Search Results (233)

This paper examines how remittances-to-GDP are conditionally associated with GDP growth upswings and downturns in four lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) in mainland Southeast Asia—Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV)—over 2000–2021, conditional on other external inflows including foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), and trade openness. Employing a nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (N-ARDL) model with a Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) estimator, this study estimates short- and long-run regime-differentiated associations between GDP growth regimes and remittances to GDP, controlling for foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), and trade openness. GDP growth is decomposed into above- and below-median regimes, allowing the model to examine whether remittance dynamics differ across growth upswings and downturns. Panel estimates are complemented with dynamic multipliers that trace conditional adjustment paths over different horizons. The results reveal a high-growth-driven regime pattern rather than formal statistical evidence of unequal high- and low-growth coefficients. In the long run, above-median growth significantly reduces remittances to GDP (${\widehat{\theta }}_1=-0.130$, very strong evidence), consistent with the household insurance motive; below-median growth has no significant long-run association (${\widehat{\theta }}_2=-0.127$, no evidence). In the short run, above-median growth is positively associated with remittances (${\widehat{\tilde{\beta }}}_1^{+}=0.033$, very strong evidence), while below-median growth again shows no significant short-run response (${\widehat{\tilde{\beta }}}_1^{-}=0.051$, no evidence). Formal Wald tests do not reject equality between the high- and low-growth coefficients in either horizon; therefore, the findings should be interpreted as a regime-differentiated significance pattern within a nonlinear specification, not as formal proof of coefficient asymmetry. Taken together, these responses are consistent with a one-sided counter-cyclical interpretation of remittances: remittances to GDP decline when domestic growth is above the median, while no significant adjustment is observed during below-median growth episodes. The pattern documented here is therefore driven by the high-growth regime and should not be read as evidence of an active counter-cyclical surge during downturns. Trade openness and ODA exhibit significant positive short-run co-movement with remittances, whereas FDI shows a strong positive long-run association with remittances to GDP. The novelty of this study lies in providing new panel evidence on regime-differentiated remittance–growth associations for CLMV within a nonlinear N-ARDL and dynamic multiplier framework, while transparently reporting that formal Wald tests do not reject equality between high- and low-growth coefficients. Policy implications center on facilitating reliable remittance channels—reducing transfer costs and expanding financial inclusion—without assuming that remittance inflows automatically rise during downturns. Full article

Speech produced in helium–oxygen (heliox) environments in deep saturation diving exhibits pronounced spectral shifts and temporal distortions, which severely degrade automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems trained on normal-air corpora. Existing studies often adopt a restoration-then-recognition paradigm by training waveform mapping networks on paired heliox/air recordings. However, in realistic low-resource data collection, paired recordings are typically obtained by independent re-reading and are therefore not strictly time-aligned, which makes regression-style restoration more sensitive to pairing errors and increases the risk of front-end distortions. This paper proposes a robust recognition framework for heliox speech, termed PRL-DAS (Physics-informed Resampling and LoRA with Duration-Adaptive Speed). The framework consists of a physics-inspired linear resampling warm start (PhysSpeed), parameter-efficient Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), and duration-adaptive speed (DAS) inference enhancement. Specifically, we first apply physics-motivated linear resampling as a coarse warm start, and then perform mixed-domain LoRA fine-tuning of a Whisper foundation model to absorb residual non-linear differences. On a corpus of 1048 paired Chinese heliox utterances under leave-one-speaker-out (LOSO) evaluation, using Whisper-Medium as the base model, PhysSpeed followed by mixed-domain LoRA reduces the overall character error rate (CER) from 49.33% with PhysSpeed preprocessing only to 25.79%, while also improving performance on the normal domain. Furthermore, the full PRL-DAS framework applies Soft-DAS, a lightweight smooth schedule motivated by duration-dependent variation in the optimal resampling factor, and further reduces the overall CER to 24.37% without additional training cost. Full article

