Search Results (288)

Background/Objectives: Fever is a common concern among parents, often leading to heightened anxiety and misconceptions about its management. While fever phobia has been extensively studied in Western countries, data from the Middle East—particularly Iran—remain limited. Understanding parental knowledge and anxiety in this cultural context is essential for developing targeted educational interventions. This study aims to assess parental knowledge, behavior, and anxiety regarding fever in children and to identify factors associated with higher levels of anxiety among Iranian parents, thereby contributing culturally specific evidence to the international literature on pediatric fever management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 552 parents from Tehran, Iran, recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, knowledge about fever, treatment practices, and anxiety levels using a 10-point Likert scale. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to examine the underlying factors influencing parents’ decisions to reduce fever. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses on standardized z-values were conducted to determine the predictors of fever-related anxiety. Results: Results showed that 67.4% of parents experienced anxiety when managing their child’s fever, with 65.6% perceiving fever as harmful. Fear of febrile seizures (77.4%) and brain damage were significant concerns motivating parents to reduce fever. Female parental sex (β = 0.336, p = 0.004) and the perception of fever as harmful (β = 0.058, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors of fever-related anxiety. The PCA identified two key factors influencing fever management behavior: well-being protection and medical risk prevention. Parents commonly treated fever using combinations with either Paracetamol or Ibuprofen (47.6%). Conclusions: Parental anxiety about fever in Iran is largely driven by misconceptions, especially regarding febrile seizures and brain damage. Culturally tailored education and clear communication from healthcare providers are essential to reduce these fears, improve fever management, and decrease unnecessary antipyretic use. Full article

Background/Objectives: University life is often accompanied by unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, reduced physical activity, lower fitness levels, and a high prevalence of mental health symptoms. Daily step count has emerged as a practical indicator of habitual physical activity; however, evidence on its association with cardiorespiratory fitness and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students remains limited. Therefore, this study examined the association of daily step count with cardiorespiratory fitness and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students. Methods: This cross-sectional association study included a convenience sample of 120 students aged 18 to 25 years from a single university. Daily step count was assessed over seven consecutive days using a Xiaomi Mi Band 9. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated with the 20 m shuttle run test, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21). Partial correlations, ANCOVA, MANCOVA, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline models were performed after adjustment for sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Results: Higher daily step count was associated with greater cardiorespiratory fitness and with lower symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, although the associations with mental health symptoms were weak and not uniform across outcomes. Restricted cubic spline models showed inverse non-linear associations for mental health symptoms, with steeper inverse gradients at lower step-count levels and a tendency to level off at higher volumes, approximately around 9000 steps/day. For cardiorespiratory fitness, the association was positive across the step-count range. Step counts around 7500 steps/day were associated with lower odds of elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: A higher daily step count was associated with more favorable mental health symptom profiles and greater cardiorespiratory fitness in this sample of university students. Full article

Background: Effective and safe sedation is essential in pediatric dental practice to manage anxiety, pain, and cooperation during procedures. Objective: This exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available RCT evidence comparing dexmedetomidine and ketamine across different sedation strategies (premedication and procedural sedation) in children undergoing dental procedures. Methods: This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for studies between 1990 and 2026. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The primary outcomes assessed were intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and recovery time. A meta-analysis of the extracted data was performed, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2. Results: The review included four RCTs involving 178 children, with a mean age of 6.5–9.1 years. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesia did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.09 and p = 0.08, respectively). Pooled analysis showed numerically lower heart rates with dexmedetomidine compared to ketamine, but the difference was not statistically significant (MD = −11.70; 95% CI: −29.27 to 5.86; p = 0.07). Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower with dexmedetomidine (MD = −6.69; 95% CI: −6.91 to −6.47; p = 0.002). Oxygen saturation did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.35). Two studies were rated as having a low risk of bias. The remaining two had some concerns, related to unverified blinding and lack of outcome pre-specification. Conclusions: Based on limited and clinically heterogeneous evidence, both dexmedetomidine and ketamine appear to be viable options for sedation in pediatric dental settings, though no firm superiority conclusion can be drawn. Further randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and standardized sedation protocols are recommended to strengthen these findings and inform practice guidelines. Full article

