Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Geotechnics (ISSN 2673-7094).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 8510

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
Interests: soft soil engineering; constitutive modelling of soft soil behavior; ground improvement; biocementation; soil–atmospheric boundary interaction; expansive soils behavior; soil–structure interaction; liquefaction behavior of granular materials; pavement engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UniSA STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
Interests: soil/geotechnical engineering; bio-cementation; permeable/pavements; sustainable construction material; resource recovery and recycling; energy efficiency/recovery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
Interests: micromechanical aspects of soil behavior; tailing material behavior; liquefaction of granular materials; expansive soil movement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The mechanical behaviour of soil is complicated due to particle–particle, soil–water–air, and soil–structure interactions, and is thus sometimes unpredictable. Many geotechnical problems, such as the effect of climatic conditions on expansive/unsaturated soils, pavement/roads, static/cyclic liquefaction, etc., suffer from a lack of understanding of failure mechanisms or the underestimation of the soil strength or the interaction between the soil and the structure. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of soil behaviour from the macroscopic to microscopic level is required for designing geo-structures.

Significant advancements have been made in recent years and, fuelled by an improved fundamental understanding of soil behaviour, tools, and techniques (e.g., the finite element method, discrete element method, constitutive models, analytical models, and computed tomography scans), methodologies are being developed for the safer and more economical design of different geotechnical structures. The improved capacity of computers to allow for the simulation of scenarios that were never possible before and to aid in the development of important insights into soil’s behaviour from the micro- to macro-level has been of great help in this regard. Advanced laboratory equipment has allowed for better replication of field conditions and much deeper insights into soil behaviour. Some of the areas that have seen recent research attention include the static and cyclic liquefaction of soils, equivalent state theory, the micro-mechanical behaviour of soil, offshore geotechnics, bio-cementation, unsaturated soil behaviour, soil–vegetation–atmospheric boundary interaction, sustainable geotechnical practices, etc.

In light of this, this Special Issue invites original submissions and review articles covering the recent advances in any aspect of geotechnical engineering from a theoretical, experimental, or numerical perspective.

Topics may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • FEM, DEM, or coupled fluid–mechanical methods in geotechnical engineering;
  • FEM or DEM modelling of geotechnical processes;
  • Micro-structure analysis of soil, including SEM/CT scan or other novel techniques;
  • Liquefaction behaviour of sand or sand with fines;
  • Bio-cementation;
  • Ground improvement techniques such as vacuum preloading, stone column, sand column, vibro-floatation, and deep soil mixing;
  • Pavement geotechnics;
  • Expansive soil behaviour;
  • Soil–vegetation–atmospheric boundary interaction;
  • Climate change and the resilience of geotechnical structures;
  • Deep footing;
  • Offshore structures;
  • Innovative geotechnical structures;
  • Construction on difficult ground conditions;
  • Sustainable geotechnical practices.

Dr. Md Rajibul Karim
Prof. Dr. Md. Mizanur Rahman
Dr. Khoi Nguyen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geotechnics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soil–structure interactions
  • geotechnical engineering
  • pavement geotechnics
  • offshore structures

