Search Results (105)

Background: The integration of active breaks during the school day has been widely demonstrated to be effective in counteracting sedentary behaviors. The present study assessed the efficacy of a structured active breaks (ABs) intervention implemented during recess on multiple domains of Physical Literacy (PL) in primary-school children. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 139 children (aged 9–10 years). Classes were randomized into an Experimental Group (EG, n = 66) and a Control Group (CG, n = 73). The EG participated in an 8-week intervention (six sessions/week, ~10 min) consisting of coordinative and interdisciplinary motor tasks during recess. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included physical fitness (SLJ, 4 × 10 m SR, 6MWT, MBT), gross motor skills (TGMD-2), selective attention (Bell Test), physical activity levels (PAQ-C), physical self-perception (PSP), and enjoyment (PACES). Results: A mixed-design MANOVA revealed a significant multivariate Time × Group interaction (p < 0.001). Univariate analyses showed significant improvements in the EG compared to the CG for explosive strength (p < 0.001), agility (p < 0.001), Gross Motor Quotient (p = 0.003), and selective attention (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the EG demonstrated significant increases in physical activity levels, self-perception, and enjoyment (p < 0.05). No significant gender interaction was found, indicating equal effectiveness for boys and girls. Conclusions: Transforming recess into a structured opportunity for movement through ABs effectively enhances physical, cognitive, and affective domains. This intervention represents a sustainable strategy for Health-Promoting Schools to foster PL and psychophysical well-being without reducing curricular instruction time. Full article

Background: The use of food supplements (FS) is rapidly increasing, particularly in Italy, which leads the European market. This trend is driven by various factors, including the pursuit of physical well-being, the influence of advertising, and concerns about disease prevention. This exploratory pilot descriptive study aimed to characterize FS use among patients attending general practitioner (GP) offices and examine potential patterns with psychophysical well-being. Methods: Two questionnaires were administered to participants: one on FS use and another on physical and mental health (SF-12 questionnaire). General information and anthropometric characteristics were also collected. Results: 230 questionnaires on FS use and 192 on psychophysical well-being were analyzed. The majority of participants (73.5%) reported using FS, primarily for general well-being (21.0%), immune system support (12.2%), and increased energy (11.4%). The most commonly consumed FS were vitamins (19.4%), minerals (16.9%), and probiotics (15.7%). Only 57.4% of patients reported informing their doctor about FS use, while 66.3% engaged in self-prescription. The SF-12 questionnaire revealed lower mental health scores (mood, energy, anxiety, and depression) in the studied population, while physical health remained unaffected. Importantly, no significant associations were observed between FS use and either physical or mental health scores, suggesting these patterns are independent of supplement consumption. Conclusions: FS use is prevalent among patients attending GP offices. The observed decrease in mental health scores may indicate psychological distress though this pattern was not associated with FS consumption. Given the exploratory nature of this study, findings should be interpreted with caution. This study highlights the need for improved health education and professional training to promote safer and more informed FS use. Further research is required to expand upon these initial findings. Full article

Background: Healthcare professionals are exposed to high emotional demands, including repeated contact with suffering, death, moral distress, and organizational pressure. These factors are associated with psychological distress, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Expressive Writing (EW) has been proposed as a psychological intervention, but evidence of its effectiveness among healthcare professionals remains heterogeneous. Objectives: To examine the effects of EW on psychological health, psychophysical well-being, and professional satisfaction among healthcare professionals. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, CENRAL, CENTRAL Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO from database inception to January 2025. Quantitative studies involving healthcare professionals and evaluating structured expressive writing interventions were considered for inclusion, including randomized and non-randomized, controlled and uncontrolled designs. Studies reporting psychological, psychophysical, or work-related outcomes were eligible. Only full-text articles published in English or Italian were considered. The review protocol was registered and archived in the Open Science Framework. Methodological quality was assessed using CASP checklists, the RoB 2 tool, and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Seven studies published between 2017 and 2023 were included. EW interventions were associated with reductions in psychological distress, particularly perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Findings regarding burnout and compassion fatigue were mixed. Organizational and job-related outcomes, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, showed limited and heterogeneous improvements. No consistent effects were observed for resilience or social support. Overall, the methodological quality of the included studies was generally good. Conclusions: EW appears to be a promising, low-cost intervention for reducing psychological distress among healthcare professionals. However, heterogeneity in study designs, intervention protocols, and outcome measures limits the strength of the evidence. Further high-quality, controlled studies using standardized EW protocols are needed. Full article

