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Keywords = quantum decay

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27 pages, 1332 KiB  
Article
Generalizing Coherent States with the Fox H Function
by Filippo Giraldi
Quantum Rep. 2025, 7(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum7030033 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 353
Abstract
In the present scenario, coherent states of a quantum harmonic oscillator are generalized with positive Fox H auxiliary functions. The novel generalized coherent states provide canonical coherent states and Mittag-Leffler or Wright generalized coherent states, as particular cases, and resolve the identity operator, [...] Read more.
In the present scenario, coherent states of a quantum harmonic oscillator are generalized with positive Fox H auxiliary functions. The novel generalized coherent states provide canonical coherent states and Mittag-Leffler or Wright generalized coherent states, as particular cases, and resolve the identity operator, over the Fock space, with a weight function that is the product of a Fox H function and a Wright generalized hypergeometric function. The novel generalized coherent states, or the corresponding truncated generalized coherent states, are characterized by anomalous statistics for large values of the number of excitations: the corresponding decay laws exhibit, for determined values of the involved parameters, various behaviors that depart from exponential and inverse-power-law decays, or their product. The analysis of the Mandel Q factor shows that, for small values of the label, the statistics of the number of excitations becomes super-Poissonian, or sub-Poissonian, by simply choosing sufficiently large values of one of the involved parameters. The time evolution of a generalized coherent state interacting with a thermal reservoir and the purity are analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers of Quantum Reports in 2024–2025)
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25 pages, 44682 KiB  
Article
Data-Driven Solutions and Parameters Discovery of the Chiral Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation via Deep Learning
by Zekang Wu, Lijun Zhang, Xuwen Huo and Chaudry Masood Khalique
Mathematics 2025, 13(15), 2344; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152344 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 170
Abstract
The chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) serves as a simplified model for characterizing edge states in the fractional quantum Hall effect. In this paper, we leverage the generalization and parameter inversion capabilities of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to investigate both forward and inverse [...] Read more.
The chiral nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) serves as a simplified model for characterizing edge states in the fractional quantum Hall effect. In this paper, we leverage the generalization and parameter inversion capabilities of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to investigate both forward and inverse problems of 1D and 2D CNLSEs. Specifically, a hybrid optimization strategy incorporating exponential learning rate decay is proposed to reconstruct data-driven solutions, including bright soliton for the 1D case and bright, dark soliton as well as periodic solutions for the 2D case. Moreover, we conduct a comprehensive discussion on varying parameter configurations derived from the equations and their corresponding solutions to evaluate the adaptability of the PINNs framework. The effects of residual points, network architectures, and weight settings are additionally examined. For the inverse problems, the coefficients of 1D and 2D CNLSEs are successfully identified using soliton solution data, and several factors that can impact the robustness of the proposed model, such as noise interference, time range, and observation moment are explored as well. Numerical experiments highlight the remarkable efficacy of PINNs in solution reconstruction and coefficient identification while revealing that observational noise exerts a more pronounced influence on accuracy compared to boundary perturbations. Our research offers new insights into simulating dynamics and discovering parameters of nonlinear chiral systems with deep learning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Mathematics, Computing and Machine Learning)
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11 pages, 921 KiB  
Communication
Physiological Performance and Grain Yield Components of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Cultivated Under Different N Rates
by Jorge González-Villagra, Jaime Solano, Kevin Ávila, Jaime Tranamil-Manquein, Ricardo Tighe-Neira, Alejandra Ribera-Fonseca and Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
Plants 2025, 14(13), 2037; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14132037 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 352
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moech) is a “gluten-free” pseudocereal with high-quality proteins and human health properties, increasing its cultivation worldwide. However, the role of nitrogen (N) in plant growth and yield components has received little attention in buckwheat. This study evaluated N’s effect [...] Read more.