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 4248 KB  
Article
Experimental Verification of Anchor Tip Angles Suitable for Vibratory Penetration into Underwater Saturated Soft Soil
by Akira Ofuchi, Daisuke Fujiwara, Tomohiro Watanabe, Noriaki Mizukami, Yasuhiro Kuwahara, Koji Miyoshi and Kojiro Iizuka
Geotechnics 2025, 5(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5040068 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Currently, Japan’s fishing industry is facing a severe decline in its workforce. As a response, fishing mechanization using small underwater robots is promoted. These robots offer advantages due to their compact size, although their operating time is limited. A major source of this [...] Read more.
Currently, Japan’s fishing industry is facing a severe decline in its workforce. As a response, fishing mechanization using small underwater robots is promoted. These robots offer advantages due to their compact size, although their operating time is limited. A major source of this limited operating time is posture stabilization, which requires continuous thruster use and rapidly drains the battery. To reduce power consumption, anchoring the robot to the seabed with anchors is proposed. However, due to neutral buoyancy, the available thrust is limited, making penetration into the seabed difficult and reducing stability. To address this, we focus on composite-shaped anchors and vibration. The anchors combine a conical tip and a cylindrical shaft to achieve both penetrability and holding force. However, a trade-off exists between these functions depending on the tip angle; anchors with larger angles provide better holding capacity but lower penetrability. To overcome this limitation, vibration is applied to reduce soil resistance and facilitate anchor penetration. While vibration is known to aid penetration in saturated soft soils, the effect of tip angle under such conditions remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the optimal tip angle for achieving sufficient penetration and holding performance under vibratory conditions. Experiments in underwater saturated soft soil showed that vibration improves both penetration and holding. This effect was strong in anchors with tip angles optimized for holding force. These findings support the development of energy-efficient anchoring systems for autonomous underwater operations in soft seabed environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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18 pages, 4675 KB  
Article
Advancing Soil Assessment: Vision-Based Monitoring for Subgrade Quality and Dynamic Modulus
by Koohyar Faizi, Robert Evans and Rolands Kromanis
Geotechnics 2025, 5(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5040067 - 1 Oct 2025
Viewed by 298
Abstract
Accurate evaluation of subgrade behaviour under dynamic loading is essential for the long-term performance of transport infrastructure. While the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) is commonly used to assess subgrade stiffness, it provides only a single stiffness value and may not fully capture the [...] Read more.
Accurate evaluation of subgrade behaviour under dynamic loading is essential for the long-term performance of transport infrastructure. While the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) is commonly used to assess subgrade stiffness, it provides only a single stiffness value and may not fully capture the time-dependent response of soil. This study presents an image-based vision system developed to monitor soil surface displacements during loading, enabling more detailed analysis of dynamic behaviour. The system incorporates high-speed cameras and MATLAB-based computer vision algorithms to track vertical movement of the plate during impact. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance, with results compared directly to those from the LWD. A strong correlation was observed (R2 = 0.9901), with differences between the two methods ranging from 0.8% to 13%, confirming the accuracy of the vision-based measurements despite the limited dataset. The findings highlight the system’s potential as a practical and cost-effective tool for enhancing subgrade assessment, particularly in applications requiring improved understanding of ground response under repeated or transient loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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19 pages, 3845 KB  
Article
Image-Based Quantification of Soil Disturbance in Vane Shear Tests on Reconstituted Kaolinitic Clayey Soil
by Juan Carlos Ruge, Diego Caballero-Rojas, Fausto Molina-Gómez, Renato Pinto da Cunha and Diego Meléndez-Suarez
Geotechnics 2025, 5(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5030066 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 557
Abstract
The insertion into the soil stratum to be evaluated is the factor that most affects the results obtained by the vane shear test (VST). According to the literature, it has been identified that there is a disturbance in the fabric and even in [...] Read more.
The insertion into the soil stratum to be evaluated is the factor that most affects the results obtained by the vane shear test (VST). According to the literature, it has been identified that there is a disturbance in the fabric and even in the movement of soil particles around the probe. The current study allowed the VST to be carried out on kaolinitic clayey soils reconstituted in the laboratory at different historical preconsolidation artificial stresses. The influence of the disturbance on the alteration of the soil analysed is directly linked to the thickness of the vane blades and their corresponding vane area ratio (VA). For this reason, a digital image correlation (DIC) technique was proposed to analyse images taken during the test’s development. The alteration produced by the disturbance was recorded, and the result obtained was compared with previous studies. This analysis established the effect on the reconstituted samples by employing a disturbance parameter specific to this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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22 pages, 3112 KB  
Article
Health Assessment of Zoned Earth Dams by Multi-Epoch In Situ Investigations and Laboratory Tests
by Ernesto Ausilio, Maria Giovanna Durante, Roberto Cairo and Paolo Zimmaro
Geotechnics 2025, 5(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5030060 - 3 Sep 2025
Viewed by 552
Abstract
The long-term safety and operational reliability of zoned earth dams depend on the structural integrity of their internal components, including core, filters, and shell zones. This is particularly relevant for old dams which have been operational for a long period of time. Such [...] Read more.
