reported. A discrete phase model (DPM) is employed to simulate the spatial-temporal dispersion characteristics of four different particle sizes (3 μm, 12 μm, 20 μm, and 45 μm) exhaled by the infected patient (Patient 1) over 300 s. Ventilation effectiveness is evaluated using indicators like contaminant removal efficiency (CRE), suspension rate (SR), deposition rate (DER), and removal rate (RR) of aerosol droplets. The results indicate that Case 9 exhibits the highest CRE across all respiratory planes, indicating the most effective removal of gaseous pollutants. Case 2 shows the highest RR at 50.3%, followed by Case 1 with 40.4%. However, in Case 2, a significant portion of aerosol droplets diffuse towards Patient 2, potentially increasing the cross-infection risk. Balancing patient safety with pollutant removal efficacy, Case 1 performs best in the removal of aerosol droplets. The findings offer novel insights for the practical implementation of ventilation strategies in hospital wards, ensuring personnel health and safety during the post-epidemic period. Full article

Flow cells featuring a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) have emerged as an attractive platform for electrochemical CO₂ reduction, offering high current densities (~300 mA·cm⁻²) and low energy consumption. However, the formation of salt precipitates, particularly carbonate and bicarbonate, poses a significant deficiency by reducing the cell’s operational longevity. In this study, we present a novel approach to mitigate salt precipitates in real-time through acid–base interaction. Recovery efficiency and partial current density of the cell were used to evaluate the capability of removing salt precipitates and the maintenance of CO₂ reduction reactions (CO₂RRs). It was suggested that the direct treatment of intermittent acid rinse recovers the performance of CO₂RRs to a large extent (>97%), and the modification of the proton exchange resin reduces the reduction rate of partial current densities to 1/15 than that of the unmodified. This improvement enhances the cell’s catalytic performance, enabling the stability test for catalysts within the GDE-based flow cell. Full article

Nanofibre-based membranes have shown great potential for removing textile wastewater due to their high porosity and surface area. However, nanofibre membranes exhibit lower dye removal efficiency. Hence, this study aims to improve the dye removal performance of nanofibre membranes by incorporating zeolites. The research involved fabricating composite membranes by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibres incorporated with zeolites. Mechanical strength was enhanced by placing the PVA/zeolite nanofibre membrane between fusible nonwoven interfacing and woven polyester fabric, followed by heat treatment. Morphological analysis revealed the uniform dispersion of zeolite particles within the PVA nanofibres. EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of zeolites into the fibres. Among all membrane samples, the PZ-0.75 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux (PWF) with approximately 1358.57 L·m⁻²·min⁻¹ for distilled water and 499.85 L·m⁻²·min⁻¹ for batik wastewater. Turbidity of batik wastewater increased proportionally with zeolite concentration, with removal rates of 84.79%, 78.8%, 76.96%, and 74.19% for PZ-0.75, PZ-0.5, PZ-0.25, and PVA membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the UV/Vis spectrophotometer demonstrated that dye removal efficiency increased from 2.22% to 8.89% as the zeolite concentration increased from 0% to 0.75%. In addition, the PZ-0.75 membrane effectively removed RR dye at a concentration of 1 mg/L, with an optimal contact time of approximately 60 min. The adsorption mechanism of the PZ-0.75 membrane aligns with the Freundlich model, with an R² value of 0.983. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficiency of zeolite in the fabric substrates to improve the filtration and adsorption properties for wastewater treatment, particularly in textile industries. Full article