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moech) is a “gluten-free” pseudocereal with high-quality proteins and human health properties, increasing its cultivation worldwide. However, the role of nitrogen (N) in plant growth and yield components has received little attention in buckwheat. This study evaluated N’s effect on plant traits, photosynthetic performance, and grain yield components in buckwheat under field conditions. For this, Buckwheat cv. “Mancan” seeds were sown using five N rates: 0, 30, 45, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1. Then, physiological performance and grain yield components were evaluated at harvest. Our study revealed that buckwheat plants subjected to 0 and 30 kg N ha−1 showed the greatest chlorophyll fluorescence a parameters including maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), effective quantum yield of PSII (ФPSII), and electron transport rate (ETR) among N treatments; meanwhile, at higher N rates (60 and 90 kg N ha−1), these parameters decayed. Similarly, plants treated with 90 kg N ha−1 showed the lowest CO2 assimilation among N treatments. In general, stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) showed no significant changes among N treatments, with the exception of 30 kg N ha−1, which exhibited the highest WUEi. Concerning plant traits, plants grown under 60 and 90 kg N ha−1 exhibited the greatest plant height, number of branches, shoot biomass, and internode per plant among N treatments. By contrast, 30 kg N ha−1 showed the highest grain number, yield per plant, and grain yield among N treatments in F. esculentum plants. Based on the physiological and productive parameters, F. esculentum seems to have a low N requirement, exhibiting better results under the lowest N rates (30 kg N ha−1). Therefore, F. esculentum could be considered as an alternative for gluten-free food production with low N requirements in agricultural systems of southern Chile. Nonetheless, more studies are required to understand the effect of N biochemical and molecular regulation on plant traits and grain yield components in buckwheat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Physiology and Crop Production)
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13 pages, 2094 KiB  
Article
Quantum Mpemba Effect from Non-Normal Dynamics
by Stefano Longhi
Entropy 2025, 27(6), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060581 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 588
Abstract
The quantum Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive phenomenon in which a system initially farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than one prepared closer to it. Several mechanisms have been identified in open quantum systems to explain this behavior, including the strong Mpemba effect, [...] Read more.
The quantum Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive phenomenon in which a system initially farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than one prepared closer to it. Several mechanisms have been identified in open quantum systems to explain this behavior, including the strong Mpemba effect, non-Markovian memory, and initial system–reservoir entanglement. Here, we unveil a distinct mechanism rooted in the non-normal nature of the Liouvillian superoperator in Markovian dynamics. When the Liouvillian’s eigenmodes are non-orthogonal, transient interference between decaying modes can induce anomalous early-time behavior—such as delayed thermalization or transient freezing—even though asymptotic decay rates remain unchanged. This differs fundamentally from strong Mpemba effects, which hinge on suppressed overlap with slow-decaying modes. We demonstrate this mechanism using a waveguide quantum electrodynamics model, where quantum emitters interact with the photonic modes of a one-dimensional waveguide. The directional and radiative nature of these couplings naturally introduces non-normality into the system’s dynamics. As a result, certain initial states—despite being closer to equilibrium—can exhibit slower relaxation at short times. This work reveals a previously unexplored and universal source of Mpemba-like behavior in memoryless quantum systems, expanding the theoretical framework for anomalous relaxation and opening new avenues for control in engineered quantum platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Non-equilibrium Phenomena)
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10 pages, 464 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Parameter Estimation Precision in Open Quantum Systems
by Kamal Berrada
Axioms 2025, 14(5), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14050368 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 351
Abstract
In the present manuscript, we demonstrate the potential to control and enhance the accuracy of parameter estimation (P-E) in a two-level atom (TLA) immersed in a cavity field that interacts with another cavity. We investigate the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (FI), considering [...] Read more.