The present study examined psychoemotional profiles associated with reading comprehension among third-grade Greek students with typical development, learning disabilities, and developmental language disorder. A person-centered approach was used to identify distinct profiles based on academic emotions, reading motivation, and reading comprehension performance. The sample consisted of 83 third-grade students from public elementary schools in Attica, Greece (mean age = 107.45 months). Participants were classified into three groups: typically developing students, students with learning disabilities, and students with developmental language disorder. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method followed by k-means clustering was conducted separately for each group. Two psychoemotional profiles emerged in all three groups. In the typically developing and learning disabilities groups, the profiles differed in emotional and motivational characteristics but not in reading comprehension performance. In contrast, in the developmental language disorder group, the profiles differed significantly in reading comprehension: one profile was characterized by lower comprehension, higher negative emotions, and higher motivation, whereas the other showed higher comprehension, more positive emotions, and lower motivation. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of psychoemotional experiences associated with reading and suggest that the role of reading comprehension in profile differentiation may vary across developmental groups. The results underscore the importance of addressing both cognitive and psychoemotional aspects of reading in educational interventions, particularly for students with developmental language disorder. Full article

Fact-checking appeared as one of the responses to disinformation, establishing itself inside the journalism profession as another of its ethos. However, its social relevance relies on public perception and engagement. Despite growing evidence of approval, low familiarity and limited active use of fact-checking news remain common patterns, particularly among younger audiences. This study examines familiarity, contact, and attitudes toward fact-checking in a convenience sample of Portuguese university students, exploring associations with news consumption habits, political interest, skepticism, and ideological orientation through an online survey, with 356 university students, across different scientific areas. Results indicate that students show favorable attitudes toward fact-checking (M = 3.70) and recognize its social value but report moderate-to-low familiarity with its practices (M = 2.85), infrequent access (M = 2.37), and minimal sharing behavior (M = 1.82). Interest in reading fact-checking content emerged as the strongest predictor of positive attitudes (β = 0.506), outperforming familiarity and access frequency. Lower skepticism was associated with more favorable attitudes and showed no significant relationship with political orientation. Those more conservative displayed slightly less favorable attitudes. Our findings suggest that the primary challenge for fact-checking is not normative acceptance, but motivational engagement since favorable dispositions do not automatically translate into active consumption or sharing within everyday routines. Full article

The weak-field, quasi-static regime of gravity is commonly described by the Newton–Poisson equation as an effective response law. We construct this response within a cost-first discrete variational framework. The Recognition Composition Law (RCL) uniquely selects a reciprocal closure cost within the restricted quadratic symmetric composition class; together with the discrete ledger axioms AX1–AX5 (including conservation) and standard DEC refinement, the Newton–Poisson baseline is then recovered in the instantaneous-closure limit. Conditional on Assumption AS1 (scale-free latency) and Assumption AS2 (causal frequency–wavenumber ansatz), allowing finite equilibration introduces fractional memory into the response, yielding a scale-free modification of the source–potential relation characterized by a power-law kernel $w_{\ker }\left(k\right)=1+C{(k_0/k)}^{\alpha }$ in Fourier space. The kernel exponent $\alpha =\frac{1}{2}(1-{\phi }^{-1})\approx 0.191$, where $\phi =(1+\sqrt{5})/2$, is derived from self-similarity of the discrete ledger closure; the amplitude $C={\phi }^{-2}\approx 0.382$ is identified as a hypothesis from a three-channel factorization argument. We evaluate this quasi-static kernel-motivated response against SPARC galaxy rotation curves under a strict global-only protocol (fixed $M/L=1$, no per-galaxy tuning, conservative ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{tot}}$), using a controlled multiplicative surrogate for the full nonlocal disk operator implied by the kernel. In this deliberately over-constrained setting, the surrogate interface achieves $\mathrm{median}({\chi }^2/N)=3.06$ over 147 galaxies (2933 points), outperforming a strict global-only NFW benchmark and remaining less efficient than MOND under identical constraints. The analysis is restricted to the non-relativistic, quasi-static sector and should be read as a falsifier-oriented galactic-regime consistency check of the scaling window, not as a relativistic completion or a claim of Solar System viability without additional UV regularization/screening. Full article