Background: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Peripheral Heart Action (PHA) are widely used training modalities, but comparative longitudinal data using standardized anthropometric methods remain limited. Purpose: To compare within-group changes over 12 weeks of HIIT and PHA training on body composition and perceived psychophysical well-being in moderately active young adults. Methods: Twenty-four adults (12 males, 12 females; age 30.9 ± 3.5 years) were allocated to either HIIT or PHA in a non-randomized pilot study, based on training schedule availability and previous training routine, which may introduce selection bias. Training was performed three times per week for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed using standardized ISAK anthropometry. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Significant effects of Time were found for body mass, BMI, sum of skinfolds, waist circumference, and endomorphy (all p < 0.05). Significant Time × Group interactions were observed for BMI, sum of skinfolds, waist circumference, and endomorphy (p < 0.05), indicating different adaptation patterns. HIIT showed greater reductions in selected skinfolds and higher perceived performance improvement (p < 0.001), whereas PHA showed greater increases in arm circumferences and mesomorphy (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Within-group improvements were observed in anthropometric/body composition indicators over time, with distinct longitudinal adaptation patterns between HIIT and PHA. Full article

Background: Comparative evidence for the effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Low-Intensity Steady-State (LISS) exercise derived from real-world settings using standardized anthropometric assessments and subjective perception measures remains limited. This pilot study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and LISS on anthropometric outcomes assessed through ISAK measurements and on post-intervention subjective perceptions. Methods: Twenty-four physically active adults (n = 12 HIIT; n = 12 LISS) completed a 12-week supervised training program with three sessions per week. Exercise intensity was monitored by heart rate (HIIT: 80–95% HRmax; LISS: 60–70% HRmax). Anthropometric measurements were performed according to ISAK guidelines at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Subjective perceptions were assessed post-intervention using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using parametric or non-parametric tests, as appropriate. Results: Both HIIT and LISS showed significant reductions over time in body mass, BMI, fat mass, and waist and hip circumferences (p < 0.001), with no between-group differences for the primary endpoint. Endomorphy decreased and ectomorphy increased significantly in both groups. A significant group × time interaction was observed for muscle mass (p < 0.001), favoring preservation or slight increases in HIIT. Post-intervention, psychological well-being was higher in LISS (p = 0.002), whereas perceived physical performance improvements were greater in HIIT (p = 0.002–<0.001). Conclusions: In a real-world personal training context, HIIT and LISS produced comparable improvements in body composition while eliciting different perceptual responses, supporting individualized exercise prescription. Full article

This study examines the motivations, socio-demographic profiles, and behavioural orientations of residents in Northern Italy toward mountain and forest visitation, with a focus on their propensity to engage in forest-based health and wellness activities. The analysis draws on a large stratified survey conducted between December 2023 and January 2024, involving 1218 respondents, of whom 976 reported regular forest visitations. Exploratory factor analysis identifies two main attitudinal dimensions: “Health and Wellness-Driven Forest Engagement”, centred on psychophysical restoration, and “Comfort-Oriented Forest Use”, related to accessibility and low physical effort. Regression models show that wellness-oriented engagement is strongly associated with psychological well-being, walking and hiking habits, and gender, while comfort-oriented use reflects seasonal patterns and preferences for easily accessible forests. A small subset of respondents reports discomfort in forest environments, forming a distinct attitudinal barrier. Overall, the results indicate substantial potential for forest-based wellness tourism to support healthier lifestyles and diversify mountain economies. Policy implications highlight the need for accessible infrastructures, targeted communication, and the integration of wellness-oriented services into regional development strategies. Full article

