70 Results Found

This paper presents a wideband approach for L5 and S-band integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) targeting Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) applications. A reference spur reduction technique using a $G_m-C$ filter is proposed. The re...

5.2-GHz all-digital frequency synthesizer implemented proposed reference spur reducing with the tsmc 0.18 µm CMOS technology is proposed. It can be used for radar equipped applications and radar-communication control. It provides one ration fre...

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a wideband charge-pump phase-locked loop (CPPLL) characterized by low reference spur and low phase noise. The proposed CPPLL, operating as a wideband phase-locked loop (PLL) with a reference...

We present a spectrally-dense phase-reference and its calibration for nonlinear vector network analyzers (NVNAs) using a step recovery diode (SRD) comb-generator with a multi-tone stimulus. Frequency selection for multi-tone stimulus based on prime n...

Submerged spur dikes are widely applied in the channel regulation structures of plain sand-bed rivers such as the lower reaches of the Yangtze River; thus, the issue of local scour protection near regulating structures is especially important for str...

Background/Objectives: Calcaneal spurs are pathological bone formations at entheseal attachment sites with clinical implications but limited forensic anthropological applications. While entheseal changes have been proposed as age estimation markers i...

Rhinogenic contact point otalgia is a new term in medicine and it represents earache as a form of facial pain that is caused by intranasal mucosal contact points between the nasal septal spur or septal deviation and lateral nasal wall. It is a referr...

The flow dynamics adjacent to spur dikes exhibit turbulence and complexity, often resulting in the formation of scouring pits in the riverbed nearby. In regions downstream characterized by robust riverbed mobility, the vulnerability of riprap spur di...

To study the dynamic characteristics of spur gears with crack faults, it is essential to establish the meshing stiffness model accurately. In this paper, the time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS) model and load-sharing ratio (LSR) model of spur gears...

Gear meshing stiffness is one of the important causes of noise, and the structure optimization of gears, such as spoke hole structures, has been proven to be an effective method to reduce gear meshing noise. In this paper, the meshing dynamics model...

Under the dual pressures of global climate change and anthropogenic activities, enhancing the ecological functions of hydraulic structures has become a critical direction for sustainable watershed management. While traditional spur dike designs prima...

The possible role of an early calcium application via sprays (0.25, 0.5 and 1M CaCl₂) on dormant buds to improve sweet cherry (cv. Ferrovia) fruit quality at harvest was investigated. Fruit quality characteristics were also investigated in response t...

This study presents an upper bound energy-based offline digital twin framework developed for rapid forging load prediction during early-stage spur gear forging die design. The proposed framework integrates an analytically driven prediction model base...

Shrink fitting of forging mold (SFFM) is an effective method for improving mold strength, extending the mold’s service life and reducing the manufacturing cost of forging mold. However, due to the asymmetric geometry and complex stress distribu...

The demand for rapid online optical inspection of gear tooth surfaces is increasing, especially for precision gears. In this study, a non-contact optical measurement method was established for the inspection of gear tooth surfaces. For the system arc...

Since their appearance at the dawn of the second millennium, Delay or Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have gradually evolved, spurring the development of a variety of methods and protocols for making them more secure and resilient. In this contex...

In 2014, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) called for the development of a system to collate local data on exercise referral schemes (ERS). This database would be used to facilitate continued evaluation of ERS. The use of h...

Liquidambar formosana Hance is renowned for its rich leaf color and possesses notable advantages, such as robust adaptability, strong resistance to diseases and pests, and rapid growth, making it a preferred choice for urban greening and carbon seque...

A design method of low sliding ratio face gear drive is presented. The rack and gear meshing pair with a low sliding ratio is obtained by constructing the contact path. The face gear is then formed by this gear, and its tooth width characteristics ar...

The spur of innovative startups has provided an unprecedented opportunity for female entrepreneurship. However, the mainstream literature on startups has elaborated a gender performance gap hypothesis. Considering the speed of technological, social,...

Sampling-based PLLs have become a new research trend due to the possibility of removing the frequency divider (FDIV) from the feedback path, where the FDIV increases the contribution of in-band noise by the factor of dividing ratio square (N²). Betwe...

In practice, gear backlash and bearing clearance usually exist together in a gear system. They may induce complicated dynamic responses and degrade transmission performance. Up to now, although each of them has been researched, little attention has b...

This paper analyses the indigenization or Koreanization of Protestantism in South Korea in the late 20th century through a study of an original messianic and millenarian movement, Victory Altar. The group was founded in 1981 by Cho Hee-Seung in the b...

Printed circuit board (PCB) defect detection is critical for ensuring the safety of electronic devices, especially in the space industry. Non-reference-based methods, typically the deep learning methods, suffer from a large amount of annotated data r...