This study investigated associations between a yearlong genre-based writing curriculum and students’ writing and self-efficacy outcomes. The curriculum had two stages: first, teaching genre elements without requiring use of sources and citations, and then integrating information from readings. Participants included 340 students and 3 teachers across 6th to 8th grades in a rural Title I middle school. Using a quasi-experimental, one-group pretest–posttest design with repeated measures, analysis showed significant improvements in writing quality across argumentative, compare-and-contrast, and narrative genres for all grades. Improvement patterns varied by grade and genre; self-efficacy and affect results were mixed—gains appeared in specific areas, but overall, self-efficacy decreased when reading was incorporated. Findings suggest the yearlong approach enhances writing quality but may require additional strategies to maintain student motivation. Full article

JOLs are widely used to measure metacognitive monitoring, yet their elicitation can reactively enhance memory—a phenomenon known as the positive reactivity effect. The enhanced engagement theory posits that JOLs improve memory by increasing attentional and cognitive engagement during encoding, but direct experimental evidence remains scarce. Across three experiments, we directly manipulated key components of learning engagement—attentional focus (via silent vs. aloud production), cognitive effort (via massed vs. spaced repetition), and motivational involvement (via standard vs. time-saving instructions)—while assessing their impact on the JOL reactivity effect in word recognition memory. Results consistently demonstrated robust positive reactivity effects, critically, the magnitude of these effects was significantly attenuated under high-engagement conditions (aloud reading, spaced learning, and heightened motivation). These converging findings provide the first direct, multi-method experimental support for the enhanced engagement theory, specifying that making JOLs benefit memory most when baseline engagement is low. The results delineate boundary conditions under which making JOLs yield beneficial effects and provide practical insights into leveraging JOLs to regulate engagement in real-world learning environments. Full article

This article discusses the rise of archaeology in Asia Minor and the related development of heritage tourism in Turkey. It focuses particularly on the branch termed archaeobiblical tourism. It first discusses the demographics of its clientele and then looks at publications related to biblical archaeology that have created interest in these sites. The article next discusses five areas of interest to archaeobiblical tourists: two are related to the Old Testament and three to the New Testament. Since sites related to Paul number the most in Asia Minor, special attention is given to visiting them by land and sea. A list of archaeological realia that archaeobiblical tourists encounter at various sites is presented. The article closes with an extended discussion of how archaeobiblical tourism developed and how it is currently marketed globally. It concludes that Christian visitors are motivated primarily to see the cities where biblical events took place and where the apostles ministered. Along the way they learn about archaeology and Greco-Roman history and culture, and therefore begin to integrate this new knowledge with the biblical texts they are reading. Full article

Social media has become a key venue where PhD graduates seek career information, compare experiences, and negotiate uncertainty. Drawing on information behavior and sense-making perspectives, this study examines how returnee PhDs from non-core study destinations discuss employment challenges in China’s academic labor market when credential signals are contested. Using Korean-trained PhDs as a theoretically motivated exemplary case, we collected 1149 publicly available posts from Xiaohongshu, a Chinese social media platform, and applied BERTopic to identify latent themes, followed by qualitative close reading of representative posts to interpret discourse functions. The model yielded ten topics, and semantic association analysis indicates substantial overlap among high-frequency topics, suggesting intertwined concerns rather than neatly separated issue domains. The four most prevalent topics account for 72.06% of the corpus, centering on credential recognition, job-search pathways, informal screening rules, and intersecting age- and gender-related pressures. Qualitative readings further reveal recurring discursive moves, including exposing tacit hiring heuristics, contesting stigmatizing labels (e.g., “water PhD,” a derogatory term implying low-quality credentials), and exchanging actionable strategies across regions and career tracks. Overall, the findings point to discursive convergence under evaluation uncertainty: when formal criteria are ambiguous and institutional signals are unreliable, participants turn to social media to stabilize expectations by triangulating cases and iteratively refining shared interpretations of the job market. This study contributes empirical evidence on uncertainty-driven information practices in highly educated labor markets and demonstrates the value of combining topic modeling with qualitative interpretation to capture online collective sense-making. Full article