In social science degree programs, where Statistics is not a core subject, students often experience anxiety and negative attitudes that influence their engagement and may hinder academic performance. This study examines the role of positive emotions in the teaching of Probability Calculus and Inferential Statistics in Business Administration and Management studies, analyzing their relationship with students’ engagement in Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The research is framed as an exploratory single-campus case study conducted with a modestly sized sample of undergraduate students from a single Faculty. Moving beyond traditional approaches that view emotions merely as outcomes of learning, our model assumes that positive emotions, both prior to and following the PBL experience, shape students’ perceptions of its usefulness, their collaborative behaviors, and their communication with instructors. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Cluster Analysis, the findings show that positive emotions are a key driver of students’ predisposition toward and engagement with PBL, indicating that cultivating a supportive emotional climate enhances participation and deepens the understanding of statistical concepts. These results suggest that fostering emotional engagement is essential not only for improving motivation and academic outcomes in Statistics but also for developing transversal and sustainability-related competencies such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and evidence-based decision-making. The study contributes to current discussions on sustainable and inclusive teaching practices by highlighting the importance of integrating socio-emotional dimensions into active learning methodologies in higher education. Full article

International students at English-medium universities in Australia whose first language is not English often struggle with language learning due to challenges sustaining motivation and managing anxiety, while simultaneously needing to strengthen their English skills to succeed academically and fully engage in university life. Although serious games are increasingly used in second-language education, many are not explicitly grounded in established pedagogical strategy frameworks, and grammar-focused serious board games remain underrepresented. In response, this study designed a strategy-embedded serious board game (The Pyramid of Time) that integrates Oxford’s indirect Language Learning Strategies to support grammar-focused practice. Following a Design Thinking process informed by desk-based evidence and refined through two rounds of playtesting, the final prototype was evaluated in a single-session, between-subjects quasi-experiment with 64 international L2 English students studying in Australian English-medium universities, comparing a collaborative board-game condition with an individual textbook self-study condition. Outcomes were assessed using pre- and post-measures of grammar test performance, language learning motivation, and grammar-learning anxiety. The strategy-embedded, collaborative game-based condition showed larger short-term gains in grammar test performance and more favourable changes in motivation and anxiety than the individual textbook self-study condition. An exploratory bootstrapped mediation analysis was consistent with an indirect pattern in which anxiety reduction related to grammar gains primarily via increased motivation, although evidence was modest. Findings provide initial support for theory-informed, strategy-embedded game-based instruction as a promising approach for grammar-focused practice that also improves learners’ short-term motivational and affective experiences. These results should be interpreted in light of differences in instructional format, collaborative structure, and time-on-task across conditions. Full article

Conscious sedation is widely used in pediatric dentistry to manage dental anxiety, behavioral difficulties, and systemic diseases that compromise patient compliance with dental care. Despite its clinical importance, international recommendations vary considerably. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis and evidence mapping of international clinical practice guidelines on conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. Methods: A comparative guideline analysis and evidence mapping study was performed. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, TRIP, and OpenGrey up to December 2023. Guidelines issued by recognized professional or governmental organization addressing conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry were included. Predefined domains were analyzed, including indications, contraindications, pharmacological agents, dosages, routes of administration, monitoring, discharge criteria, and professional training. Data were synthesized descriptively and graphically mapped to illustrate coverage patterns. Results: Twelve international guidelines were included. Complete convergence (100%) was observed in core safety domains, such as patient assessment, monitoring, and professional training. A high agreement was found for discharge criteria (91.67%) and contraindications (83.33%). However, substantial variability emerged in pharmacological protocols, with only 16.67% of guidelines providing comprehensive drug and dosage descriptions. Routes of administration and emergency equipment recommendations were inconsistently reported, appearing in 66.67% and 50% of guidelines, respectively. Conclusions: Although foundational safety principles are consistently addressed, significant heterogeneity persists in pharmacological and procedural recommendations. This variability may contribute to differences in practice and uncertainty among practitioners. Greater international harmonization of guidelines may improve consistency, enhance clinical decision-making, and strengthen patient safety in pediatric dental care. Clinical Relevance: Identifying areas of convergence and variability across international guidelines may support the development of more standardized sedation protocols and promote safer evidence-based clinical practice in pediatric dentistry. Full article