The long-term safety and operational reliability of zoned earth dams depend on the structural integrity of their internal components, including core, filters, and shell zones. This is particularly relevant for old dams which have been operational for a long period of time. Such existing infrastructure systems are exposed to various loading types over time, including environmental, seepage-related, extreme event, and climate change effects. As a result, even when they look intact externally, changes might affect their internal structure, composition, and possibly functionality. Thus, it is important to delineate a comprehensive and cost-effective strategy to identify potential issues and derive the health status of existing earth dams. This paper outlines a systematic approach for conducting a comprehensive health check of these structures through the implementation of a multi-epoch geotechnical approach based on a variety of standard measured and monitored quantities. The goal is to compare current properties with baseline data obtained during pre-, during-, and post-construction site investigation and laboratory tests. Guidance is provided on how to judge such multi-epoch comparisons, identifying potential outcomes and scenarios. The proposed approach is tested on a well-documented case study in Southern Italy, an area prone to climate change and subjected to very high seismic hazard. The case study demonstrates how the integration of historical and contemporary geotechnical data allows for the identification of critical zones requiring attention, the validation of numerical models, and the proactive formulation of targeted maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. This comprehensive, multi-epoch-based approach provides a robust and reliable assessment of dams’ health, enabling better-informed decision-making workflows and processes for asset management and risk mitigation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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14 pages, 7345 KB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Enhanced Bearing Capacity Due to Vibration on Loose Soils Under Low-Atmospheric-Pressure Conditions
by Tomohiro Watanabe, Ryoma Higashiyama and Kojiro Iizuka
Geotechnics 2025, 5(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5030054 - 7 Aug 2025
Viewed by 749
Abstract
Legged rovers are gaining interest for planetary exploration due to their high mobility. However, loose regolith on celestial surfaces like the Moon and Mars often leads to slippage as legs disturb the soil. To address this, a walking technique has been proposed that [...] Read more.
Legged rovers are gaining interest for planetary exploration due to their high mobility. However, loose regolith on celestial surfaces like the Moon and Mars often leads to slippage as legs disturb the soil. To address this, a walking technique has been proposed that enhances soil support by transmitting vibrations from the robot’s legs. This approach aims to improve mobility by increasing the ground’s bearing capacity. To evaluate its effectiveness in space-like environments, this study experimentally investigates the effect of vibration on bearing capacity under low atmospheric pressure, which can influence soil behavior due to reduced air resistance. Using Silica No. 5 and Toyoura sand as test materials, experiments were conducted to compare bearing capacities under standard and low pressure. The results demonstrate that applying vibration significantly improves bearing capacity and that the influence of atmospheric pressure is minimal. These findings support the viability of vibration-assisted locomotion for planetary rovers operating in low-pressure extraterrestrial environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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28 pages, 1467 KB  
Article
Design of Spread Foundations on Rock Mass in the Second Generation of Eurocode 7
by Renato Pereira, Witold Bogusz and Luís Lamas
Geotechnics 2025, 5(3), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5030046 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 2769
Abstract
This paper outlines the key developments in the second generation of the Eurocodes, with a focus on the integration of rock engineering into the updated Eurocode 7—Geotechnical Design (EN 1997). It introduces the various methodologies used for safety verification of geotechnical structures and [...] Read more.
This paper outlines the key developments in the second generation of the Eurocodes, with a focus on the integration of rock engineering into the updated Eurocode 7—Geotechnical Design (EN 1997). It introduces the various methodologies used for safety verification of geotechnical structures and provides a brief overview of limit state design, including the semi-probabilistic approach and other reliability-based methods. The paper details the introduction of specific partial factors for intact rock, rock mass, and discontinuities and discusses specific aspects of the design of spread foundations on rock using calculations. This includes the shift from traditional global safety factor methods to the partial factor format prescribed by Eurocode 7, as well as the use of fully probabilistic analyses. To assess the practical implications of these updates, a case study on the design of a spread foundation is presented. The study compares three design approaches: the global safety factor method (based on mean values of actions and strength properties), the Eurocode 7 partial factor method (using characteristic values), and a probabilistic method (based on statistical distributions). Additionally, the paper examines the application of two failure criteria—Mohr–Coulomb and Hoek–Brown—in the calculation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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12 pages, 4367 KB  
Article
Instability Risk Factors on Road Pavements of Bridge Ramps
by Nicoletta Rassu, Francesca Maltinti, Mario Lucio Puppio, Mauro Coni and Mauro Sassu
Geotechnics 2025, 5(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5030044 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 447
Abstract
This paper is devoted to determining the influence of some risk elements on the asphalted surfaces of bridge ramps, in order to detect possible damages or potential collapses of the embankment. The main factors will be characterized by (a) movements of floating reinforced [...] Read more.
This paper is devoted to determining the influence of some risk elements on the asphalted surfaces of bridge ramps, in order to detect possible damages or potential collapses of the embankment. The main factors will be characterized by (a) movements of floating reinforced concrete (r.c.) slab over the embankment connected to the border of the bridge; (b) longitudinal cracks on the asphalt produced by small sliding deformations; (c) emerging vegetation from the slope of the ramps. The authors propose a set of possible techniques to determine level of risk indicators, illustrating a set of case studies related to several asphalt roads approaching r.c. bridges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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Review