In the present manuscript, we demonstrate the potential to control and enhance the accuracy of parameter estimation (P-E) in a two-level atom (TLA) immersed in a cavity field that interacts with another cavity. We investigate the dynamics of quantum Fisher information (FI), considering the influence of coupling strength between the two cavities and the detuning parameter. Our findings reveal that, in the case of a perfect cavity, a high quantum FI value can be maintained during the dynamics concerning the detuning and coupling strength parameters. The results indicate that with a proper choice of quantum model parameters, long-term protection of the FI can be achieved without being affected by decoherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Nonlinear Dynamical Systems in Mathematical Physics)
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13 pages, 903 KiB  
Article
Direct and Indirect Coupling Entanglements in an Optomechanical Cavity Coupled to a Rydberg Superatom
by Dong Yan, Feifan Ren, Lei Huang, Yilongyue Guo, Jing Wang, Kaihui Gu and Hanxiao Zhang
Photonics 2025, 12(5), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12050472 - 12 May 2025
Viewed by 390
Abstract
We investigate steady-state entanglement in a hybrid optomechanical cavity coupled to a Rydberg atomic ensemble confined within a single blockade region. The ensemble behaves as one superatom due to the rigid dipole blockade effect. Through optomechanical coupling, three types of bipartite entanglement emerge [...] Read more.
We investigate steady-state entanglement in a hybrid optomechanical cavity coupled to a Rydberg atomic ensemble confined within a single blockade region. The ensemble behaves as one superatom due to the rigid dipole blockade effect. Through optomechanical coupling, three types of bipartite entanglement emerge among the cavity, the Rydberg superatom, and the movable mirror. As the principal quantum number of the Rydberg atoms increases (leading to reduced atomic decay rates), the direct cavity–mirror coupling entanglement is redistributed into direct cavity–superatom coupling entanglement and indirect superatom–mirror coupling entanglement. Counterintuitively, this redistribution culminates in the complete suppression of two direct coupling entanglements, leaving only the indirect coupling entanglement persistent under resonant Stokes sideband conditions. Systematic parameter tuning reveals entanglement transfer pathways and establishes the preference of the superatom–mirror entanglement for specific principal quantum numbers. Furthermore, we demonstrate the thermal robustness of the surviving entanglement up to experimentally accessible temperatures. These findings advance the understanding of quantum entanglement in hybrid quantum systems and suggest applications in quantum information processing. Full article
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16 pages, 2568 KiB  
Article
Nonadiabatic Surface Hopping Dynamics of Photocatalytic Water Splitting Process with Heptazine–(H2O)4 Chromophore
by Xiaojuan Pang, Chenghao Yang, Ningbo Zhang and Chenwei Jiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4549; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104549 - 9 May 2025
Viewed by 349
Abstract
Recent research on the use of heptazine-based polymeric carbon nitride materials as potential photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution has made significant progress. However, the impact of the water cluster’s size on the time-dependent photochemical mechanisms during the water splitting process of heptazine–water clusters remains [...] Read more.
Recent research on the use of heptazine-based polymeric carbon nitride materials as potential photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution has made significant progress. However, the impact of the water cluster’s size on the time-dependent photochemical mechanisms during the water splitting process of heptazine–water clusters remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a Landau–Zener trajectory surface hopping dynamics calculation for heptazine–(H2O)4 clusters at the ADC(2) level. The electron-driven proton transfer (EDPT) mechanism reaction from water to hydrogen-bonded heptazine–water clusters was confirmed using this method, yielding a heptazinyl radical and an OH biradical as products. The calculated quantum yield of the EDPT for the heptazine–(H2O)4 complex was 6.5%, which was slightly lower than that of the heptazine–H2O complex (9%), suggesting that increasing the water cluster size does not significantly enhance the efficiency of hydrogen transfer. Interestingly, our results show that the de-excitation of the heptazine–water complex from the excited state to the ground state via the EDPT process follows both fast and slow decay modes, which govern population relaxation and facilitate the photochemical water splitting reaction. This newly identified differential decay behavior offers valuable insights that could help deepen our understanding of the EDPT process, potentially improving the efficiency of water splitting under sunlight. Full article
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13 pages, 5562 KiB  
Article
ZrBr4-Mediated Phase Engineering in CsPbBr3 for Enhanced Operational Stability of White-Light-Emitting Diodes
by Muhammad Amin Padhiar, Yongqiang Ji, Jing Wang, Noor Zamin Khan, Mengji Xiong and Shuxin Wang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(9), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15090674 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 454
Abstract
The persistent operational instability of all-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has hindered their integration into white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). This study introduces a transformative approach by engineering a phase transition from CsPbBr3 NCs to zirconium bromide (ZrBr4 [...] Read more.