Massage relieves stress and anxiety, but also helps to reduce musculoskeletal problems, decreasing tension, in all stages of life. For pediatric use, organoleptic properties, cosmetic safety and user acceptability of topical products are important given the higher frequency of irritative or allergic episodes in young skin. We evaluate for the first time the comprehensive cosmetic performance of Physiorelax Forte Plus natural formulation in cream, spray and roll-on applied regularly in healthy and active children/adolescents. 210 healthy volunteers were included (150 adults with sensitive skin and 60 children and adolescents [6–16 years]). This three-part, sequential, observational, non-comparative pilot design monitored user experience under real-world conditions: (I) Open-label testing to assess skin compatibility in adults (N = 60); (II) In-use testing in adults for cosmetic acceptability and safety over 14 days (N = 90); (III) In-use testing in children/adolescents for 14 days (N = 60). Outcomes were dermatological assessments for tolerability and user (and/or parents/caregiver(s)-reported) satisfaction/acceptability and perceived benefits. No control group or objective efficacy measures were included. Among pediatric participants, no cutaneous reactions were observed at application sites after 14 days of use. Proxy reporting about consumer satisfaction and acceptability for the range were generally high. Principal component analysis revealed a clear three-cluster structure (sensory, functional, practicality), with roll-on driving the strongest differentiation across items and spray aligning most closely with sensory attributes, while cream showed an intermediate functional profile. The Physiorelax Forte Plus range demonstrated a favorable cosmetic safety profile and consumer acceptability in pediatric use under real-world conditions. Findings are limited by the observational, unblinded design, absence of a control group, and reliance on subjectively reported outcomes; no clinical or pharmaceutical claims are implied. Future controlled studies incorporating objective dermatologic endpoints, benchmark products, and direct child/adolescent reporting are warranted. Full article

Objective: Anxiety symptoms frequently occur alongside mood disorders and are associated with poorer clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of early and accurate detection. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and psychometric properties of the Anxious Distress Assessment Scale (ADS), a newly developed brief self-report instrument designed to detect anxious distress. Method: The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the development of the ADS as a five-item instrument reflecting the DSM-5-TR anxious distress criteria. In Phase 2, 105 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) completed the ADS alongside the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Psychometric evaluation included internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α), analyses of convergent validity, and diagnostic accuracy assessment using correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: Anxious distress was highly prevalent, with 71% of participants meeting DSM-5-TR criteria. The ADS demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, with sensitivity of 88.0%, specificity of 90.0%, positive predictive value of 95.7%, and negative predictive value of 75.0%. ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.943–0.997), with an optimal cut-off score of ≥10. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α = 0.897). Principal component analysis supported a unidimensional structure, accounting for 71.5% of the total variance, with all items loading above 0.80. The ADS also demonstrated strong convergent validity, correlating significantly with the GAD-7 (r = 0.82) and MADRS (r = 0.68). Conclusions: The ADS demonstrates promising psychometric properties, including strong reliability, meaningful convergent validity, and excellent diagnostic accuracy. Its brief format and direct alignment with DSM-5-TR anxious distress criteria support its potential utility as a practical screening tool in clinical settings. However, these findings should be interpreted in light of the study’s focus on English-speaking Malaysian adults with MDD recruited from a tertiary-care setting. Further validation across diagnostic groups, clinical contexts, and cultural and linguistic populations is warranted. Full article

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a substantial number of deaths, exposing many individuals to bereavement under particularly adverse circumstances, as public health restrictions often prevented individuals from engaging in customary farewell and mourning practices. In this context, the development of interventions capable of mitigating the psychological impact of grief is of critical importance. This mixed-methods study, with a predominantly qualitative design, aimed to develop and pilot-test a group intervention grounded in cognitive-narrative theory for individuals experiencing bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Portugal. Four patients aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 49.25; SD = 21.24) participated in the 6-week intervention, between July and August 2022. Quantitative data were collected using the Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory, the Prolonged Grief Assessment Instrument, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with pre- and post-intervention comparisons. To assess the intervention process, participants completed an individual evaluation form, and a group interview was conducted at the end of the intervention. The results indicated a clinically significant reduction in feelings of emptiness and loss of meaning in most participants, with improved meaning-making related to the loss. The thematic analysis performed on the qualitative data highlighted the strengths of the intervention (e.g., adjustment to grief and sharing) and some areas for improvement (e.g., more regular feedback and group composition). Despite limitations, particularly the small sample size, the findings are promising and support further evaluation of this intervention in larger samples of individuals diagnosed with prolonged grief. Full article