A low-power and low-jitter 1.2 GHz Integer-N PLL (INPLL) is designed in a 65 nm standard CMOS process. A novel high-gain sampling phase detector (PD), which takes advantage of a transconductance (Gm) cell to boost the gain, is developed to increase t...

Local scour is a common threat to structures such as bridge piers, abutments, and dikes that are constructed on natural rivers. To reduce the risk of foundation failure, the understanding of local scour phenomenon around hydraulic structures is impor...

Minerals mining and processing companies (hereinafter referred to as “minerals industry”) face the increasing demand for a comprehensive approach towards innovations aimed at sustainability. While the ability to learn from external sources of knowled...

As the construction industry places increasing emphasis on environmental conservation and sustainability, this trend has spurred profound research into the optimization of door and window performance. One of the critical components of windows is thei...

This study explores the application of profile shift coefficients as a design strategy to eliminate the need for stepped planet gears in a specific type of planetary gear train, referred to as the AA gear train. By appropriately selecting gear tooth...

Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen (Asteraceae), commonly known as the “toothache plant” or “jambu,” is a significant medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in Brazil and other tropical and subtropical regions for re...

Micromobility is an emerging field of transportation, referring to trips undertaken by a range of microvehicles. Microvehicles encompass both traditional and emerging types of light vehicles from conventional bicycles and powered-two wheelers, throug...

Deep learning has become a predominant method for solving data analysis problems in virtually all fields of science and engineering. The increasing complexity and the large volume of data collected by diverse sensor systems have spurred the developme...

The wave of modernization around us has put the automotive industry on the brink of a paradigm shift. Leveraging the ever-evolving technologies, vehicles are steadily transitioning towards automated driving to constitute an integral part of the intel...

The triggers of biennial bearing are thought to coincide with embryonic development in apple and occurs within the first 70 days after full bloom (DAFB). Strong evidence suggests hormonal signals are perceived by vegetative apple spur buds to induce...

The determination of meshing force and the load sharing ratio of gear teeth is critical to predict the dynamic behavior or the load capacity of gear transmissions. In the previous literature, the dynamic meshing force is usually calculated based on t...

This paper presents a numerical case study on the application of generative design to the shape optimisation of a spur gear body with consideration of manufacturing constraints and material properties. The presented results are obtained using numeric...

In this work, we use the next sub-volume method (NSM) to investigate the possibility of using the compartment-based (“on-lattice”) model to simulate water radiolysis. We, first, start with a brief description of the reaction-diffusion master equation...

By studying Aboriginal maps, this speculative research discusses world heritage concepts about land and merges them into western urban contexts. Assumptions concerning spatial allocation and demarcation such as boundaries, divisions and geometric pat...

Ketone bodies are small compounds derived from fatty acids that behave as an alternative mitochondrial energy source when insulin levels are low, such as during fasting or strenuous exercise. In addition to the metabolic function of ketone bodies, th...

In this article, a dual-loop dual-output frequency synthesizer designed for IEEE802.11aj (45 GHz) standard is presented. In order to support the super-heterodyne transceiver, the Loop1 output frequency is fixed for easy design of high-performance IF...

In recent years, increasing concerns regarding the energy costs and environmental effects of urban motorcycle use have spurred the development of hydrogen-electric motorcycles in Taiwan. Although gasoline-powered motorcycles produce substantial amoun...

The world is still facing an old challenge, e.g., environmental change. In many nations, including developing countries such as Indonesia, spurring economic growth is considered the best way to overcome many things. Indonesia is moving the center of...

This paper presents a design of a 48 GHz CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) for 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. For the sliding intermediate frequency (sliding-IF) transceiver applications, a fundamental frequency PLL with quadrature...

The digital economy is the future direction of global development, and its innovation-driven effect has become the focus of scholars. This study takes China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2022 as r...

The COVID-19 pandemic spurred older adults to use information and communication technology (ICT) for maintaining connections and engagement during social distancing. This trend raises concerns about privacy and data safety for older individuals with...

The growing demand for agile and reliable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has spurred the advancement of advanced control strategies capable of ensuring stability and precision under nonlinear and uncertain flight conditions. This work addresses the...

Coral reef degradation has spurred the development of artificial structures to mitigate losses in coral cover. These structures serve as substrates for coral transplantation, with the expectation that growing corals will attract reef-associated taxa&...

Non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) refers to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function occurring in the absence of diabetes mellitus—a distinction that sets it apart from the more prevalent diabetic CKD. While diabet...

Noise, vibration and harshness analyses are of great interest for the latest developments of the gearboxes of electric vehicles. Gearboxes are now the main source of vibrations, since electric powertrains are much quieter than internal combustion eng...

The identification of unknown molecules from analytical data remains a fundamental challenge in chemistry, with critical implications for drug discovery, metabolomics, and natural product research. While tandem mass spectrometry provides rich structu...