This study examined associations between vocabulary knowledge, reading fluency, cognitive flexibility, and metacognitive monitoring accuracy in reading comprehension among fifth-grade students. Participants (N = 104) completed measures of cognitive–linguistic abilities and reading comprehension, with global metacomprehension judgments after reading and item-level confidence ratings. Metacognitive monitoring accuracy was assessed using calibration of global metacomprehension judgments and item-level confidence ratings. Calibration bias (confidence minus performance) indexed miscalibration direction, and its absolute value indexed calibration accuracy. Resolution reflected discrimination between correct and incorrect item-level responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used exploratorily to examine theoretically motivated direct and indirect pathways via reading comprehension. Vocabulary knowledge showed the strongest associations with calibration accuracy and resolution, fully mediated by comprehension. Reading fluency showed a dual pattern: it contributed positively to resolution through comprehension, while also showing direct associations with lower calibration accuracy, indicating greater miscalibration and overconfident judgment tendencies among more fluent readers. Cognitive flexibility was not significantly related to any monitoring index. By jointly examining distinct indices of monitoring accuracy and separating comprehension-mediated from direct pathways, the study clarifies how cognitive–linguistic abilities may support or bias metacognitive monitoring in developing readers. Linguistic abilities, particularly vocabulary and fluency were central to students’ comprehension monitoring accuracy. Full article

Limitations of the cone penetration test, especially to accurately determine undrained shear strength (S_u) in soft soil deposits with high in situ stresses, have motivated the development of alternative devices, such as the T-bar and ball penetration tests, commonly referred to as flow penetrometers. These devices can estimate, in a single test, both the undrained shear strength (S_u) and the remolded strength (S_ur). When equipped with pore pressure sensors, they also provide valuable information on soil stratigraphy and consolidation parameters, making them versatile tools for characterizing soft soils. This study presents the development of two flow penetrometers, piezoball and piezo-T, highlighting relevant aspects of their design and calibration, followed by experimental campaigns conducted in two Brazilian clay deposits (Tubarão/SC and Sarapuí/RJ). Field tests enabled a direct comparison between the flow penetrometers and conventional methods, both in terms of S_u and S_ur. The investigation also examined the coefficient of consolidation of the soft soils. The results demonstrate good repeatability and consistent values for the bearing capacity factors (N_b and N_t) and remolded behavior (N_b-rem and N_t-rem). Regarding the performance of the pore pressure transducers, the piezoball test demonstrated good performance in pore pressure measurements and derived coefficients of consolidation. In contrast, despite the proposed design modifications, the piezo-T exhibited instability in the readings. Although the findings are derived from specific sites, the discussion is framed in light of the ranges reported internationally, highlighting potential local implications and reinforcing the need to expand robust geotechnical databases to support future applications. Full article

This article presents a systematic synthesis of variationally grounded approaches for the design and optimization of mining structural infrastructure. This study is motivated by the critical need to ensure stiffness, reliability, and operational availability under severe loading, mass constraints, and aggressive environmental conditions. Methodologically, the study situates structural modeling and synthesis within the continuity of the principle of stationary action. It demonstrates that, in the quasi-static regime, structural equilibrium is obtained as the stationarity of the total potential energy; consequently, the finite element method (FEM) arises naturally as a Ritz–Galerkin approximation of this underlying variational statement. On this basis, topology optimization is interpreted as a physics-constrained optimization problem wherein the design is posed as an outer optimality level acting over an energetically defined state. It is worth noting that SIMP-based formulations require explicit regularization to define the effective problem being solved. Emphasis is placed on the traceability between physical assumptions, discretization choices, regularization, and the resulting structural interpretations. The core contribution of this paper is a systematic literature review that consolidates evidence across variational mechanics, FEM-based optimization, and industrial applications, identifying recurrent methodological patterns and gaps that currently limit transfer to mining practice. Furthermore, a fully specified illustrative case is included to demonstrate reporting discipline and methodological consistency, rather than as a validation of a new optimization method. The conclusions highlight that a variational reading provides a coherent theoretical backbone for structural analysis, synthesis, simulation, and physics-based digital twins, while also clarifying the extensions required for industrial deployment, such as stability constraints, manufacturability, and multiphysics coupling within Mining 4.0 workflows. Full article