Background: Global immunization programs continue to rely on needle-based injections despite persistent concerns regarding sharps disposal, accidental injuries, and the technical skill required for accurate intradermal administration. Needle-free jet injectors (NFJIs) are an alternative delivery method in which narrow, high-velocity liquid jets penetrate the skin without a needle. Contemporary designs, ranging from single-use disposable-syringe injectors to digitally controlled electromechanical devices, address historical safety issues and meet current WHO and FDA device expectations. Methods: Evidence from engineering analyses, preclinical modeling, and clinical trials was reviewed to characterize how jet velocity, nozzle structure, and formulation rheology influence skin penetration and drug dispersion. Published vaccine studies were examined for antibody responses, seroconversion, and reactogenicity compared with needle–syringe injection. Field vaccination campaign data from national campaigns and operational reports were evaluated to describe implementation steps, acceptability, and implementation constraints. Results: Published studies evaluating vaccines, including inactivated influenza, hepatitis B, typhoid, rabies, and measles, report antibody titers and seroconversion rates after NFJI administration that are comparable to those achieved with conventional intramuscular or intradermal needle injection. Needle-free delivery was associated with operational advantages in several immunization programs, including reduced sharps waste and improved vaccination rate during high-volume immunization campaigns. Local and systemic reactogenicity follows expected patterns, with slightly higher injection-site responses in some NFJI studies. Imaging and mechanical data confirm that jet performance depends on nozzle geometry and controlled pressure pulses. At the same time, formulation stability remains a critical determinant of successful jet-based vaccine administration, particularly for protein antigens, adjuvanted formulations, and emerging mRNA vaccines that may experience transient shear stress during high-velocity injection. Evidence from vaccination campaigns further indicates that needle-free jet injectors reduce sharps waste, simplify vaccine handling and administration procedures, and support rapid vaccine delivery in large-scale immunization programs. Conclusions: Needle-free jet injectors are a practical alternative to traditional needle-based injections for some vaccines. Their main benefits include enabling intradermal dose-sparing strategies, reducing reliance on sharps disposal methods, and enabling the efficient vaccination of large groups without compromising immunogenicity. Future research should define the physicochemical stability limits of biologic formulations subjected to jet injection and evaluate digitally controlled injectors capable of precise pressure modulation and adjustable delivery parameters. In addition, needle-free jet injection eliminates needle penetration and sharps handling, which may reduce needle-associated anxiety and improve vaccine acceptability among individuals with needle aversion. Full article

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress globally. However, the independent psychological impact of prior COVID-19 infection remains heterogeneous, particularly in primary healthcare populations. This study aimed to examine differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms between individuals with and without a history of COVID-19 infection in a primary healthcare setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022 in five family medicine practices in the primary health care facility of Sarajevo Canton. A total of 279 participants without previously diagnosed mental disorders completed an online questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales. Multivariable regression models were performed, and propensity score matching (1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, caliper = 0.2) was conducted to address baseline imbalance. Results: No statistically significant independent association was detected between prior COVID-19 infection and anxiety or depressive symptoms in multivariable models. Propensity score matching yielded 84 well-balanced pairs. In the matched sample, no significant differences were observed in GAD-7 (p = 0.229) or PHQ-9 scores (p = 0.139), nor in clinically relevant cut-offs. Female sex and chronic disease were independently associated with higher anxiety levels. Conclusions: In this primary healthcare population, we did not observe an independent association between prior COVID-19 infection and anxiety or depressive symptoms after covariate adjustment and propensity score matching. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional design, possible exposure misclassification, and residual confounding. Full article

This review aims to assess the clinical performance and application results of oral wearable devices in in vivo trials. Following a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases up to 15 October 2025, and strict screening in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 13 in vivo human trials were finally included for analysis. These were analyzed across four clinical functions: diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prevention. These devices have evolved from bulky prototypes into miniaturized, wireless systems with diverse diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Their applications now extend beyond common conditions like caries and bruxism to postoperative recovery and pediatric dental anxiety intervention. The findings show that some devices already offer practical value for clinical screening and auxiliary diagnosis. They demonstrate significant potential in early disease detection and medical cost control. However, development still faces many challenges. Technical issues include limited battery life, insufficient mechanical durability, and wireless transmission constraints within the oral environment. Furthermore, clinical evidence levels remain low, indications are narrow, and dedicated ethical and regulatory frameworks are lacking. Inconsistent regulatory standards, production costs, and clinician adoption hurdles slow its commercial development. In the future, the integration of AI, breakthroughs in energy harvesting, and the creation of digital health platforms will be key to overcoming technical bottlenecks. Full article