Background and Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly compromise daily functionality, psychophysical wellbeing, and quality of life. Currently, a number of pharmacological and surgical treatments can reduce the clinical severity of motor impairments, but they are limited or poorly tolerated for non-motor symptoms, thus highlighting the need for non-medical complementary approaches. In this context, dance-based interventions have emerged as promising and enjoyable integrative strategies to globally and safely manage such multidimensional complex challenges. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current evidence of the effectiveness of dance-based interventions to improve psychophysical function and quality of life in individuals affected by PD, also providing an updated insight into the feature-related benefits of different dance styles. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted, and 66 original studies investigating dance-based integrative interventions to enhance physical, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes in this target population were selected. Results: Across different styles, the reviewed literature suggests that dance can positively impact on motor symptoms, neuroplasticity, and psychosocial outcomes through rhythmic cueing, motor–cognitive integration, and expressive and social engagement. Furthermore, dance offers a non-medicalized enjoyable context able to foster motivation and practice adherence. Conclusions: Dance-based interventions represent a promising complementary approach in the management of PD, with the potential to enhance both physical functioning and overall quality of life. Further rigorous, longitudinal and comparative studies are needed to clarify dose–response relationship, style-specific effects, and long-term benefits. Full article

Hydrogen has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may attenuate perioperative stress responses. However, its clinical impact on postoperative recovery remains unclear. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated whether perioperative hydrogen inhalation improves early recovery after hepatectomy. Sixty-eight patients undergoing elective hepatectomy were randomized (1:1) to receive 5% hydrogen gas or placebo air via nasal cannula from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD7. The primary endpoint was the total Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) score on POD3, analyzed at α = 0.2 with 80% confidence intervals in accordance with the pre-specified statistical analysis plan. Secondary and exploratory outcomes, analyzed at α = 0.05, included postoperative liver function, oxidative stress markers, and QoR-40 subdomain scores. Analyses were performed in the modified intention-to-treat population using the Mann–Whitney U test. Sixty-four patients (hydrogen, n = 31; placebo, n = 33) were analyzed. At POD3, the median QoR-40 score was 192.0 (184.0–198.0) vs. 163.0 (140.0–190.0) (p < 0.001), indicating significantly better early recovery in the hydrogen group. As supportive findings, prothrombin activity was higher with hydrogen (85.0% vs. 76.2%, p = 0.005), and QoR-40 subdomain analysis showed significantly higher emotions and physical independence scores, whereas comfort, pain, and patient support domains showed no difference. No other between-group differences were observed in biochemical parameters or urinary 8-OHdG levels. Perioperative hydrogen inhalation significantly improved early postoperative recovery after hepatectomy, primarily through psychophysical domains of well-being. These findings suggest that hydrogen may selectively enhance emotional stability and functional independence during the early recovery phase. Full article

Background/Aim: The quality of care provided to patients was closely related to the nursing staff’s well-being and their experience within the organization. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short form of the Nurses’ Organizational Health Questionnaire (QISO-SF), with a focus on its relevance for assessing nurses’ organizational well-being in healthcare environments. The study examined the instrument’s structural validity and internal consistency. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using data from three cross-sectional studies, including 1279 nurses providing direct patient care across various Italian healthcare settings. Dimensionality of the QISO-SF was tested via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability was assessed using ordinal omega coefficients (ω). Results: The QISO-SF comprises 48 items across 11 dimensions, grouped into 5 scales: Comfort, Organizational Context and Relational Processes, Workload, Positive and Negative Indicators, and Psychophysical Distress. The instrument demonstrated good structural validity (RMSEA = 0.048–0.094; CFI = 0.967–0.994) and satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.644–0.857). By maintaining the theoretical framework of the original questionnaire while reducing completion time, the short form is suitable for evaluating nurses’ work-related quality of life and organizational well-being. Conclusions: The QISO-SF is a concise, reliable, and valid tool to assess work-related quality of life and Organizational health in nursing professionals. Its use can support interventions aimed at promoting well-being in healthcare settings. Full article