Background/Objectives: Legume-enriched foods are conventional products reformulated with the addition of legumes and, as such, represent a sustainable alternative to animal proteins. This study investigated the effectiveness of messages based on different food choice motives to encourage search, consumption, and future intention to consume these foods. Methods: The study involved a representative sample of 1361 Italian adults randomly assigned to one of seven experimental conditions (i.e., health, price, sensory appeal, natural content, convenience, sustainability, mood) or a control condition. Participants received three prefactual gain messages over one week. A moderated serial mediation model was estimated to test whether the effects of message exposure on future intention to consume were mediated by product search and consumption, and whether these effects varied according to participants’ baseline intention to replace animal food with plant-based alternatives (i.e., intenders vs. non-intenders). Results: Reading messages focusing on mood (B = 0.337, p = 0.021), sustainability (B = 0.441, p = 0.002), health (B = 0.333, p = 0.029), and convenience (B = 0.364, p = 0.017) were associated with increased intention to consume legume-enriched foods. However, only reading sustainability messages showed a positive serial indirect effect on intention via search and consumption (B = 0.036, p = 0.044), while reading mood messages was associated with increased intention via search only (B = 0.243, p = 0.048). Among non-intenders, reading mood and health messages were associated with increased intention only when they first stimulated search behavior. Conversely, among intenders, only reading sustainability messages was associated with increased consumption. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the persuasive power of sustainability appeals in promoting legume-enriched food consumption and support the effectiveness of using recommendation messages tailored to the recipient’s stage of change in terms of replacing animal food with plant-based alternatives. Full article

This study addresses the enduring controversy surrounding the diagnostic criteria for Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) following the publication of the DSM-5, which is related to their definition. The aim of this study is to review and compare the diagnostic criteria of different classification systems and analyse differences in the identification and evaluation criteria of SLD. To this end, a search of the scientific literature was conducted through ERIC, PsycInfo (Proquest) and Web of Science spanning 2013 to 2024. Fifteen records published in English and focused on school-age children (primary education) were included. The studies address issues in reading, writing and mathematics, using different diagnostic criteria and tools. The findings highlight the need for multidimensional, validated assessments, as well as the importance of early identification to improve access to resources and tackle socio-emotional and motivational factors. Full article

This article reinterprets Yinguang’s (1861–1940) “Eight-Verse Guiding Principles” as a program that integrates worldly ethics with supramundane liberation in modern Chinese Buddhism. On the ethical level, Yinguang established “fulfilling one’s duties and preserving sincerity” as the fundamental code, insisting that moral responsibility and the guarding of right mindfulness revealed the innate luminosity of the mind. Building on this, the article looks at “eliminating selfish desires and manifesting illustrious virtue” (gewu zhizhi 格物致知) as a way to connect ontology to practice, highlighting the significance of “refraining from all evils and cultivating all virtues.” The practitioner made progress toward the ultimate objective of “purifying the mind” by following these steps. On the liberation level, the bodhi-mind functions as vow-power oriented toward Buddhahood for self and others. This dual aspiration functioned as the inner motivation for rebirth in the Pure Land and the attainment of Buddhahood. The triad of “faith, vows, and practice” furnishes an accessible soteriological pathway for ordinary beings who rely on Amitābha’s vow-power to achieve rebirth with karmic burdens. Methodologically, the study combines close reading of primary writings with modern theories of religious ethics and lived religion to show how name recitation (chiming nianfo 持名念佛) concentrates the mind and conduces to the samādhi of recitation, where “the whole mind is Buddha, and the whole Buddha is mind.” Framed within the broader dynamics of Republican-era moral reform and global Pure Land transmission, the article argues that Yinguang’s eight-verse guiding principles embodied the ideal of “reaching Buddhahood by way of the human path,” providing a historically grounded yet contemporary salient model for understanding Chinese religious culture today. Full article