The persistent operational instability of all-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has hindered their integration into white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). This study introduces a transformative approach by engineering a phase transition from CsPbBr3 NCs to zirconium bromide (ZrBr4)-stabilized hexagonal nanocomposites (HNs) through a modified hot-injection synthesis. Structural analyses revealed that the ZrBr4-mediated phase transformation induced a structurally ordered lattice with minimized defects, significantly enhancing charge carrier confinement and radiative recombination efficiency. The resulting HNs achieved an exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 92%, prolonged emission lifetimes, and suppressed nonradiative decay, attributed to effective surface passivation. The WLEDs with HNs enabled a breakthrough luminous efficiency of 158 lm/W and a record color rendering index (CRI) of 98, outperforming conventional CsPbX3-based devices. The WLEDs exhibited robust thermal stability, retaining over 80% of initial emission intensity at 100 °C, and demonstrated exceptional operational stability with negligible PL degradation during 50 h of continuous operation at 100 mA. Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.35, 0.32) validated pure white-light emission with high chromatic fidelity. This work establishes ZrBr4-mediated HNs as a paradigm-shifting material platform, addressing critical stability and efficiency challenges in perovskite optoelectronics and paving the way for next-generation, high-performance lighting solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Halide Perovskite Nanomaterials)
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16 pages, 3466 KiB  
Article
High-Performance Self-Powered Photodetector Enabled by Te-Doped GeH Nanostructures Engineering
by Junting Zhang, Jiexin Chen, Shuojia Zheng, Da Zhang, Shaojuan Luo and Huixia Luo
Sensors 2025, 25(8), 2530; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082530 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 522
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Xenes, including graphene where X represents C, Si, Ge, and Te, represent a groundbreaking class of materials renowned for their extraordinary electrical transport properties, robust photoresponse, and Quantum Spin Hall effects. With the growing interest in 2D materials, research on germanene-based [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) Xenes, including graphene where X represents C, Si, Ge, and Te, represent a groundbreaking class of materials renowned for their extraordinary electrical transport properties, robust photoresponse, and Quantum Spin Hall effects. With the growing interest in 2D materials, research on germanene-based systems remains relatively underexplored despite their potential for tailored optoelectronic functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and rapid chemical synthesis of tellurium-doped germanene hydride (Te-GeH) nanostructures (NSs), achieving precise atomic-scale control. The 2D Te-GeH NSs exhibit a broadband optical absorption spanning ultraviolet (UV) to visible light (VIS), which is a critical feature for multifunctional photodetection. Leveraging this property, we engineer photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetectors via a simple drop-casting technique. The devices deliver excellent performance, including a high responsivity of 708.5 µA/W, ultrafast response speeds (92 ms rise, 526 ms decay), and a wide operational bandwidth. Remarkably, the detectors operate efficiently at zero-bias voltage, outperforming most existing 2D-material-based PEC systems, and function as self-powered broadband photodetectors. This work not only advances the understanding of germanene derivatives but also unlocks their potential for next-generation optoelectronics, such as energy-efficient sensors and adaptive optical networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photoelectrochemical Sensors)
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13 pages, 3677 KiB  
Article
Collective Spontaneous Emission Modulated by Strong Coupling in Hyperbolic Metamaterials
by Xiangting Wang, Mengcheng Guan, Tongbiao Wang, Tianbao Yu and Qinghua Liao
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030260 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 565
Abstract
We study the collective spontaneous emission of two quantum emitters (QEs) placed near a semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) composed of a multilayer quantum well (MQW) and doped n+-In0.53Ga0.47As. The spontaneous emissions of two identical QEs in reflection [...] Read more.