Human–robot collaboration (HRC) is a key focus of Industry 5.0, aiming to enhance worker productivity while ensuring well-being. The ability to perceive human psycho-physical states, such as stress and cognitive load, is crucial for adaptive and human-aware robotics. This paper introduces MultiPhysio-HRC, a multimodal dataset containing physiological, audio, and facial data collected during real-world HRC scenarios. The dataset includes electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), respiration (RESP), electromyography (EMG), voice recordings, and facial action units. The dataset integrates controlled cognitive tasks, immersive virtual reality experiences, and industrial disassembly activities performed manually and with robotic assistance, to capture a holistic view of the participants’ mental states. Rich ground truth annotations were obtained using validated psychological self-assessment questionnaires. Baseline models were evaluated for stress and cognitive load classification, demonstrating the dataset’s potential for affective computing and human-aware robotics research. MultiPhysio-HRC is publicly available to support research in human-centered automation, workplace well-being, and intelligent robotic systems. Full article

Nature-based activities have been linked to psychophysical restoration, but the role of individual baseline conditions in predicting recovery remains unclear. This study examined whether baseline stress levels and mental wellbeing influence psychophysical recovery after an immersive barefooting experience, and whether sociodemographic factors (sex and education) and access to green spaces moderate these effects. A convenience sample of 249 adults (58% female, mean age 45 years) voluntarily participated in a structured barefooting trail in two Italian parks and, after the activity, completed post-experience self-report questionnaires using validated scales (Perceived Stress Scale, Restorative Outcome Scale, and Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that higher baseline mental wellbeing significantly predicted greater psychophysical recovery, while short-term perceived stress did not. None of the tested interactions with sex, education level, or access to green space were significant. These results suggest that mental wellbeing, rather than recent stress, may be a key factor in maximizing restorative experiences in immersive nature-based activities, and that this effect appears consistent across sociodemographic and environmental contexts. While preliminary, these findings highlight the potential of barefoot walking and similar multisensory activities as low-cost strategies to maintain and enhance psychological wellbeing. Full article

Remote, self-managed neuroempowerment protocols are emerging as promising tools for promoting psychophysical well-being in healthy individuals through scalable, home-based interventions. Rooted in positive psychology, applied psychophysiology, and embodied awareness practices, these protocols increasingly leverage wearable technologies and digital platforms to support self-regulated training in cognitive, emotional, and physical domains. This scoping review explores the current literature on such interventions, guided by a triadic model of subjective well-being encompassing neurocognitive efficiency, psychological balance, and physical fitness. A systematic search across major scientific databases identified 28 studies meeting inclusion criteria, with a focus on home-based interventions targeting healthy adult populations using embodied awareness practices, applied psychophysiology techniques, and empowerment-based strategies. Findings indicate that these interventions yield improvements in attention regulation, stress reduction, and subjective well-being, particularly when combining digital feedback systems with embodied practices. However, significant methodological limitations persist, including the overreliance on self-report measures, lack of longitudinal follow-up, and insufficient integration of objective, multimodal assessment tools. Moreover, few studies explicitly address the role of participant engagement and agency—key elements in neuroempowerment frameworks that conceptualize the individual not as a passive recipient of treatment, but as an active agent in the training process. This review highlights the need for more rigorous and theoretically grounded research, advocating for integrative, adaptive intervention models supported by wearable neurotechnologies. Such approaches hold the potential to enhance motivation, personalize feedback, and promote sustainable well-being in ecologically valid, participant-centred ways. Full article

