Search Results (106)

Bone regeneration demands biomaterials capable of supporting tissue integration and mimicking the native piezodynamic properties of bone. In this study, hydroxyapatite–barium titanate (HA-BT) composite coatings with varying BT content (10, 30, and 50 wt%) were developed to enhance the piezoelectric response and corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V implants. The coatings were synthesized via high-energy ball milling and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). XRD analysis with Rietveld refinement confirmed the presence of HA along with secondary phases (TTCP, β-TCP, CaO). Electrochemical tests revealed lower corrosion current densities for the coatings containing ≤30% BT, indicating improved stability in physiological environments. Cytotoxicity assays (MTT) demonstrated biocompatibility across all formulations. Piezoresponse force microscopy (DART-SS-PFM) confirmed enhanced d₃₃-eff values for the 50% BT coating (>15 pm/V); however, biological assays under low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation showed increased osteocalcin expression for ≤30% BT, while 50% BT induced cellular stress. Overall, HA-BT coatings with up to 30% BT exhibited optimal electrochemical stability, favorable piezoelectric performance, and enhanced biological response, underscoring their potential for orthopedic implant applications and regenerative tissue engineering. Full article

Effective local hemostasis is essential in oral surgery to prevent complications such as delayed healing, infection, and the need for re-intervention. Postoperative bleeding occurs in 4–6% of cases, increasing to 9–12% in patients receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical utility of local hemostatic agents based on 51 studies published between 1990 and 2023. Traditional agents, such as oxidized cellulose and gelatin sponges, control bleeding in over 85% of standard cases but offer limited regenerative benefits. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), reduce bleeding time by 30–50% and enhance soft tissue healing. Studies show the PRP may reduce postoperative bleeding in dental surgery by 30–50%, and in orthopedic and cardiac surgery by 10–30%, particularly in patients on anticoagulants. Tranexamic Acid mouthwash can reduce postoperative bleeding by up to 50–60%. Fibrin sealants achieve a 70–90% reduction in bleeding among high-risk patients, while topical tranexamic acid decreases hemorrhagic events by up to 80% in anticoagulated individuals without increasing thromboembolic risk. However, comparative studies remain limited, particularly in medically compromised populations. Additional gaps persist regarding long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and the standardized use of emerging agents such as nanomaterials. Future research should prioritize high-quality trials across diverse patient groups and develop clinical guidelines that integrate both safety and regenerative outcomes. Full article

Orthopedics is undergoing a transformative shift driven by personalized medical technologies that enhance precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes. Virtual surgical planning, robotic assistance, and real-time 3D navigation have revolutionized procedures like total knee arthroplasty and hip replacement, offering unparalleled accuracy and reducing recovery times. Integrating artificial intelligence, advanced imaging, and 3D-printed patient-specific implants further elevates surgical precision, minimizes intraoperative complications, and supports individualized care. In sports orthopedics, wearable sensors and motion analysis technologies are revolutionizing diagnostics, injury prevention, and rehabilitation, enabling real-time decision-making and improved patient safety. Health-tracking devices are advancing recovery and supporting preventative care, transforming athletic performance management. Concurrently, breakthroughs in biologics, biomaterials, and bioprinting are reshaping treatments for cartilage defects, ligament injuries, osteoporosis, and meniscal damage. These innovations are poised to establish new benchmarks for regenerative medicine in orthopedics. By combining cutting-edge technologies with interdisciplinary collaboration, the field is redefining surgical standards, optimizing patient care, and paving the way for a highly personalized and efficient future. Full article

Bone defects caused by various traumas and diseases such as osteoporosis, which affects bone density, and osteosarcoma, which affects the integrity of bone structure, are now well known. Given this situation, several innovative research projects have been reported to improve orthopedic methods and technologies that positively contribute to the regeneration of affected bone tissue, representing a significant advance in regenerative medicine. This review article comprehensively analyzes the transition from existing methods and technologies for implants and bone tissue regeneration to innovative biomaterials. These biomaterials have been of great interest in the last decade due to their physicochemical characteristics, which allow them to overcome the most common limitations of traditional grafting methods, such as the availability of biomaterials and the risk of rejection after their application in regenerative medicine. This could be achieved through an exhaustive study of the applications and properties of various materials with potential applications in regenerative medicine, such as using magnetic nanoparticles and hydrogels sensitive to external stimuli, including pH and temperature. In this regard, this review article describes the most relevant compounds used in bone tissue regeneration, promoting the integration of these biomaterials with the affected area’s bone structure, thereby allowing for regeneration and preventing amputation. Additionally, the types of interactions between biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells and their effects on bone tissue are discussed, which is critical for developing biomaterials with optimal regenerative properties. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of the various biomaterials that enhance osteoconduction and osteoinduction, ensuring the success of orthopedic therapies, are analyzed. This enables the treatment of bone defects tailored to each patient’s condition, thereby avoiding limb amputation. Consequently, a promising future for regenerative medicine is emerging, with various therapies that could revolutionize the management of bone defects, offering more efficient and safer solutions. Full article