We study the collective spontaneous emission of two quantum emitters (QEs) placed near a semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) composed of a multilayer quantum well (MQW) and doped n+-In0.53Ga0.47As. The spontaneous emissions of two identical QEs in reflection and transmission configurations are both investigated in detail. It is found that the collective spontaneous emission is strongly dependent on whether there is strong coupling in the HMM or not. In the reflection configuration, the spontaneous emission changes more intensively with the transition wavelength of QEs when strong coupling is present compared to the situation without strong coupling. In the transmission configuration, the maximum spontaneous emission decay rate of two QEs can be obtained near the HMM for the given transition wavelength. In addition, the thickness of the HMM also has an important effect on the collective spontaneous emission in the transmission configuration. The results in this work have potential applications in the field of light-emitting devices, lasers, and quantum information processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Optical Technology and Its Applications)
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19 pages, 3997 KiB  
Article
The Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Efficiency of Some 9,10-Substituted Diphenyl Anthracene Variants—A Decisive Analysis from Kinetic Rate Constants
by Mikael Lindgren, Victoria M. Bjelland, Thor-Bernt Melø, Callum McCracken, Satoshi Seo and Harue Nakashima
Optics 2025, 6(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt6010008 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1158
Abstract
Triplet–triplet transfer photochemical reactions are essential in many biological, chemical, and photonic applications. Here, the Pd-octaethylporphyrin sensitizer along with triplet–triplet annihilator (TTA) active 9,10-diphenylantracenes (DPA) and the related substituted variants in low concentrations were examined. A full experimental approach is presented for finding [...] Read more.
Triplet–triplet transfer photochemical reactions are essential in many biological, chemical, and photonic applications. Here, the Pd-octaethylporphyrin sensitizer along with triplet–triplet annihilator (TTA) active 9,10-diphenylantracenes (DPA) and the related substituted variants in low concentrations were examined. A full experimental approach is presented for finding the necessary rate parameters with statistical standard deviation parameters. This was achieved by solving the pertinent non-analytical kinetic differential equation and fitting it to the experimental time-resolved photoluminescence of both slow fluorescence and sensitizer phosphorescence. The efficiency of the triplet–triplet energy transfer rate was found to be around 90% in THF but only around 75% in toluene. This appears to follow from the shorter lifetime of the sensitizer triplet in toluene. Moreover, the TTA transfer rate was on average more than 40% in THF toluene whereas a considerably lower value around 20–30% was found for toluene. This originated in an order of magnitude higher solvent quenching rate using toluene, based on the analysis of the delayed fluorescence decay traces. These are also higher than the statistically expected 1/9 TTA efficiency but in accordance with recent results in the literature, that attributed these high values to an inverse intersystem crossing process. In addition, quantum chemical calculations were carried out to reveal the pertinent excited triplet molecular orbitals of the lowest triplet excited state for a series of substituted DPAs, in comparison with the singlet ground state. Conclusively, these states distribute mainly in an anthracene ring in all compounds being in the range 1.64–1.65 eV above the ground state. The TTA efficiency was found to vary depending on the DPA annihilator substitution scheme and found to be smaller in THF. This is likely because the molecular framework over which the T1 excited molecular orbitals distribute is less sensitive for a longer lifetime of the annihilator triplet state. Full article
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13 pages, 3490 KiB  
Article
QSA-QConvLSTM: A Quantum Computing-Based Approach for Spatiotemporal Sequence Prediction
by Wenbin Yu, Zongyuan Chen, Chengjun Zhang and Yadang Chen
Information 2025, 16(3), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16030206 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 896
Abstract
The ability to capture long-distance dependencies is critical for improving the prediction accuracy of spatiotemporal prediction models. Traditional ConvLSTM models face inherent limitations in this regard, along with the challenge of information decay, which negatively impacts prediction performance. To address these issues, this [...] Read more.