Background: Psychophysical well-being, understood as the integrated balance between physical and psychological health, is essential for both personal quality of life and academic performance. Among emerging strategies to support emotional balance and cognitive functioning, active breaks, brief physical activity sessions during study or work, are gaining recognition for their effectiveness. This pilot study explored the impact of active breaks on psychological, cognitive, and physiological variables in a sample of business students, aiming to evaluate their role in enhancing resilience, decision-making, well-being, and autonomic regulation. Methods: An experimental design was used, with students divided into two groups: the experimental group engaged in daily active breaks for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained their regular routines. Psychometric assessments (CD-RISC, DMC Test, PSS, and Stroop Test) and physiological measures (HRV and HRR) were administered before and after the intervention. Results: The findings showed significant improvements in psychological resilience, decision-making ability, and psychophysical well-being in the experimental group. Cognitive performance also improved, as indicated by better Stroop Test scores. Physiologically, increases in heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) suggested enhanced autonomic balance and stress regulation. Conclusions: Active breaks offer a simple and effective strategy to promote students’ holistic well-being—encompassing both psychological and cognitive dimensions—thereby preparing future professionals to manage stress and maintain performance in high-demand environments. Full article

Pet humanization, particularly in dogs and cats, has transformed animal healthcare and highlighted the importance of nutrition in promoting human–pet social interaction, pet psychophysical well-being and, possibly, longevity. Nutraceuticals, such as omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts and dietary supplements, are endowed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, cognitive-enhancing and gut-microbiota balancing properties. These effects have been shown to contribute to the possible prevention and management of bone and skin diseases, as well as gastrointestinal and behavioral disturbs. Moreover, the human–animal bond has been shown to play a pivotal role in reducing stress, improving sociability, and modulating pets’ emotional and physiological states. Evidence also suggests that nutrition and social interactions can influence the gut–brain axis, impacting the behavior, cognition, and resilience to stress-related disorders. Besides underlining the value of nutraceutical integration into pet nutrition strategies and offering a comprehensive, evidence-based perspective on their potential in improving animal welfare, literature reports about drawbacks of the use/misuse of such substances have been reported. Full article

Backgorund. Multiple sclerosis (MS) profoundly affects the lives of patients and their families. The experience of the disease is shaped not only by its progression and specific characteristics but also by the quality of medical and caregiving support received. The diagnosis of MS represents a transformative event that may lead to job loss, the need for continuous care, and a significant reorganization of family roles. In Italy, more than 140,000 people are affected by MS (AISM data, 2024). The impact of the disease is multifaceted and complex, involving various aspects of the patient’s life. Dependence on external assistance often becomes an unavoidable necessity, highlighting the importance of exploring the quality of life of people with MS in the Italian context. The main objective is to assess the quality of life of individuals affected by MS, both before diagnosis and during the course of the disease. A secondary aim is to identify related psycho-physical consequences, including care-related needs. Methods: An online survey was conducted through various associations operating across Italy, involving a sample of 99 individuals diagnosed with MS. Results: The results show a predominance of female participants, with a mean age of 41 years. The disease was reported to be at an early stage in 66.7% of cases and advanced in 33.3%, with none of the respondents being in a terminal phase. The most frequent clinical form was relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), which accounted for 78.8% of the cases. In terms of employment and daily activities, more than half of the participants reported underperforming (59.6%) or limiting specific tasks (51.5%) due to disability caused by the disease. Emotional distress had even more pronounced effects, with 63.6% reporting a decline in performance and 62.6% experiencing concentration difficulties. Quality of life was significantly affected, particularly in the physical and emotional domains. Vitality, physical pain, perceived health, and psychological well-being emerged as compromised dimensions, pointing to the need for a multidimensional care model that integrates therapeutic, rehabilitative, and psychosocial interventions. Individuals in the early stages of MS tended to maintain better work relationships and demonstrated higher levels of professional engagement. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of a continuous and personalized care approach, addressing not only clinical treatment but also psychological and social support. These aspects are crucial for monitoring patients’ needs, promoting quality of life, facilitating disease acceptance, and mitigating psychological distress. Full article