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) implants have become a cornerstone in drug delivery and regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility, tunable degradation, and capacity for sustained, localized therapeutic release. Recent innovations in polymer design, fabrication methods, and functional modifications have expanded their utility across diverse clinical domains, including oncology, neurology, orthopedics, and ophthalmology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PLGA implant properties, fabrication strategies, and biomedical applications, while addressing key challenges such as burst release, incomplete drug release, manufacturing complexity, and inflammatory responses. Emerging solutions—such as 3D printing, in situ forming systems, predictive modeling, and patient-specific customization—are improving implant performance and clinical translation. Emphasis is placed on scalable production, long-term biocompatibility, and personalized design to support the next generation of precision therapeutics. Full article

The recurrence of bone cancer poses severe complications, particularly after orthopedic surgery, necessitating advanced biomaterials with dual functionality. This study develops nanostructured coatings composed of hydroxyapatite, carboplatin, and quercetin, designed to enhance bone regeneration while delivering localized cancer therapy. These coatings present a promising solution for hip endoprostheses, addressing osteointegration and tumor recurrence prevention simultaneously. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized and characterized using XRD, TEM, SAED, FTIR, and SEM to assess crystallinity, surface morphology, and functional groups. The coatings were obtained by MAPLE. In vitro biocompatibility tests showed that HAp@CPT and HAp@CPT/QUE coatings supported osteoblast viability and adhesion while exhibiting selective cytotoxic effects on osteosarcoma cells. The Griess assay indicated that nitric oxide (NO) levels remained unchanged in hFOB osteoblasts, confirming that neither coating induced inflammatory responses in healthy cells. In contrast, MG63 osteosarcoma cells exhibited significantly elevated NO levels (p < 0.05) in response to HAp@CPT/QUE, suggesting increased oxidative stress. MTT assay results showed a 12% and 28% reduction in osteosarcoma cell viability for HAp@CPT and HAp@CPT/QUE, respectively. Phase-contrast microscopy further confirmed strong osteoblast adhesion and reduced osteosarcoma attachment, particularly on HAp@CPT/QUE surfaces. These findings highlight the dual functionality of hydroxyapatite–carboplatin–quercetin coatings, promoting osteointegration while exerting localized anticancer effects. Their bone-regenerative and selective cytotoxic properties make them a promising material for hip endoprostheses in oncological orthopedic applications. Full article

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant therapeutic potential in veterinary medicine due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This review examines the clinical applications of MSCs across multiple animal species, including equine, canine, feline, and bovine medicine. MSC therapies have demonstrated promising outcomes in treating musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, inflammatory diseases, and tissue injuries, particularly in horses and dogs. In cats, MSCs show potential for managing chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma, while in bovine medicine, they offer alternative treatment approaches for mastitis and orthopedic injuries. Despite these advancements, challenges such as treatment standardization, cell sourcing, and potential adverse effects, including tumorigenicity, remain under investigation. The emerging field of MSC-based veterinary medicine highlights its capacity to enhance healing, reduce inflammation, and improve clinical outcomes. However, further research is necessary to optimize treatment protocols and address safety concerns, ensuring the widespread adoption of MSC therapies in veterinary practice. Full article