Introduction: University students are vulnerable to psychological distress due to the academic and social demands of this life stage. Mindfulness and self-compassion are effective and adaptable strategies in an academic environment that promote emotional regulation and psychological well-being. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the combined impact of mindfulness- and self-compassion-based interventions (MBSCIs) on psychological distress. It will also analyze their role as predictors of therapeutic change, as well as the moderating influence of sociodemographic and contextual factors. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-group pre-post trials investigating the effect of MBSCI on anxiety, depression and stress in college students. Studies were combined using the inverse variance method in a random effects model. Additional subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed, and risk of bias was assessed. The review was pre-registered (PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251003822). Results: Our review included 49 studies with a total of 5043 participants (3721 in the intervention group, and 1322 in the control group). The results provide relevant evidence on the efficacy of MBSCI in the university population, especially in reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. The effect sizes observed were moderate-to-large for stress and small-to-moderate for anxiety and depression, supporting their clinical usefulness in university educational settings. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as no included study achieved low risk of bias, and heterogeneity was moderate-to-high across most outcomes. Conclusions: The results suggest that MBSCI could alleviate psychological distress in university students. However, these results are limited by some methodological issues (risk of bias, heterogeneity, lack of follow-ups, poor standardization). It would be advisable to integrate these practices into the university curriculum as workshops or complementary activities. Further studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and explore sustained effects and differences according to individual characteristics. Full article

Background: Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRB), including compulsive skin picking, are observed in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, their functional significance remains unclear. AN is characterized by chronic energy restriction and altered interoceptive processing, which may contribute to persistent internal tension beyond overt eating symptoms. This study aimed to explore the functional meaning of compulsive skin picking as a potential behavioral marker of emotional and interoceptive dysregulation relevant to clinical assessment and treatment planning. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among 33 hospitalized patients with AN who reported recurrent skin picking leading to tissue damage. Patients were undergoing structured nutritional rehabilitation. Individual semi-structured interviews were performed. Results: Patients with AN described a consistent emotional and physiological sequence preceding skin picking: increased internal tension followed by short-term relief and subsequent self-directed negative emotions. Episodes occurred in contexts of emotional overload, understimulation, reduced emotional awareness, and, in some cases, hunger- or meal-related stress. Participants described the behavior as partly intentional, serving to reduce tension, but at times occurring almost automatically. It was closely connected with eating-related anxiety and dissatisfaction with the body. Conclusions: The findings indicate that compulsive skin picking in AN may reflect underlying emotional and interoceptive instability, instead of being an unrelated co-occurring symptom. In the broader context of chronic energy restriction, such behaviors may reflect attempts to modulate internally generated physiological arousal. Incorporating routine assessment of BFRB into clinical practice could improve the identification of ongoing emotional instability and support more coordinated multidisciplinary care. Future studies combining qualitative insights with physiological measures would help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association. Full article

Objectives: As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become increasingly integrated into healthcare systems, understanding healthcare professionals’ psychological responses—particularly AI-related anxiety—has become increasingly important for the safe and effective implementation of these technologies in clinical practice. This study aimed to examine the relationships between oncology nurses’ readiness for artificial intelligence, their attitudes toward artificial intelligence, and their levels of AI-related anxiety. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: An oncology hospital within a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Participants: A total of 207 oncology nurses working full-time in clinical settings. Methods: Data were collected using an online survey consisting of a demographic information form, the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale (MAIRS-MS), the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS), and the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS). Spearman correlation analysis, general linear modeling, and conditional mediation analysis were performed using JAMOVI (v2.6.17). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: AI-related anxiety was significantly and negatively correlated with both readiness and attitudes toward AI. General linear modeling showed that attitudes toward AI significantly predicted anxiety (β = −0.327, p < 0.001), whereas readiness did not have a direct significant effect. Conditional mediation analysis demonstrated that attitudes fully mediated the relationship between readiness and AI anxiety. The indirect effect of readiness on anxiety through attitudes was stronger among nurses who had received prior AI-related education. While the indirect effect remained significant among untrained nurses, its magnitude was considerably smaller. The total effect of readiness on anxiety was significant only in the untrained group, suggesting that structured education redirects the impact of readiness primarily through attitudes. Conclusions: Attitudes toward artificial intelligence represent the key psychological mechanism linking readiness to AI-related anxiety among oncology nurses. Prior AI education appears to strengthen this relationship by enhancing the association between readiness and attitudes and by being associated with lower anxiety levels. Educational and implementation strategies that emphasize ethical awareness and the development of positive, informed attitudes—rather than focusing solely on technical competence—are likely to be more effective in reducing anxiety and promoting the safe and ethical integration of AI into oncology nursing practice. Full article