The ability to capture long-distance dependencies is critical for improving the prediction accuracy of spatiotemporal prediction models. Traditional ConvLSTM models face inherent limitations in this regard, along with the challenge of information decay, which negatively impacts prediction performance. To address these issues, this paper proposes a QSA-QConvLSTM model, which integrates quantum convolution circuits and quantum self-attention mechanisms. The quantum self-attention mechanism maps query, key, and value vectors using variational quantum circuits, effectively enhancing the ability to model long-distance dependencies in spatiotemporal data. Additionally, the use of quantum convolution circuits improves the extraction of spatial features. Experiments on the Moving MNIST dataset demonstrate the superiority of the QSA-QConvLSTM model over existing models, including ConvLSTM, TrajGRU, PredRNN, and PredRNN v2, with MSE and SSIM scores of 44.3 and 0.906, respectively. Ablation studies further verify the effectiveness and necessity of the quantum convolution circuits and quantum self-attention modules, providing an efficient and accurate approach to quantized modeling for spatiotemporal prediction tasks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Information Processing and Machine Learning)
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40 pages, 1382 KiB  
Review
Fractional Analytic QCD: The Recent Results
by Ilnur R. Gabdrakhmanov, Nikita A. Gramotkov, Anatoly V. Kotikov, Oleg V. Teryaev, Daria A. Volkova and Ivan A. Zemlyakov
Particles 2025, 8(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8010029 - 5 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1070
Abstract
In this work, we present an overview of the recent results, obtained in the framework of the fractional analytic QCD in the space-like (Euclidean) and time-like regions. The Higgs boson decays into a bottom–antibottom pair, and the polarized Bjorken sum rule is considered [...] Read more.
In this work, we present an overview of the recent results, obtained in the framework of the fractional analytic QCD in the space-like (Euclidean) and time-like regions. The Higgs boson decays into a bottom–antibottom pair, and the polarized Bjorken sum rule is considered as an application of the obtained results. Full article
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12 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Scattering Theory in an N-Pole Semiconductor Quantum Device: The Unitarity of the Current S-Matrix and Current Conservation
by Jan Kučera, Ulrich Wulf and George Alexandru Nemnes
Micromachines 2025, 16(3), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16030306 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 683
Abstract
In a number of previous publications, scattering theory for N-pole semiconductor quantum devices was developed. In the framework of the Landauer–Büttiker formalism, an S-matrix was constructed with the aid of an R-matrix providing a mapping of the in-going waves onto the out-going waves. [...] Read more.
In a number of previous publications, scattering theory for N-pole semiconductor quantum devices was developed. In the framework of the Landauer–Büttiker formalism, an S-matrix was constructed with the aid of an R-matrix providing a mapping of the in-going waves onto the out-going waves. These waves include propagating waves and evanescent waves, the latter of which decay exponentially in the leads which are connected to the active region of the N-pole device. In order to formulate the current conservation in the N-pole device, it is necessary to define the current S-matrix schematically as S˜=k1/2Sk1/2, where k contains the information about the k-vectors of the mentioned in- and out-going waves. In this paper, we show how the complete current S-matrix is calculated including the coupling between the propagating and evanescent components and coupling to the bound states in the active device region. One then finds a sub-matrix of S˜ which is unitary and which is restricted to the space of the propagating components. We demonstrate that current conservation is associated with the unitarity just of this sub-matrix. Full article
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12 pages, 2340 KiB  
Article
Fullerene-Passivated Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Absorber for High-Performance Self-Powered Photodetectors with Ultrafast Response and Broadband Detectivity
by Lakshmi Praba, Yoseob Chung, Dong Ho Han and Jae Woong Jung
Molecules 2025, 30(5), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30051166 - 5 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 848
Abstract
We herein report the enhanced electrical properties of self-powered perovskite-based photodetectors with high sensitivity and responsivity by applying the surface passivation strategy using C60 (fullerene) as a surface passivating agent. The perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) thin film passivated [...] Read more.
We herein report the enhanced electrical properties of self-powered perovskite-based photodetectors with high sensitivity and responsivity by applying the surface passivation strategy using C60 (fullerene) as a surface passivating agent. The perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) thin film passivated with fullerene achieves a highly uniform and compact surface, showing reduced leakage current and higher photon-to-current conversion capability. As a result, the improved film quality of the perovskite layer allows excellent photon-detecting properties, including high values of external quantum efficiency (>95%), responsivity (>5 A W−1), and specific detectivity (>1013 Jones) at zero bias voltage, which surpasses those of the pristine perovskite-based device. Furthermore, the passivated device showed fast rise (0.18 μs) and decay times (17 μs), demonstrating high performance and ultrafast light-detecting capability of the self-powered perovskite-based photodetectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)
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