At the forefront of regenerative medicine, orthobiologics represent a spectrum of biological substances that offer promising alternatives for tissue repair and regeneration. Traditional surgical treatments often involve significant risks, extended recovery periods, and may not fully restore tissue functionality, creating a strong demand for less invasive options. This paper presents a concise overview of orthobiologics, reexamining their role within the broader landscape of regenerative medicine. Beginning with a brief introduction to orthobiologics, the paper navigates through various types of biological materials and their associated mechanisms of action and clinical applications. By highlighting platelet derivatives, bone marrow-derived products, and processed adipose tissue, among others, it underscores the pivotal role of orthobiologics in prompting biological responses like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, thereby fostering tissue healing. Furthermore, this paper explores the diverse applications of orthobiologics in orthopedic conditions, outlining their utility in the treatment of bone and soft-tissue injuries. Addressing clinical considerations, it discusses safety profiles, efficacy, patient selection criteria, and emerging challenges. With the limitations of traditional medicine becoming more apparent, orthobiologics offer an innovative and less invasive approach to patient care. Looking forward, this paper approaches future directions in orthobiologics research, emphasizing the need for continued innovation and exploration. Through a concise perspective, this paper aims to provide clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding of orthobiologics and their evolving role in regenerative medicine. Full article

Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) has emerged as a promising tool in regenerative medicine, particularly in orthopedics, due to its unique biological properties and ease of preparation. i-PRF is an autologous platelet concentrate derived through a simple, anticoagulant-free centrifugation process, resulting in a liquid matrix enriched with fibrin, leukocytes, and growth factors. These components promote tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses, making i-PRF suitable for bone and cartilage repair as well as drug delivery systems. This review discusses the history, biological mechanisms, and clinical applications of i-PRF in orthopedics, highlighting its potential advantages over traditional platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Furthermore, we address the challenges and limitations of i-PRF, including drug stability, release control, and bioactive interactions, underscoring the need for further research to optimize its therapeutic efficacy. Full article

In recent years, the management of bone defects in regenerative medicine and orthopedic surgery has been the subject of extensive research efforts. The complexity of fractures and bone loss arising from trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital disorders necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies to promote effective healing. Although bone tissue exhibits an intrinsic regenerative capacity, extensive fractures and critical-sized defects can severely compromise this process, often requiring bone grafts or substitutes. Tissue engineering approaches within regenerative medicine have introduced novel possibilities for addressing nonunions and challenging bone defects refractory to conventional treatment methods. Key components in this field include stem cells, bioactive growth factors, and biocompatible scaffolds, with a strong focus on advancements in bone substitute materials. Both natural and synthetic substitutes present distinct characteristics and applications. Natural grafts—comprising autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic materials—offer biological advantages, while synthetic alternatives, including biodegradable and non-biodegradable biomaterials, provide structural versatility and reduced immunogenicity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse bone grafting alternatives utilized in orthopedic surgery, emphasizing recent advancements and persistent challenges. By exploring both natural and synthetic bone substitutes, this work offers an in-depth examination of cutting-edge solutions, fostering further research and innovation in the treatment of complex bone defects. Full article

Background/Objectives: Regenerative therapies have gained interest in orthopedic applications for their potential to enhance tissue regeneration, functional recovery, and pain modification. This review evaluates the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), peptide-based treatments, and biomimetic materials in orthopedic care, with a focus on pain reduction and functional outcomes. Methods: A structured literature search in PubMed (January 2009–January 2025) identified 160 studies. After applying inclusion criteria prioritizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials, 59 studies were included: 20 on PRP, 20 on MSCs, 10 on peptide therapies, and 7 on biomimetics. Data extraction focused on pain reduction and functional recovery, with risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool and ROBINS-I tool. A random-effects meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of therapy type, sample size, and risk of bias on reported pain reduction outcomes. Results: Meta-regression analysis identified MSC therapy as the most effective intervention for pain reduction (β = 8.45, p < 0.05), with PRP and peptide-based therapies showing moderate improvements, and biomimetic therapies demonstrating the lowest effect. PRP provided short-term pain relief, particularly in acute injuries and tendon repair, though inconsistencies in preparation methods limited success in chronic conditions. MSC therapies demonstrated cartilage regeneration and early osteoarthritis improvement, but high costs and ethical concerns remain barriers to widespread adoption. Peptide-based therapies and biomimetic materials, including engineered scaffolds and autologous protein solutions, showed promise for infection control and wound healing, though further research is needed to optimize dosing, delivery methods, and long-term safety. Conclusions: Regenerative therapies offer significant potential in orthopedic care, with MSC therapies demonstrating the most reliable regenerative effects, PRP providing short-term symptomatic relief, and peptide-based and biomimetic treatments emerging as promising adjuncts. However, standardized protocols and large-scale clinical trials are needed to establish long-term efficacy and improve clinical translation for broader adoption. Full article