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41 pages, 12649 KB  
Review
Review of the Seismic Response of Immersed Tunnels
by Luís Miranda, Laura Caldeira, João Bilé Serra and Rui Carrilho Gomes
Geotechnics 2025, 5(4), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5040072 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 378
Abstract
Many immersed tunnels are constructed in alluvial formations within earthquake-prone regions, making seismic resistance a critical aspect of their safety design. During an earthquake, tunnel displacements can lead to slippage between the tunnel and surrounding soil and may be further amplified by liquefaction. [...] Read more.
Many immersed tunnels are constructed in alluvial formations within earthquake-prone regions, making seismic resistance a critical aspect of their safety design. During an earthquake, tunnel displacements can lead to slippage between the tunnel and surrounding soil and may be further amplified by liquefaction. This phenomenon can cause severe structural damage, including tunnel flotation. This paper examines the seismic performance of immersed tunnels, starting with an overview of the deformation mechanisms affecting tunnels, including those induced by ground shaking and failure. Given its significance in large foundation deformations and its impact on tunnel integrity, liquefaction is analyzed alongside potential mitigation strategies. The seismic design process for immersed tunnels is discussed in detail, covering analytical approaches, numerical modeling techniques (such as finite element and finite difference methods), and physical modeling. Real-world examples are provided to illustrate key concepts. Finally, this paper summarizes the core factors influencing the seismic response of immersed tunnels and highlights future research directions to enhance their resilience in seismic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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25 pages, 2922 KB  
Review
Turning Waste into Resources: Bibliometric Study on Sand–Rubber Tire Mixtures in Geotechnical Engineering
by Madhusudhan Bangalore Ramu, Abdullah O. Baarimah, Aiman A. Bin Mokaizh, Ahmed Wajeh Mushtaha, Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi, Aawag Mohsen Alawag and Khalid Mhmoud Alzubi
Geotechnics 2025, 5(4), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5040071 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 327
Abstract
Improper disposal of waste tires has led to significant environmental and economic challenges, including pollution and inefficient resource utilization. The growing focus on sustainable solutions in geotechnical engineering highlights the potential of sand–rubber tire shred mixtures for applications such as soil stabilization, embankment [...] Read more.
Improper disposal of waste tires has led to significant environmental and economic challenges, including pollution and inefficient resource utilization. The growing focus on sustainable solutions in geotechnical engineering highlights the potential of sand–rubber tire shred mixtures for applications such as soil stabilization, embankment reinforcement, seismic isolation, and drainage. This paper presents a bibliometric study analyzing research trends, methodologies, and applications of these mixtures from 2000 to 2025, based on 366 relevant publications. The findings indicate a substantial increase in publications after 2015, reflecting heightened academic and industrial interest in sustainable construction materials. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals key research themes, including optimization of shear strength, enhancement of compressibility, and mitigation of seismic impacts. Citation network maps illustrate influential studies and collaborative research networks that are propelling advancements in this field. Despite the advantages of sand–rubber mixtures, challenges such as compaction difficulties, variability in rubber particle size, and long-term durability remain to be addressed. Future research should focus on large-scale field applications, standardization of design methodologies, and the integration of advanced computational modeling for performance optimization. This study contributes to the development of sand–rubber mixtures, positioning them as viable and ecological solutions within the framework of circular economy principles and sustainable construction practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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32 pages, 7424 KB  
Review
Gas Migration in Low-Permeability Geological Media: A Review
by Yangyang Mo, Alfonso Rodriguez-Dono, Ivan Puig Damians, Sebastia Olivella and Rémi de La Vaissière
Geotechnics 2025, 5(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics5030049 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1280
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of gas flow behavior in low-permeability geological media, focusing on its implications for the long-term performance of engineered barriers in underground radioactive waste repositories. Key mechanisms include two-phase flow and gas-driven fracturing, both critical for assessing repository [...] Read more.
This article provides a comprehensive review of gas flow behavior in low-permeability geological media, focusing on its implications for the long-term performance of engineered barriers in underground radioactive waste repositories. Key mechanisms include two-phase flow and gas-driven fracturing, both critical for assessing repository safety. Understanding the generation and migration of gas is crucial for the quantitative assessment of repository performance over extended timescales. The article synthesizes the current research on various types of claystone considered as potential host rocks for repositories, providing a comprehensive analysis of gas transport mechanisms and constitutive models. In addressing the challenges related to multi-field coupling, the article provides practical insights and outlines potential solutions and areas for further research, underscoring the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle these challenges and push the field forward. In addition, the article evaluates key research projects, such as GMT, FORGE, and DECOVALEX, shedding light on their methodologies, findings, and significant contributions to understanding gas migration in low-permeability geological media. In this context, mathematical modeling becomes indispensable for predicting long-term repository performance under hypothetical future conditions, enhancing prediction accuracy and supporting long-term safety assessments. Finally, the growing interest in gas-driven fracturing is explored, critically assessing the strengths and limitations of current numerical simulation tools, such as TOUGH, the phase-field method, and CODE_BRIGHT. Noteworthy advancements by the CODE_BRIGHT team in gas injection simulation are highlighted, although knowledge gaps remain. The article concludes with a call for innovative approaches to simulate gas fracturing processes more effectively, advocating for advanced modeling techniques and rigorous experimental validation to address existing challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (3rd Edition))
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