The use of autologous biological preparations (ABPs) and their combinations fills the void in healthcare treatment options that exists between surgical procedures, like plastic reconstructive, cosmetic, and orthopedic surgeries; non-surgical musculoskeletal biological procedures; and current pharmaceutical treatments. ABPs, including high-density platelet-rich plasma (HD-PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrates (BMACs), and adipose tissue preparations, with their unique stromal vascular fractions (SVFs), can play important roles in tissue regeneration and repair processes. They can be easily and safely prepared at the point of care. Healthcare professionals can employ ABPs to mimic the classical wound healing cascade, initiate the angiogenesis cascade, and induce tissue regenerative pathways, aiming to restore the integrity and function of damaged tissues. In this review, we will address combining autologous HD-PRP with adipose tissue, in particular the tissue stromal vascular fraction (t-SVF), as we believe that this biocellular combination demonstrates a synergistic effect, where the HD-PRP constituents enhance the regenerative potential of t-SVF and its adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and pericytes, leading to improved functional tissue repair, tissue regeneration, and wound healing in variety of clinical applications. We will address some relevant platelet bio-physiological aspects, since these properties contribute to the synergistic effects of combining HD-PRP with t-SVF, promoting overall better outcomes in chronic inflammatory conditions, soft tissue repair, and tissue rejuvenation. Full article

The development and analysis of the properties of a new material based on UV-curable acrylate monomers with silicon-containing hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide nanoparticles as an antibacterial component and gelatin was carried out. Using this material in orthopedics and dentistry is very convenient because it covers any surface geometry of metal implants and hardens under ultraviolet light. In this work, sorption properties, changes in porosity, and mechanical properties of the material were investigated. The conditions for obtaining hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and the presence of silicon oxide nanoparticles and organic for the shell in an aqueous medium were studied for the pH of the medium, the sequence of administration and concentration of the material components, as well as antibacterial properties. This polymer material is partially resorbable. That supports not only the growth of bone cells but also serves as a protective layer. It reduces friction between organic tissues and a metal implant and can be a solution to the problem of the aseptic instability of metal implants. The material can also be used to repair damaged bones and cartilage tissues, especially in cases where the application and curing procedure is performed using laparoscopic methods. In this work, the authors propose a simple and quite cheap method for obtaining material based on photopolymerizable acrylates and natural gelatin with nanoparticles of HA, zinc oxide, and silicon oxide. The method allows one to obtain a composite material with different nanoparticles in a polymer matrix which retain the requisite properties needed such as active-sized HA, antibacterial ZnO, and structure-forming and stability-improving SiO2 nanoparticles. Full article

Autogenous grafts remain the “gold standard” in bone tissue grafting procedures; however, limitations such as donor site morbidity, invasiveness, and limited availability have spurred research into alternative materials. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a widely used bioceramic, is known for its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, its inherent brittleness and porosity necessitate modifications to enhance its mechanical and functional properties. Ionic doping has emerged as a transformative strategy to improve the properties of HA by integrating ions such as strontium (Sr²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and zinc (Zn²⁺). These dopants influence HA’s crystal structure, morphology, and solubility, resulting in enhanced bioactivity, accelerated bone mineralization, and improved mechanical properties, such as increased fracture resistance and wear durability. Additionally, antimicrobial properties can be achieved through the inclusion of silver ions (Ag⁺), reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. This review focuses on the effects of ionic doping on the structure and functionality of hydroxyapatite, emphasizing advancements in tailoring its properties to clinical needs. By consolidating two decades of research, this study highlights how ionic doping bridges the gap between synthetic biomaterials and native bone, unlocking new potential in regenerative medicine and orthopedic applications. Full article

Bone defects restoration has always been an arduous challenge in the orthopedic field due to the limitations of conventional grafts. Bone tissue engineering offers an alternative approach by using biomimetic materials, stem cells, and growth factors that are able to improve the regeneration of bone tissue. Different biomaterials have attracted great interest in BTE applications, including the poly(3-hexylthiofene) (P3HT) conductive polymer, whose primary advantage is its capability to provide a native extracellular matrix-like environment. Based on this evidence, in this study, we evaluated the biological response of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on P3HT thin polymer film for 14 days. Our results suggest that P3HT represents a good substrate to induce osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, even in the absence of specific inductive growth factors, thus representing a promising strategy for bone regenerative medicine. Therefore, the system provided may offer an innovative platform for next-generation biocompatible materials for regenerative medicine. Full article